高温环境下汽油机排气歧管振动特性及疲劳寿命研究

为研究热载荷与机械载荷的耦合作用对排气歧管疲劳寿命的影响,对一款汽油机排气歧管进行热机耦合下的振动疲劳寿命分析。通过双向流固耦合的方法得到排气歧管的温度场,进而根据热应力及温度分布建立排气歧管的热机耦合模型,进行热载荷下的频率响应分析。通过计算对比发现,应力刚化效果及温度升高引起的材料力学性能退化使得排气歧管的刚度发生变化,导致频率响应分析得到的应力传递函数发生相应的改变,响应应力幅值及峰值频率均发生了不同程度的变化。振动疲劳寿命预测结果表明,考虑热机耦合的疲劳寿命较不考虑热机耦合的振动疲劳寿命降低了32.7%,热机耦合作用对疲劳寿命影响显著,不可忽视。     

输气管道泄漏声波衰减模型的理论研究

一直以来,在国内外声波传播特性的研究中,幅值衰减模型的建立没有考虑管道内气体流动的影响,使得声波传播规律的研究并不充分。基于此,确定了泄漏声波在输气管道中的传播以一维平面波形式进行,推导了泄漏声波的传播公式,建立了耦合黏热效应、湍流效应和气体流动的泄漏声波幅值衰减的理论模型,从理论上建立了黏性均匀流动介质中考虑气体流动、湍流效应和黏热效应的声波幅值衰减模型;然后通过实验拟合得到了10 mm管线顺流和逆流情况下的衰减因子,理论计算值与实验拟合值相比,采用原始信号计算得到的顺流衰减因子误差都在6. 0%以内,采用小波特征计算得到的衰减因子顺流时误差都在7. 0%以内,逆流时误差也都在12. 0%以内,并分析了误差来源。研究结果表明:所建立的声波幅值衰减模型充分考虑了黏热效应、湍流效应和气体流动作用,试验验证了该模型的准确性。     

饱和多孔介质中动力渗流耦合分析的Biot-Cosserat连续体模型与应变局部化有限元模拟

提出了适用于饱和多孔介质中应变局部化分析及动力渗流耦合分析的Biot-Cosserat连续体模型。基于饱和多孔介质动力渗流耦合分析的Biot理论,将固体骨架看作Cosserat连续体,并考虑旋转惯性,建立了饱和多孔介质动力渗流耦合分析的Biot-Cosserat连续体模型。基于Galerkin加权余量法,对所发展的模型推导了以固体骨架广义位移(包含旋转)及孔隙水压力为基本未知量的有限元公式。利用所发展的数值模型,对包含压力相关弹塑性固体骨架材料的饱和多孔介质进行了动力渗流耦合分析与应变局部化有限元模拟,结果表明,所发展的两相饱和多孔介质动力渗流耦合分析的Biot-Cosserat连续体模型能保持饱和两相介质应变局部化问题的适定性及模拟饱和多孔介质中由应变软化引起的应变局部化现象的有效性。     

各向异性双重孔隙介质的应力与油水两相渗流耦合理论模型

针对天然裂缝性油藏的特性,建立了描述双重孔隙介质中油水两相流体流动特性的流固耦合理论模型。该模型不仅考虑了渗透率的各向异性,而且考虑了岩石固体骨架变形的各向异性。渗流方程是依据双重孔隙的概念建立起来的,而固体骨架变形控制方程则是根据Biot 的等温、线性孔隙弹性理论建立起来的。同时,给出了横向各向同性及结构各向异性、固体材料各向同性时的双重孔隙介质的应力与油水两相渗流耦合理论模型。对该模型进行了简化,并将其简化后模型与单相流的各项同性和各向异性双重孔隙介质流固耦合理论模型进行了比较。     

压电复合梁热机电耦合有限元模型

压电材料应用于航天结构形状或振动控制时,可能会受到热场、力场和电场的共同作用。为分析处于热场、力场和电场共同作用下的压电复合结构,文中基于高阶剪切变形理论、高阶电势模型和线性温度分布假设,利用虚功原理建立了压电复合梁结构的热-机-电耦合有限元模型。该模型可应用于热机电耦合压电复合结构的形状与振动控制研究。利用本文模型对压电双晶片梁、压电复合悬臂梁进行了数值仿真,仿真结果与文献给出的理论结果和实验值吻合良好,表明本文模型是正确有效的。     

Q235钢杨氏弹性模量的研究

采用实验与模型计算相结合的方法,对Q235钢的杨氏弹性模量进行了研究,通过Gleeble 1500热模拟机对700～1400℃温度区间的杨氏弹性模量进行了测量,每100℃取1个测量值,通过拟舍得到连续曲线;1400℃至零强度温度(ZST)使用Tszeng模型计算,体现液相区的真实力学行为.将得到的杨氏模量结果运用于连铸二冷段的热力耦合模拟,得到的结果与实测结果一致.     

模拟海洋环境静力触探仪孔压校准方法

为进一步保障海洋静力触探仪孔隙水压力数据的准确和量值的溯源,该文提出一种基于模拟海洋环境的孔隙水压力校准方法。通过开展孔隙水压力的校准实验,获得探头在不同温度条件下各压力校准点处的修正值及修正值的扩展不确定度,实现孔压测量值的准确和溯源。实验结果表明海洋静力触探仪探头工作环境温度偏离标定时的温度越大,孔隙水压力测量示值误差将越大。孔压示值误差随温度的变化趋势验证基于模拟海洋环境对静力触探仪孔隙水压力开展校准的必要性。     

Y旋转ST-石英基片上的准纵漏表面声波

文章主要研究了Y旋转ST-石英基片上准纵漏表面声波（快速声表面波）的传播特性。它的相速度是常规瑞利波的两倍,在某些传播方向可高达7000m／s;在理论与实验上寻找了束偏向和延时温度系数均较小的切割传播方向,例如,沿欧拉角（0°,155．25°,42°）方向的准纵漏表面声波的相速度为6153m／s,延时温度系数为11ppm／℃,其声波能流方向基本上与波的传播矢量方向相一致。实验证明放置于基片表面的液体对准纵漏表面声波的吸收不大,说明声波的质点振动与传播方向一致（沿表面方向）,具有纵波的性质。     

非饱和土壤热导率模型的优化研究与应用

本文在Campbell模型和de V-1模型的基础上,以Campbell模型为主,对该模型中的两个参数形状因子（ga）和土壤固相热导率（ ）采用de V-1模型中的计算方法,提出了一种新的预测土壤热导率温度关系的模型。该模型土壤固相热导率和形状因子均考虑了土壤颗粒组成成分,也包含了温度对土壤固相热导率的影响。此外,与前两种模型进行比较,该模型与实验值吻合较好,能够更好地预测土壤热导率。基于该模型,分析了土壤温度和体积含水率两个变量对不同类型土壤热导率的影响。研究表明：在同一温度及体积含水率工况下,土壤热导率是砂土>壤土>粘土。该研究为地埋管换热器周围非饱和土壤热湿耦合迁移模型的建立提供新的思路。     

热声热机系统的测量与实验研究

对热声热机驱动耗散性负载的性能进行了实验研究和分析,对热声热机系统起振温度和谐振频率进行了测量和标定。得出导致热声发动机工作在二附谐振频率模态下的影响因素。测量和分析了气体充气压力、频率以及谐振管长度对系统驱动制冷机,产生了25℃的温差。     

Waves in thermo-viscoelastic rods

Summary This paper deals with the propagation and decay of shock and acceleration waves in nonhomogeneous linear thermo-viscoelastic rods. The growth-decay laws governing the propagation of such waves is obtained. These clearly exhibit the effects of nonhomogeneity, viscous damping and thermal damping on wave amplitude. An example is treated which brings into play thermo-mechanical coupling in bending.     

Effects of an external magnetic field on thermo-acoustical waves in a linear isotropic thermo-elastic dielectric material

Summary Thermo-mechanico-electromagnetic coupled waves propagating in a linear isotropic thermo-elastic dielectric material are theoretically investigated, in case an external magnetic field is applied to the material. Here the constitutive equations derived from the Clausius-Duhem inequality and Vernotte's heat conduction law are adopted. There are three types of coupled waves: the predominantly electromagnetic wave, the predominantly mechanical transverse wave and the predominantly thermo-mechanical longitudinal wave. The first and second waves have no thermal coupling. The third wave has thermal coupling and its propagation velocity and attenuation constant are perturbed by the external magnetic field.     

Existence of longitudinal waves in anisotropic poroelastic solids

In anisotropic fluid-saturated porous solids, four waves can propagate along a general phase direction. However, solid particles in different waves may not vibrate in mutually orthogonal directions. In the propagation of each of these waves, the displacement of pore–fluid particles may not be parallel to that of solid particles. The polarization for a wave is the direction of aggregate displacement of the particles of the two constituents of a porous aggregate. These polarizations, for different waves, are not mutually orthogonal. Out of the four waves in anisotropic poroelastic medium, two are termed as quasi-longitudinal waves. The prefix ‘quasi’ refers to their polarization being nearly, but not exactly, parallel to the direction of propagation. The existence of purely longitudinal waves in an anisotropic poroelastic medium is ensured by the stationary characters of two expressions. These expressions involve the elastic (stiffness and coupling) coefficients of a porous aggregate and the components of phase direction. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of longitudinal waves are discussed for different anisotropic symmetries. Conditions are also discussed for the existence of the apparent longitudinal waves, i.e., the propagation of wave motion with the particle displacement parallel to the ray direction instead of the phase direction. A graphical solution of a numerical example is shown to check the existence of these apparent longitudinal waves for general directions of phase propagation.     

Propagation of inhomogeneous waves in anisotropic piezo-thermoelastic media

A mathematical model for the propagation of harmonic plane waves in an anisotropic piezo-thermoelastic medium is explained through three relations. Two of them relate the stress-induced harmonic variations in temperature and electric potential to mechanical displacement of material particles. The third is a system that defines modified Christoffel equations for wave propagation in the medium. The solution of this system is ensured by a quartic equation whose complex roots explain the existence and propagation of four attenuating waves in the medium. The effects of piezoelectricity and thermoelasticity on the wave propagation are analyzed in the discussion of special cases. An angle between propagation direction and direction of maximum attenuation defines the attenuated wave as inhomogeneous wave. The complex slowness vector for each of the four attenuated waves in the medium is resolved to calculate the phase velocity and the attenuation factor for its propagation as an inhomogeneous wave along a general direction in three-dimensional space. The variations in phase velocities and attenuation factors with propagation direction are computed, for a realistic numerical model.     

Wave propagation passing over a submerged porous breakwater

A linear model of waves propagating over a submerged porous breakwater is derived from two coupled boundary-value problems, each of which represents the governing equation in a different medium. The model is similar to the shallow-water equations (SWE), with a damping term proportional to the character of the porous breakwater. Therefore, waves traveling above the breakwater will be absorbed, and the amplitude decreases. The wave propagation passing over the submerged breakwater for monochromatic and solitary waves is analyzed. For monochromatic waves, the numerical solution agrees with the analytical. The amplitude decreases exponentially with respect to the space variable in the region above the breakwater. The reflected wave is also analyzed when the model is combined with a model using the shallow-water equations.     

几何非线性假设下温度大范围变化瞬态热力耦合问题研究

传统的基于几何非线性假设的瞬态热力耦合计算方法由于忽略了几何非线性对耦合项的影响,在温度随时间剧烈变化的情况下结构传热与变形之间存在的耦合关系不能被真实的反映。针对上述问题,采用Galerkin和Newmark算法建立了一种能够在几何非线性假设下精确反映温度剧烈变化情况下结构传热与变形间耦合效应的瞬态热力耦合有限元方法。通过对各向正交异性材料薄板在热环境下的动力学问题的求解验证了该方法的准确性,并基于该方法对某型高超声速飞行器热防护系统的蜂窝结构进行了瞬态热力耦合计算。结果表明:热力耦合项使温度变化产生很小的波动,导致温度变化率发生震荡,其振动幅值与耦合项相关;热力耦合项对结构振动起到衰减作用,使结构形变速度趋于衰减,其衰减程度与结构温度成正比;几何非线性假设对增大结构温度变化率振幅作用显著,并且能够增大结构振动速度,影响热结构变形大小。     

Scholte波波速和孔隙度关系的建立及实验验证

随着声学技术的快速发展,界面波在无损检测及环境参数反演领域的应用越来越广泛,但是目前理论与实践之间还存在一些差距,首先对基于Biot理论的流体饱和多孔介质声传播特性的理论进行了仿真分析,然后运用势函数结合多孔介质固体-流体边界条件建立了两半无限空间流-固界面Scholte波理论模型,最后对这一理论模型进行了实验验证。仿真结果表明:声波频率对各种波速几乎没有影响,但各种波速随孔隙度的变化较大;通过实验验证:Scholte波波速理论值与实际测量值之间的相对误差不超过0.24%。     

A 3-D,symmetric, finite element formulation of the Biot equations with application to acoustic wave propagation through an elastic porous medium

A weak solution of the coupled, acoustic-elastic, wave propagation problem for a flexible porous material is proposed for a 3-D continuum. Symmetry in the matrix equations; with respect to both volume, i.e. ‘porous frame’–‘pore fluid’, and surface, i.e. ‘porous frame/pore fluid’–‘non-porous media’, fluid–structure interaction; is ensured with only five unknowns per node; fluid pore pressure, fluid-displacement potential and three Cartesian components of the porous frame displacement field. Taking Biot's general theory as starting point, the discretized form of the equations is derived from a weighted residual statement, using a standard Galerkin approximation and iso-parametric interpolation of the dependent variables. The coupling integrals appearing along the boundary of the porous medium are derived for a number of different surface conditions. The primary application of the proposed symmetric 3-D finite element formulation is modelling of noise transmission in typical transportation vehicles, such as aircraft, cars, etc., where porous materials are used for both temperature and noise insulation purposes. As an example of an application of the implemented finite elements, the noise transmission through a double panel with porous filling and different boundary conditions at the two panel boundaries are analysed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

冷热枪状态下弹枪相互作用的热力耦合分析

为了研究在冷热枪状态下弹枪的相互作用,以某型自动步枪的铜被甲弹丸与枪管为研究对象,建立了其相互作用的热力耦合有限元模型,模型结合了考虑温度对摩擦因数影响的摩擦力子程序以及基于火药燃烧过程的内弹道载荷子程序,对弹丸温度变化及其在全枪管中的运动进行了数值仿真分析。结果表明:冷枪时,铜被甲弹丸表层升温在200℃左右;400℃及700℃的假设热枪状态下,刚完成挤进时铜被甲弹丸表层温度已经接近熔点,在膛内运动过程中表层铜材料剥落,枪管内膛会出现了"挂铜"现象;另外,热枪状态下弹丸在膛内的攻角变化明显大于冷枪状态下的攻角,不仅印证了热枪射击精度比冷枪射击精度差,也揭示了造成此现象的机理:由于高温下铜被甲圆柱部材料软化脱落,变形不规则,造成弹丸在膛内及出膛摆动增大。     

Propagation and decay of acceleration waves in thermoconsolidating media

Summary The propagation of acceleration waves in a fluid-saturated porous medium is considered. The two-phase medium is the system consisting of a porous elastic solid skeleton, filled with a viscous compressible fluid. Two types of the media are taken into account: the medium composed of definite conductors and the medium composed of non-conductors. The method of singular surfaces has been used in these considerations. The acceleration waves in the medium consisting of non-conductors are not homentropic, in general. In this paper the conditions are determined which must be fulfilled to satisfy the acceleration waves to be homentropic.The propagation conditions of the waves are formulated and analysed. As usual in such a two-phase medium two longitudinal waves and one transverse wave are propagated. The growth equations of homothermal and homentropic waves are derived, and their solutions are analysed.