基于超高Q值氟化镁晶体微腔的克尔光频梳产生研究

克尔光频梳具有等距分布的梳状光谱结构,在精密测量、光钟、相干光通信、微波和光学任意波产生、光谱学及天文光谱仪校准等方面有着重要的应用。首先,微腔光频梳与其他光频梳系统相比,具有集成性高、体积小、功耗低的优势,大大扩展了光频梳的应用;其次,通过超精密加工方法制备了品质因子Q值达到了4.8×107的氟化镁微腔,并且得到了干净规律、排列规则的谐振谱,自由频率范围为9.73 GHz,为产生低重复频率光频梳提供了条件;最后,根据实验结果结合Lugiato-Lefever方程分析了氟化镁微腔光频梳的产生过程,研究了泵浦功率对光频梳的影响,通过调整失谐参数得到了孤子态光频梳。并且通过色散调控优化了微腔的光场模式,为产生具有超光滑光谱的孤子光频梳创造了先决条件,提升了光频梳性能。     

基于光FFT的8×112Gbit/s全光OFDM光纤传输系统

采用单个激光源,通过差分马赫-曾德尔(M-Z)外 调制器产生8根等频率间隔为28GHz的光频梳,每根 光频梳彼此相干并作为光子载波,经112Gb/s偏分复用(PDM)-正交 相移键控(QPSK)信号调制后,波分复用后形成8路宽带的全光正交频分复用( OFDM)信号。接收端通过基于级联M-Z延时干涉仪(MZDI)的光学快速傅里叶变换(OFFT)实现 全光OFDM信号的解复用。 解复用后的每路信号经光采样后,采用与单载波PDM-QPSK系统中相同的数字相干解调进行 数据恢复。提出的8×112Gb/s全光OFDM系统在背靠背情况下,误码 率(BE R)为10－3时,光信噪比(OSNR)较单 载波112Gb/s PDM-QPSK系统多约9dB。8×112Gb/s全光OFDM信号经480km光纤传输后, OSNR损伤约1.6dB。仿真结果表明,全光 OFDM系统的数字相干接收机可以较容易地实现对现有单载波系统扩容,并且不影响系统的传 输性能。     

克尔微腔光频梳理论分析模型及多波长光源应用探讨

基于高品质因子微谐振腔的参量四波混频实现光学频率梳是一种新的频率梳实现方法,拓展了传统固体及非线性光纤飞秒激光器等光频梳的应用范围,在精密频率标定、天文光谱校准、任意波形产生、光学存储和孤子传输、片上通信用光源等方面具有较高的优势。本文简要总结、评述了几种主要的光频梳动力学分析模型及数值方法,以及这些不同方法的内在联系。基于描述光频梳动态行为的非线性Lugiato-Lefever方程分析了可能存在的动力学过程,并据此对不同特点光频梳进行了分类。通过设计反馈结构理论上研究了正常色散微腔和反常色散微腔的光梳特点,探讨了作为片上光互连用多波长光源应满足的条件及可能的实现途径。     

产生光频梳的新方法

光频梳是能够发射离散的、等间距频率光的光源，所以其光谱有一个典型的梳子一样的形状。频率梳正在使光谱和计量领域发生革命性变化：利用该技术的时钟在准确性上能超过原子钟，如目前用作时间标准的铯时钟。但生成一个频率梳所需的仪器化过程却很繁复，通常需要对一个庞大的飞秒激光源进行细致的稳定。目前，Del’Haye等人研究出一种与频率梳的生成有根本不同的方法：仅用一个传统的激光二极管对置于一个硅芯片上的微小碟状谐振器进行照射就可以了。     

高品质因子氧化硅微腔的制备和光频梳产生(特邀)

基于超高品质因子（Q值）和非线性光学微腔产生的光学频率梳（微腔光频梳）在大容量光通信、光学数据中心、光子神经形态运算以及大规模并行激光雷达等方面有着重要的应用。回音壁模式（WGM）微腔是研究微腔光频梳技术的一个重要平台,具有创纪录的超高Q值和超高精细度（Finesse）,能够实现超窄线宽激光、窄线宽光学频率梳,合成超低噪声的光子微波;同时也是研究腔内孤子动力学的重要平台,对掌握孤子态的光学频率梳特性起到了重要的支撑作用。利用二氧化碳（CO₂）激光器熔融氧化硅（SiO₂）石英棒制备了高Q值的WGM微腔。其自由光谱范围（FSR）在10 GHz以上,Q值达到了108。对腔的谐振和耦合理想特性进行了表征,并在开放环境下观察到微腔受潮引起的Q值退化现象,通过二次退火实现了Q值的回升。在SiO₂微腔中验证了基于非线性克尔（Kerr）效应的光学频率梳产生,其主要状态为调整不稳定性主导的低相干频率梳。同时,实验中也观察到了对应于全相干耗散孤子态频率梳的“阶跃”信号,表明目前制备的SiO₂微腔具备实现低噪声孤子光频梳的能力,并具有微腔光频梳的应用潜力。     

相干泵浦微腔光孤子基础与双光梳应用（特邀）

光学孤子是指一种通过非线性折射率势阱维持脉冲形状不变的光波,它广泛存在于光纤、飞秒激光器、参量振荡器等系统中。近年来,人们在相干泵浦下的高Q值微腔中也观测到了光孤子,这为研究光孤子性质提供了新的实验平台。又因为微腔光孤子在频域上对应高重频的光学频率梳,微腔光孤子的诞生也极大地推动了小型化光学频率梳的发展。微腔光孤子频率梳已经可以实现自参考锁定;这使得片上集成的光频合成器、光原子钟、波分复用光源、微腔光谱仪、微腔激光雷达等众多应用成为了可能。文中介绍了微腔光孤子的产生基础,特别是光孤子相互作用相关的研究,还讨论了基于微腔的双光梳测量在高速成像与中红外气体光谱分析上的应用。     

新型功能化光纤微腔光频梳

微腔光频梳以其独特的时频输出特性和集成化优势，正逐渐成为当代信息系统的基石。近期，全光纤的微腔光频梳迎来了新的进展。来自电子科技大学和南京大学的研究者们，以超高Q值光纤法珀谐振腔为载体，实现了激光、克尔和布里渊光频梳的产生。凭借其低损耗、可调谐、强稳定的独特优势，将有望在服务光纤系统的正时、通信、微波和感知应用中发挥新的潜力。     

基于偏振复用技术的光频梳研究

为提高光频梳带宽和谱线平坦度,设计了一种基于偏振复用和电吸收调制(EAM)技术的光频梳产生方 案。通过调整EAM 参数产生除中心载波外的高平坦度光频梳,再结合偏振复用技术优化中心载波峰值功率,使得光频 梳带宽整体提升一倍。文中讨论了相关参数对光频梳平坦度的影响,利用Optisystem 软件搭建了基于该方案的微波频 率可调载波重用全双工光载无线系统(RoF)。研究结果表明,在下行链路中当误码率为10-9 时,传输10 km 与背靠背 传输相比功率代价仅为0.42 dB。     

用飞秒锁模激光测量光的频率

介绍了2005年诺贝尔物理学奖的获奖工作-用锁模飞秒激光光梳去测量光的频率.飞秒激光光梳技术大大简化了光频的测量.锁模飞秒激光通过光子晶体光纤时,由于自相位调制,在可见光和近红外区能够产生上百万等间隔的梳状频率,其频率间隔等于锁模脉冲的重复率.利用光频梳和倍频技术,把对光频的测量变为对射频的测量,这样就能够很容易地测出光的频率.使得光频测量精度和原子钟精度达到前所未有的高度,从而对物理学和计量学的发展有重要意义.     

基于集中式OFC的DWDM光纤无线接入系统

提出了一个千兆容量的光纤无线系统,该系统通过使用一个集中式光学频率梳(optical frequency comb,OFC),能够应用于高速无线网和密集波分复用(DWDM)接入网之间,每个DWDM用户可以同时获得有线和无线服务,通过该系统传输速率为2.5Gb/s的信号,成功实现了在有线25km单模光纤和6m无线60GHz频段的信号传输,系统传输误码率低于2×10-3。     

集成电光频率梳研究进展（特邀）

光学频率梳是由一系列离散且等间隔分布的频率成分所组成的光谱结构,作为光谱分析的天然刻度尺,其已广泛应用于光谱学、精密测量、光通信、传感等多个领域。光学频率梳根据其产生技术可分为基于锁模激光器的光学频率梳、克尔微腔光学频率梳、电光频率梳。电光频率梳由于其频率间隔可调、梳齿功率较高、可实现微波到光波的转换等优势,得到了充分发展。但传统电光频率梳的产生器件存在体积大、功耗高的缺点,限制了其进一步应用。随着微纳加工技术的不断发展,越来越多的材料应用于片上集成光学器件,包括硅、氮化硅、氮化铝、磷化铟、铌酸锂、砷化铝镓等。集成电光频率梳器件具有体积小、功耗低等优势,是构建光电集成芯片的重要器件。文中旨在对集成电光频率梳的研究现状进行综述,首先介绍光学频率梳的类型,并详细论述电光频率梳的产生机制;其次介绍产生集成电光频率梳的材料平台、相应的光梳性能指标及其应用;最后基于目前集成电光频率梳领域存在的问题,对未来的研究趋势做出展望。     

中红外光学频率梳:进展与应用（特邀）

光学频率梳是一种宽谱的相干光源,由一系列等频率间隔的离散谱线组成,具有超高的时频精度。自诞生以来,光学频率梳为精密光谱学、光学测量、相干光通信、光时钟等多种应用的发展带来了革命性的变化。近年来,研究人员通过新型激光增益介质、非线性频率转换和微谐振腔等技术将频率梳扩展到中红外光谱区域(2~20 μm),进一步扩大了光频梳的应用范围。文中全面介绍了中红外光频率梳的产生机制、最新进展及应用。     

Recent progress in integrated electro-optic frequency comb generation

Optical frequency combs have emerged as an important tool enabling diverse applications from test-and-measurement,including spectroscopy,metrology,precision distance measurement,sensing,as well as optical and microwave waveform synthesis,signal processing,and communications.Several techniques exist to generate optical frequency combs,such as mode-locked lasers,Kerr micro-resonators,and electro-optic modulation.Important characteristics of optical frequency combs include the number of comb lines,their spacing,spectral shape and/or flatness,and intensity noise.While mode-locked lasers and Kerr micro-resonators can be used to obtain a large number of comb lines compared to electro-optic modulation,the latter provides increased flexibility in tuning the comb spacing.For some applications in optical communications and microwave photonics,a high degree of integration may be more desirable over a very large number of comb lines.In this paper,we review recent progress on integrated electro-optic frequency comb generators,including those based on indium phosphide,lithium niobate,and silicon photonics.     

Fully programmable ring-resonator-based integrated photonic circuit for phase coherent applications

A novel ring-resonator-based integrated photonic chip with ultrafine frequency resolution, providing programmable, stable, and accurate optical-phase control is demonstrated. The ability to manipulate the optical phase of the individual frequency components of a signal is a powerful tool for optical communications, signal processing, and RF photonics applications. As a demonstration of the power of these components, we report their use as programmable spectral-phase encoders (SPEs) and decoders for wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM)-compatible optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA). Most important for the application here, the high resolution of these ring-resonator circuits makes possible the independent control of the optical phase of the individual tightly spaced frequency lines of a mode-locked laser (MLL). This unique approach allows us to limit the coded signal's spectral bandwidth, thereby allowing for high spectral efficiency (compared to other OCDMA systems) and compatibility with existing WDM systems with a rapidly reconfigurable set of codes. A four-user OCDMA system using polarization multiplexing is shown to operate at data rates of 2.5 Gb/s within a 40-GHz transparent optical window with a bit error rate (BER) better than 10/sup -9/ and a spectral efficiency of 25%.     

氮化硅集成微腔光频梳器件关键制备技术(特邀)

微腔光频梳,又称微腔梳,是通过腔内四波混频过程产生的一种高相干宽谱的集成光源,有着优异的时频特性,可用于超精密分子光谱、相干通信、激光雷达、轻型化装备等测量应用,是基础科学、计量学及军事装备的重要工具,是一项颠覆性的技术。报道了一种集成氮化硅（Si₃N₄）微腔光频梳器件制备的关键技术,提出了一种方法平衡Si₃N₄的应力、厚度和化学计量之间的矛盾,以满足反常色散和减少双光子吸收的要求。利用这种改进的大马士革工艺微结构降低Si₃N₄厚膜的应力,减少应力缺陷对器件性能的影响,实现高品质Si₃N₄薄膜的可控制备。在微腔刻蚀工艺中,采用30 nm氧化铝牺牲层补偿掩模抗刻蚀能力,实现微环和波导侧壁粗糙度小于15 nm,满足了微腔高Q值的要求。经双光泵浦测量得到1 480~1 640 nm波段内的宽光谱高相干克尔光频梳。     

Modulation characteristic of waveguide-type optical frequency combgenerator

We report the modulation characteristics of a waveguide-type optical frequency comb generator (WG-OFCG) with the advantages of compactness, high modulation index and low driving power. The characteristics of the optical frequency comb (OFC) generated when the modulation index exceeds 2π are discussed. The power of the modulation sidebands was measured by the optical heterodyne method with an external-cavity laser as a local oscillator. The dependence of the modulation index of the WG-OFCG on the modulation frequency up to 40 GHz was measured. The generation span of the OFC at the modulation frequency detuned from an integer multiple of the free spectral range (FSR) is discussed     

High-performance compact optical WDM transceiver module for passivedouble star subscriber systems

High-performance transceiver-type optical WDM interface modules with a volume of only 36 cc have been developed for PDS subscriber systems. The new module comprises an optical WDM sub-module, hybrid-integrated transmitter and receiver circuits. In the WDM sub-module, a planar lightwave circuit chip was hermetically sealed together with laser and photodiode chips in order to minimize the size of the transceiver module. The lightwave circuit was formed on an optical-waveguide chip by adopting a high-silica based optical-waveguide technology. The circuit has a 3-dB directional coupler for bi-directional transmission with a 1.3-μm wavelength through a single fiber and a wavelength division multiplexer between both 1.3-μm and 1.55-μm wavelengths. The overall characteristics of the fabricated WDM sub-module achieved were a responsitivity of 0.25±0.05 A/W, an insertion loss approximately 3 dB at 1.55 μm and an isolation of 35 dB between both wavelengths. Optical output power of the fabricated transceiver module was -3.8 dBm. Also, receiver sensitivity of less than -35 dBm with an overload of over -14 dBm were obtained by introducing high-speed automatic gain and threshold control techniques. Thus, an allowable span loss of over 30 dB and an optical dynamic range of over 20 dB were attained. The preamble bit length required to reach stable receiver operation was confirmed to be within three bits     

Frequency stabilisation of FDM optical signals by time division multiplexing

A new frequency stabilisation scheme for FDM optical signals is proposed. The laser diodes are frequency-locked to comb resonances of a Fabry-Perot interferometer by time division multiplexing. In the demonstration experiment with two laser diodes, a frequency stability of the order of 10/sup -10/ in the Allan variance (10s integration time) has been achieved.<>