乳腺钼靶X线肿块检测及分割方法

乳腺癌临床中最常见的病理征象是可疑的钙化点及肿块,钙化点的检测技术已经相对成熟,而对肿块进行检测及分割仍是众多学者研究的热点。首先简要介绍了乳腺癌的研究意义、现状及常用的乳腺X线图像库;其次针对目前乳腺肿块的热点研究,重点综述了最新的常用于乳腺肿块检测及分割的方法,对这些方法进行归类,并给出不同方法的优缺点;最后总结并讨论了乳腺X线图像中肿块检测及分割的发展趋势。     

乳腺X线图像计算机辅助诊断技术综述

近年来,乳腺癌严重威胁全球女性的身体健康,乳腺X线摄影是乳腺癌筛查的有效影像检查手段.乳腺X线图像计算机辅助诊断(computer aided diagnosis,CAD)运用计算机视觉、图像处理、机器学习等人工智能先进技术,自动分析处理乳腺X线图像,可为医生在临床中提供重要的诊断参考.主要面向肿块和微钙化病变检测、分...     

双侧特征融合的乳腺肿块检测

乳腺癌是妇女最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,面向乳腺钼靶X线图像的计算机辅助肿块检测技术可以帮助影像科医师早期发现乳腺病变.针对于单侧的乳腺肿块检测中准确率有待提升的问题,提出双侧特征融合的乳腺肿块检测算法.首先,进行图像预处理,并利用相干点漂移完成乳腺轮廓配准;然后,利用配准得到的变换矩阵获得双侧乳腺感兴趣区域,再在其中提取左右侧乳腺的单侧特征向量和双侧对比特征向量,从而建立融合的特征模型,并采用遗传选择算法对特征向量进行特征选择;最后利用极限学习机基于选择后的特征进行乳腺肿块检测.实验结果表明,与传统的基于单侧的乳腺肿块检测算法相比,文中算法能有效地提高检测准确率.     

乳腺X线图像肿块分割研究

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤疾病。肿块是乳腺癌一个很重要的征象。首先描述乳腺癌的研究现状,接着介绍了乳腺X线图像库,然后从以下四类对乳腺钼靶X线图像中的肿块分割技术进行综述:基于阈值的分割技术、基于区域的分割技术、基于特定理论的分割技术和基于模型的分割技术,最后对乳腺X线图像中肿块分割的发展前景进行讨论。     

基于注意力机制的乳腺X线摄影分类方法

环境的日益恶化导致癌症的发病率不断升高,2018年全球乳腺癌的发病率在所有癌症中已经位居首位。乳腺X线摄影价格实惠且易于操作,目前被认作是最好的乳腺癌筛查方法,也是早期发现乳腺癌最有效的方法。针对乳腺X线摄影不容易分辨、特征不明显等特点,提出了基于RNN+CNN的注意力记忆网络对其进行分类。注意力记忆网络包含注意力记忆模块和卷积残差模块。注意力记忆模块中,注意力模块提取乳腺X线摄影的特征,记忆模块在RNN网络加入注意力权重来模拟人对所提取关键信息的重点突出;卷积残差模块使用CNN对图像进行分类。该方法创新之处在于：提出注意力记忆网络用于乳腺X线摄影图像分类;所设计网络在RNN+CNN结构上引入注意力权重,提取图像关键信息以增强特征描述。在乳腺X线摄影INbreast数据集上的实验结果显示,注意力记忆网络的运行时间比预训练的Inceptionv2、ResNet50、VGG16网络少50%以上,同时达到更高的分类准确率。     

乳腺肿块的自动检测研究

乳腺X线图像中肿块的检测对医生诊断乳腺癌有很好的辅助作用,可极大降低漏诊率和误诊率.目前已提出的支持向量机肿块检测方法可获得较高的准确率,但检测速度慢、效率低,不适于临床应用.为解决上述问题,提出自核相关向量机的肿块检测方法,可在训练时能自动学习核参数,并且使用了更加稀疏的模型,可极大提高肿块检测效率.上述方法在Mini-MIAS(Mammographic Image Analysis Society)乳腺图像库和北京大学人民医院乳腺中心乳腺图像集上进行验证,实验结果表明相比支持向量机的肿块检测方法,具有更高的准确率,同时极大提高了检测速度,而且对不同结构特性的乳腺具有更强的鲁棒性,更具有临床应用价值.     

多视角乳腺X线图像匹配方法综述

乳腺X线摄影术是目前乳腺疾病的主要检查方式之一,采用图像处理与模式识别的方法对乳腺X线图像进行分析,可以辅助医生发现漏检的病变,识别出假阳性组织,有效降低漏诊率和误诊率。基于图像处理的方法应模拟医生阅片机制,因而基于多视角的乳腺癌检测与分类方法更加适合临床的要求。多视角乳腺癌检测的基础是确定不同视角图像间的匹配关系,本文较为全面地讨论了乳腺X线图像多视角匹配方法。首先对现有乳头检测和胸肌分割方法进行回顾,并对比分析了不同方法之间的优缺点;然后讨论了现有双视角匹配以及双边匹配方法;最后对现有匹配方法存在的问题进行分析,并提出了改善措施。      

改进Xception模型的乳腺钼靶图像识别研究

乳腺X线摄影技术是早期发现乳腺癌的主要方法,但其结果很大程度上受放射科医师临床诊断经验的限制;基于卷积神经网络对乳腺钼靶图像自动分类的研究可以为放射科医师临床诊断提供意见,然而乳腺癌肿块边缘模糊且良恶性肿块特征差异较小,分类任务面临重重挑战;为了提高乳腺钼靶图像分类的准确率,提出一种基于Xception模型的改进优化算法,改进模型中的残差连接模块,并嵌入Squeeze-and-excitation（SE）注意力机制对模型进行优化;采用优化后的Xception模型并结合迁移学习算法进行乳腺钼靶图像特征提取,并优化全连接层网络进行图像分类,使用公开的乳腺癌图像数据库CBIS-DDSM进行实验,将乳腺钼靶图像自动分为良性和恶性;实验结果表明该方法可以有效提高模型的分类效果,准确率和AUC分别达到了97.46%和99.12%。     

基于深度学习乳腺X线摄影钙化识别分类模型的临床应用价值

【目的】引入基于深度学习乳腺X线摄影钙化识别及分类模型,探讨深度学习技术对钙化灶的准确识别、分类和临床应用价值。【方法】采用多中心乳腺X线检查数据,分别由高-初级诊断医生及两名初级诊断医生采用不结合及结合深度学习模型进行病灶评估,评价其诊断效能。【结果】引入深度学习模型识别钙化灶能力与高-初级诊断医生及两名初级诊断医生识别钙化灶能力相仿（漏检率分别为0.81%vs.0.65%,1.14%vs.1.63%,P>0.05）,深度学习模型能够有效帮助高-初级诊断医生(灵敏度0.926,AUC0.81,P=0.014)及两名初级诊断医生（灵敏度0.896,AUC0.79,P=0.049）检出可疑恶性钙化灶,特别是在良性病变中的准确率提升作用明显。【局限】仍需更多前瞻性多中心数据验证模型稳健性,也需引入不同深度学习模型比较其临床应用价值。【结论】深度学习模型有助于乳腺X线摄影钙化识别及分类评估,有助于乳腺癌大规模筛查背景下提供辅助诊断及临床策略支持。     

改进标记分水岭的乳腺X线图像肿块检测方法

乳腺X线图像肿块大小不一,固定参数的传统标记分水岭算法无法实现乳腺X线图像肿块的有效检测。针对此问题,文中提出了一种结合形状特征和改进型标记分水岭的乳腺X线图像肿块检测方法。在计算前景标记时,结合标记的形状特征判定前景标记,通过对前景标记进行形态学膨胀并提取边缘以获得背景标记,利用改进型自适应参数标记分水岭算法实现肿块检测。实验结果表明,文中算法通过结合形状特征,自适应地选择合适的形态学参数,使得肿块检测准确率高于传统标记分水岭算法。     

Breast cancer diagnosis system based on wavelet analysis and fuzzy-neural

The high incidence of breast cancer in women has increased significantly in the recent years. The most familiar breast tumors types are mass and microcalcification. Mammograms—breast X-ray—are considered the most reliable method in early detection of breast cancer. Computer-aided diagnosis system can be very helpful for radiologist in detection and diagnosing abnormalities earlier and faster than traditional screening programs. Several techniques can be used to accomplish this task. In this paper, two techniques are proposed based on wavelet analysis and fuzzy-neural approaches. These techniques are mammography classifier based on globally processed image and mammography classifier based on locally processed image (region of interest). The system is classified normal from abnormal, mass for microcalcification and abnormal severity (benign or malignant). The evaluation of the system is carried out on Mammography Image Analysis Society (MIAS) dataset. The accuracy achieved is satisfied.     

Performance evaluation of a region growing procedure for mammographic breast lesion identification

At present, mammography is the most effective examination for an early diagnosis of breast cancer. Nevertheless, the detection of cancer signs in mammograms is a difficult procedure owing to the great number of non-pathological structures which are also present in the image. Recent statistics show that in current breast cancer screenings 10%-25% of the tumors are missed by the radiologists. For this reason, a lot of research is currently being done to develop systems for Computer Aided Detection (CADe). Probably, some causes of the false-negative screening examinations are that tumoral masses have varying dimension and irregular shape, their borders are often ill-defined and their contrast is very low, thus making difficult the discrimination from parenchymal structures. Therefore, in a CADe system a preliminary segmentation procedure has to be implemented in order to separate the mass from the background tissue. In this way, various characteristics of the segmented mass can be evaluated and used in a classification step to discriminate benign and malignant cases. In this paper, we describe an effective algorithm for massive lesions segmentation based on a region-growing technique and we provide full details the performance evaluation procedure used in this specific context.     

Computer aided detection system for micro calcifications in digital mammograms

Breast cancer continues to be a significant public health problem in the world. Early detection is the key for improving breast cancer prognosis. Mammogram breast X-ray is considered the most reliable method in early detection of breast cancer. However, it is difficult for radiologists to provide both accurate and uniform evaluation for the enormous mammograms generated in widespread screening. Micro calcification clusters (MCCs) and masses are the two most important signs for the breast cancer, and their automated detection is very valuable for early breast cancer diagnosis. The main objective is to discuss the computer-aided detection system that has been proposed to assist the radiologists in detecting the specific abnormalities and improving the diagnostic accuracy in making the diagnostic decisions by applying techniques splits into three-steps procedure beginning with enhancement by using Histogram equalization (HE) and Morphological Enhancement, followed by segmentation based on Otsu's threshold the region of interest for the identification of micro calcifications and mass lesions, and at last classification stage, which classify between normal and micro calcifications ‘patterns and then classify between benign and malignant micro calcifications. In classification stage; three methods were used, the voting K-Nearest Neighbor classifier (K-NN) with prediction accuracy of 73%, Support Vector Machine classifier (SVM) with prediction accuracy of 83%, and Artificial Neural Network classifier (ANN) with prediction accuracy of 77%.     

Approaches for automated detection and classification of masses in mammograms

Breast cancer continues to be a significant public health problem in the world. Early detection is the key for improving breast cancer prognosis. Mammography has been one of the most reliable methods for early detection of breast carcinomas. However, it is difficult for radiologists to provide both accurate and uniform evaluation for the enormous mammograms generated in widespread screening. The estimated sensitivity of radiologists in breast cancer screening is only about 75%, but the performance would be improved if they were prompted with the possible locations of abnormalities. Breast cancer CAD systems can provide such help and they are important and necessary for breast cancer control. Microcalcifications and masses are the two most important indicators of malignancy, and their automated detection is very valuable for early breast cancer diagnosis. Since masses are often indistinguishable from the surrounding parenchymal, automated mass detection and classification is even more challenging. This paper discusses the methods for mass detection and classification, and compares their advantages and drawbacks.     

Multi-view information fusion in mammograms: A comprehensive overview

In the framework of computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer, many systems were designed for the detection, the classification and/or the content-based mammogram retrieval (CBMR); in order to serve as a second source of decision for the radiologists. Nevertheless, to improve the final decision-making, the concept of multi-view information fusion (MVIF) was recently introduced. Indeed, this concept has been successfully applied in the context of breast cancer, since screening mammography provides two views for each breast: MedioLateral-Oblique (MLO) and CranioCaudal (CC) views. As these two views are complementary, MVIF methods widely proved their effectiveness. In this paper, we review the main methods that have been proposed for MVIF in the context of the detection (abnormality vs. non abnormality), the classification (normal vs. benign vs. malignant) and the content-based retrieval of mammograms. In fact, we classified detection based on MVIF methods into two main sub-classes, including ipsilateral analysis and bilateral analysis. Besides, classification based on MVIF methods were regrouped into two sub-classes, namely classification of breast masses based on MVIF and classification of breast microcalcifications based on MVIF. Lastly, CBMR based on MVIF methods were also classified into two sub-classes: early fusion-based MVIF-CBMR and late fusion-based MVIF-CBMR.     

基于Kmean和ELM的乳腺肿块检测方法

肿块是乳腺癌在X线图像上的一个主要表现。提出了一种肿块自动检测算法。该方法包括四个步骤：在图像预处理阶段,去除背景、标记、胸肌和噪声,图像分割和图像增强;利用Kmean方法找到感兴趣区域（ROI）;提取能够表征肿块的特征;利用极限学习机（Extreme Learning Machine,ELM）分类器去除假阳性,将图像中的肿块和非肿块分离开来。通过对MIAS数据库中乳腺X线图像的测试实验,得到的检测肿块的准确率为93.5%。     

Microcalcification detection using fuzzy logic and scale space approaches

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of women mortality in the world. Since the causes are unknown, breast cancer cannot be prevented. It is difficult for radiologists to provide both accurate and uniform evaluation over the enormous number of mammograms generated in widespread screening. Computer-aided mammography diagnosis is an important and challenging task. Microcalcifications and masses are the early signs of breast carcinomas and their detection is one of the key issues for breast cancer control. In this study, a novel approach to microcalcification detection based on fuzzy logic and scale space techniques is presented. First, we employ fuzzy entropy principal and fuzzy set theory to fuzzify the images. Then, we enhance the fuzzified image. Finally, scale-space and Laplacian-of-Gaussian filter techniques are used to detect the sizes and locations of microcalcifications. A free-response operating characteristic curve is used to evaluate the performance. The major advantage of the proposed method is its ability to detect microcalcifications even in the mammograms of very dense breasts. A data set of 40 mammograms (Nijmegen database) containing 105 clusters of microcalcifications is studied. Experimental results demonstrate that the microcalcifications can be accurately and efficiently detected using the proposed approach. It can produce lower false positives and false negatives than the existing methods.     

Breast cancer image assessment using an adaptative network-based fuzzy inference system

In Brazil breast cancer is the foremost cause of fatality by cancer for women. Given that the causes are unidentified, it cannot be prevented. Mammography is one of the most reliable exams for breast cancer detection and it is based on image analysis by radiologists. Early detection is the key issue for breast cancer control and computer-aided diagnosis system can help ra diologists in detection and diagnosing breast abnormalities. Hybrid neuro-fuzzy systems are suitable for pattern recognition tasks and therefore useful for medical diagnosis support through pattern identification in mammographic images. This study presents an Adaptative Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) that classifies the mammographic images calcification region of interest as benign or malign and provides an important tool for breast cancer image assessment. The ANFIS model, utilized in the mammogram region of interest’s classification phase, reached a maximum accuracy rate of 99.75%.