面向机械产品专利规避的功能裁剪路径研究

专利日益成为知识产权战略下最重要的竞争性要素,掌握核心专利的企业通过设置专利壁垒阻碍后来者的竞争,因此如何针对专利技术进行创新设计,以突破专利壁垒将十分必要。为保障创新设计既为有效创新设计又不侵犯现有专利技术,考虑到功能裁剪与专利规避原则的契合性,首先基于专利制度约束与功能模型建立了专利权利范围;其次,基于不同专利规避原则对功能裁剪路径进行了研究;最后,基于专利规避前端设计准则,提出了完整的创新设计流程,并通过管道机器人实例验证了方法的有效性。     

[数据驱动的产品设计]基于复杂网络的专利数据驱动的产品创新设计

为了解决已有专利辅助产品设计研究方面存在的问题,提出了基于复杂网络的专利数据驱动产品创新设计方法。通过构建专利分类号共现网络,结合网络度中心性算法对分类号节点重要性进行评价,找出关键分类号。对分类号相关专利进行分析,并抽取原理知识,利用形态学矩阵构建功能原理映射关系,结合频繁子图中的apriori关联规则算法计算原理组合的支持度,以获取最佳组合方案,同时利用组合方案相关专利提取结构关键词,建立专利结构网络,结合结构洞挖掘关键元件,并开展产品创新设计。以卫浴花洒作为研究实例,找出混合其他物质功能作为设计需求,通过挖掘相关专利的原理,发明了一款带有可调节功能的新型混合花洒,验证该方法的有效性。     

基于语义关联的专利有害性能知识挖掘研究

为向产品设计过程提供更加丰富的知识来源,进一步获取专利深层信息,提出了基于语义关联的专利有害性能知识挖掘方法。首先,对产品有害性能进行定义和分类,据此对产品专利分布以及语义特点进行分析;其次,结合行业专利全文信息,引入word2vec算法构建文本向量空间,并利用余弦算法计算不同单词的语义距离,进而实现同义词合并;再次,利用词性组合以及依存关系获取行业专利技术背景中有害性能关键词,结合四种分类规则获取结构对象与有害性能的关联关系,并构建有害性能数据库;最后,针对设计方案元件关键词,检索关联有害性能知识,结合频次公式计算元件不同有害性能发生的概率。选择国内花洒产品专利为应用实例,与其他三种算法进行比较,验证了所提方法的可行性及有效性。     

A hybrid method for product low-end disruptive innovation

Product innovation is often a process for improving existing products. Low-end disruptive innovation (LDI) enables a product to meet the most price-sensitive customers in the low-end market. The existing LDI methods are mainly based on unnecessary characteristics of disruptive innovations. Thus, they cannot easily identify and respond to the LDI design needs. This study proposes a hybrid method for the product LDI in two levels of the product design based on the summarized definition and essential characteristics of LDI. Feasible areas of the product LDI are determined using a hybrid relational function model to identify the maturity of dominant technologies. The technologies are identified through the technical search and evaluation of the feasible area for innovation to form an initial LDI scheme. Then, the product function is optimized using the trimming concept of theory of inventive problem solving based on the characteristics of LDI. The final LDI scheme is formed and evaluated based on the essential characteristics of the product LDI. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified in the design of a new dropping pill machine.     

基于价值工程的产品创新研究对象的分析与评价

产品是企业的生命,而产品创新是推动企业发展的内在动力。产品创新研究对象的准确分析与确定是实现产品创新的关键。针对产品创新方案设计中创新对象难于准确选择的问题,提出了以功能评价系数确定算法为基础,以价值为评价尺度的产品创新研究对象的选择方法。通过对系统内各构成元素的定量评价,有层次地选择产品创新研究对象,为设计人员指明产品改进的方向。最后介绍了该方法在经济型加工中心方案设计中的应用。     

基于专利与TRIZ集成的产品创新与优化设计

针对如何利用专利知识信息帮助设计者对产品结构进行创新和优化的问题,提出了基于专利分析法和TRIZ的产品结构创新与优化设计流程.该流程首先通过对专利库的检索,获取符合功能与性能要求的专利文献,并对这些专利进行定量分析,获取对研究有价值的专利;再提取各专利的"功能-原理-结构"关系,运用专利定性分析法,获取各功能最优解决方...     

装载机技术成熟度预测及发展趋势探讨

技术成熟度预测有助于企业对产品技术进行改进或创新,提高企业竞争能力.提出将发明问题的解决(TRIZ)理论的S曲线与装载机专利数据测算结合起来,优势互补,进行装载机技术成熟度的预测.在分析装载机整体技术进化路线成熟度预测的基础上,对装载机关键子系统技术专利进行分析,并探讨了基于技术预测的装载机技术发展方向.     

产品创新概念设计集成过程模型应用研究

通过集成不同的设计方法,如发明问题冲突解决理论、约束理论(Theory of constraints, TOC)、未预见发现(Unexpected discovery, UXD)、类比设计(Analogy-based design, ABD)等,建立一种产品创新概念设计集成过程模型,并分析产品需求。利用约束设计理论与发明问题解决理论(Theory of inventive problem solving,TRIZ)方法相结合来发现、确定并解决产品冲突;再利用类比设计将获得的UXD结果作用于驱动跨领域知识创新构想产生,进而确定领域内的产品冲突,获得了系统原理解或产品创新方案。以水力旋流器为例对该集成过程模型进行应用研究,提高了产品创新设计效率。     

异类产品专利激发设计灵感的方法

为辅助产品创新设计,分析了可能用于获取异类产品专利的现有方法存在的问题,提出了一种特别有利于高效获取关联异类产品专利的新方法——关联拓展法。进而提出了从获取的异类产品专利识别和提取灵感激发因素的方法,建立了借助于异类产品专利激发设计灵感的过程模型。最后,以冲击钻的创新设计为例,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

产品自组织进化创新中的本体知识体系

知识的组织和表达是产品创新开发领域中研究的热点问题.论述产品创新的自组织进化设计原理和方法.分析设计本体的概念,建立产品创新开发的本体知识体系.通过设计本体的实例化,实现本体知识共享和重用,支持产品的自组织进化创新.在基于知识的工程环境下,构建产品自组织进化创新知识库系统,实现断路器机构系统的创新开发.应用实例表明了产品创新开发知识本体表达与组织的有效性和实用性.     

基于预期失效分析的伞型专利组合规避设计

寻求专利保护是企业发展的基本专利战略。一类由互补性专利组成的伞型专利组合是通过挖掘同一产品系统存在或潜在的更多技术问题而形成的具有互补技术特征的系列专利方案,通过更大的专利权利保护范围实现对同一产品系统的全方位保护。预期失效分析(Antucupatory failure determination,AFD)作为在发明问题解决算法(Algorithm for inventive-problem solving,ARIZ)中理想解和冲突的基础上发展起来的失效预测分析工具,成为发现失效问题的一种相对成熟的方法,能挖掘现有的产品系统各方面的问题以及预测尚未发现的问题。提出通过伞型专利组合分析、失效分析、TRIZ工具解决问题、专利性评价四个步骤组成的基于AFD的伞型专利组合规避设计,首先通过对规避对象产品系统进行专利组合分析,标定对象产品系统的专利权利范围,为创新设计设定了界限并提供了研究线索;其次,运用AFD进行失效分析和失效预测,确定系统已存及可能的失效点;再次,通过应用TRIZ方法产生出创造性的解决方案;最后,利用专利实质授权条件评价筛选方案并进行专利申请。应用该流程对一种擦窗机器人进行创新案例分析,形成具有自主知识产权的创新设计方案。     

CONCURRENT PRODUCT PORTFOLIO PLANNING AND MIXED PRODUCT ASSEMBLY LINE BALANCING

Reconfigurable products and manufacturing systems have enabled manufacturers to provide "cost effective" variety to the market. In spite of these new technologies, the expense of manufacturing makes it infeasible to supply all the possible variants to the market for some industries. Therefore, the determination of the right number of product variants to offer in the product portfolios becomes an important consideration. The product portfolio planning problem had been independently well studied from marketing and engineering perspectives. However, advantages can be gained from using a concurrent marketing and engineering approach. Concurrent product development strategies specifically for reconfigurable products and manufacturing systems can allow manufacturers to select best product portfolios from marketing, product design and manufacturing perspectives. A methodology for the concurrent design of a product portfolio and assembly system is presented. The objective of the concurrent product portfolio planning and assembly system design problem is to obtain the product variants that will make up the product portfolio such that oversupply of optional modules is minimized and the assembly line efficiency is maximized. Explicit design of the assembly system is obtained during the solution of the problem. It is assumed that the demand for optional modules and the assembly times for these modules are known a priori. A genetic algorithm is used in the solution of the problem. The basic premise of this methodology is that the selected product portfolio has a significant impact on the solution of the assembly line balancing problem. An example is used to validate this hypothesis. The example is then further developed to demonstrate how the methodology can be used to obtain the optimal product portfolio. This approach is intended for use by manufacturers during the early design stages of product family design.     

利用专利技术知识进行机械产品创新设计初探

机械产品的创新设计需要创新性知识,而专利技术知识是创新性知识的重要资源。对专利技术知识的重要性进行了新认识,并初步探讨了如何有效获取专利技术知识和解决专利技术知识的冲突以进行机械产品创新设计。最后,用一实例对本文观点加以说明。     

融合RE与BID的产品创新方法研究及应用

针对已有产品的再创新、创新方法选用及创新方向的明确性等问题,提出一种融合逆向工程(Reverse engineering,RE)和生物启发设计(Bio-inspired design,BID)的产品创新过程模型。首先,通过RE对已有产品进行分析,经过结构分解、行为匹配及功能构建等步骤,建立其功能模型;其次,以该模型为基础,搜集产品用户需求,通过需求进化分析、需求重要度计算及功能进化,得到产品概念的功能再创新,进而组合出产品新功能待求解模型;最后,以生物系统逆向工程建模方法为基础,搜索并整理生物案例。利用所建立的生物启发设计辅助系统求解产品新功能,得到产品再创新方案。以方舱医院医护人员用防护服为例,验证了RE与BID融合的产品创新方法具有较好的可行性。     

A new technique to escape local minimum in artificial potential field based path planning

The artificial potential field (APF) methods provide simple and efficient motion planners for practical purposes. However, these methods have a local minimum problem, which can trap an object before reaching its goal. The local minimum problem is sometimes inevitable when an object moves in unknown environments, because the object cannot predict local minima before it detects obstacles forming the local minima. The avoidance of local minima has been an active research topic in the potential field based path planing. In this study, we propose a new concept using a virtual obstacle to escape local minima that occur in local path planning. A virtual obstacle is located around local minima to repel an object from local minima. We also propose the discrete modeling method for the modeling of arbitrary shaped objects used in this approach. This modeling method is adaptable for real-time path planning because it is reliable and provides lower complexity.     

Personalization for Massive Product Innovation Using Open Architecture

Product innovation is creation of new concepts to plan and realize technological and functional details in the product to satisfy market and customer needs. One of the key drivers to product innovation is reactions of the product to users' needs. Product innovation needs a cognitive design method based on needs of variant users for the product personalization. In this paper, an open concept is introduced to provide ways to meet user's individual need in product lifespan. It is for industries to propose product concepts based on open sources, develop and support the product on the public capability. Using the open concept in the product architecture, called open?architecture product(OAP), can improve the product personalization leading to massive product innovation. To promote this promise of the OAP, effective methods are discussed for the OAP development. This paper introduces research on OAPs using adaptable design methods to meet product personalization. Adaptable design is based on the modular structure for product adaptability using function modules and adaptable interfaces. The proposed method provides solutions for planning modules and implementation of OAPs. Methods of OAP module planning, detail and interface design are described for transformation of product concepts into physical structures. A multiple?purpose electrical car is developed in a case study to show effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于专利的工艺冲突矩阵挖掘方法研究

为了辅助工艺人员进行工艺创新,提出了一种基于专利的工艺冲突矩阵挖掘方法.首先对工艺专利进行分类处理并建立工艺问题库和工艺问题解决方案库,然后利用特征词提取算法对专利文本进行工艺冲突参数的挖掘,并充分考虑领域内工艺方法的贡献作用,再利用核聚类算法进行工艺冲突和工艺冲突解决原理的挖掘,建立工艺冲突矩阵.最后以车削外圆类专利为实例,验证了此方法的有效性.     

机械产品专利技术方案信息抽取方法

专利因其创新性和实用性的特点成为概念设计的重要知识资源,结构化专利技术方案信息抽取是专利设计原理知识挖掘的基础工作。针对机械产品专利,描述了面向概念设计知识需求的专利技术方案概念模型,将专利技术方案信息抽取任务分解为技术组件抽取和技术关系抽取两部分。研究专利信息抽取知识库建设,利用非确定有限状态自动机识别技术组件,采用专业术语词典进行技术组件语义分析,以框架语义学为理论基础,构建用于技术关系抽取的专利动词语义框架库。提出基于自然语言理解的技术方案信息抽取过程,研究浅层句法分析和语义分析的关键技术,并以美国专利为例进行说明,结果表明该方法可自动获取结构化专利技术方案信息,有助于专利在概念设计中的深入应用。     

基于专利的工艺冲突矩阵挖掘方法研究

为了辅助工艺人员进行工艺创新,提出了一种基于专利的工艺冲突矩阵挖掘方法。首先对工艺专利进行分类处理并建立工艺问题库和工艺问题解决方案库,然后利用特征词提取算法对专利文本进行工艺冲突参数的挖掘,并充分考虑领域内工艺方法的贡献作用,再利用核聚类算法进行工艺冲突和工艺冲突解决原理的挖掘,建立工艺冲突矩阵。最后以车削外圆类专利为实例,验证了此方法的有效性。     

压力变送器专利分析研究

在专利信息调查和分析的基础上,采用专利地图等方法,对1985年后我国压力变送器专利中技术态势和主要申请人进行分析。总结我国压力变送器的专利发展态势,判断压力变送器技术领域的热点技术和重要企业的专利特点。建议我国压力变送器企业应加快技术升级和科技成果转化力度,努力实现压力变送器技术及产业的可持续发展。