寒地葡萄露地绿枝嫁接当年成苗技术

本文较详细报道寒地鲜食葡萄露地绿枝嫁接当年成苗技术。以京亚、京秀、寒香蜜等品种做接穗,嫁接于贝达砧木上。结果表明,绿枝劈接“砧穗”愈合早,亲和性好,6个品种嫁接成活率和成苗率均高于硬枝嫁接。但绿枝嫁接苗的根系条数、苗蔓生长节数、苗蔓成熟节数和苗蔓粗度则低于硬枝嫁接苗。     

山葡萄新品种"左优红"成苗特性

“左优红”硬枝扦插(自根)生根率平均为90.1%,成苗率87.1%。“左优红”与“贝达”条和苗木硬枝嫁接生根率平均为95.4%。催根幼苗根系多,移栽苗圃地成活率高,出圃成苗率94.3%。“左优红”与“公酿1号”和“双红”条和苗木硬枝嫁接生根率平均52.3%,成苗率平均仅为46.7%,分别低于“左优红”硬枝扦插(自根)和与“贝达”条和苗木嫁接40.4%和47.6%。“双红”、“公酿1号”条和苗木不宜做“左优红”硬枝嫁接的砧木。     

不同酿酒葡萄砧穗组合硬枝嫁接性能评价

通过不同砧木与不同酿酒葡萄品种进行硬枝嫁接配置,初步筛选出亲和力强的接穗品种/砧木组合5个:赤霞珠/101-14、美乐/5BB、赤霞珠/5BB、霞多丽/5BB、西拉/5BB,其发芽和生根比率均超过70％,最高达98％.同时发现嫁接苗接穗生长量与嫁接亲和力基本呈正相关,可间接反应砧穗的亲和性.     

“北冰红”山葡萄新品种适宜砧木的筛选

北冰红枝条作接穗,左山一、双红、公酿一号和贝达葡萄枝条作砧木进行硬枝嫁接试验,筛选出北冰红适宜的砧木为贝达,其嫁接生根率平均76．1％,催根幼苗根系多,移栽苗圃地成活率高,出圃成苗率72．1％。北冰红与公酿一号、双红和左山一嫁接生根率平均37．8％、分别低于北冰红硬枝扦插和贝达嫁接41．5％和38．3％,公酿一号、双红和左山一的枝条不宜作北冰红硬枝嫁接的砧木。     

“北冰红”山葡萄新品种适宜砧木的筛选

北冰红枝条作接穗,左山一、双红、公酿一号和贝达葡萄枝条作砧木进行硬枝嫁接试验,筛选出北冰红适宜的砧木为贝达,其嫁接生根率平均76.1%,催根幼苗根系多,移栽苗圃地成活率高,出圃成苗率72.1%.北冰红与公酿一号、双红和左山一嫁接生根率平均37.8%、分别低于北冰红硬枝扦插和贝达嫁接41.5%和38.3%,公酿一号、双红和左山一的枝条不宜作北冰红硬枝嫁接的砧木.     

酿酒葡萄嫁接育苗中砧穗组合愈合性与生根率的研究

本文对5个优良酿酒葡萄品种和4种砧木嫁接组合的愈合性及生根率进行研究,结果发现,砧木品种101-14对试验的5个葡萄品种均具有较好的愈合性和生根率,是嫁接生产苗木的首选砧木品种,其次是砧木品种5BB,而SO4的表现相对较差。     

葡萄大树改劣换优嫁接技术

随着市场经济的发展和农业产业结构的调整，我国的葡萄生产发展很快，但品种的优化及产品的质量仍然是急待解决的问题，为了调整品种结构，加快葡萄更新换代步伐，我县从1995年开始，实施葡萄改劣换优技术，到目前全县共更换良种1000亩，1998年新品种上市后，较老品种亩增产1000kg，增值600元，仅此一项技术，全县4年共增产值达240万元，取得了显著的经济效益。1 嫁接技术1.1 硬枝嫁接硬枝1.1.1 接穗的准备 将引进的良种枝蔓埋土或砂贮藏后，于嫁接前取出，选择芽眼饱满，无病虫害，粗壮的枝条剪短后，放入清水中浸泡12个小时，让其充分…     

ABT生根粉对葡萄硬枝嫁接的效果

ＡＢＴ生根粉对葡萄硬枝嫁接的效果本文于１９９６－０８－２０收到。楚燕杰（河北省涿鹿县林业局，０７５６００）涿鹿县是华北最大的龙眼葡萄基地，全县葡萄栽培面积５．８万亩，其中９９％以上是龙眼葡萄。由于栽培品种单一，出现了病虫害严重，采收期集中，销售困难，...     

藤稔葡萄不同砧木嫁接育苗试验初报

试验观察了１２个砧木品种的藤稔嫁接苗，认为圣乔治和红瑞宝适宜作藤稔葡萄品种的砧木；采用硬枝接硬枝的方法是快速繁育藤稔类难生品种优质壮苗的有效途径。     

葡萄硬枝嫁接双层地热线营养袋育苗技术

本文从葡萄种条采集、硬质嫁接、双层加温、药剂处理、温湿度控制等方面对葡萄硬枝嫁接双层地热线营养袋育苗技术进行了系统阐述和总结,并针对实际操作过程中的关键环节,制定了具体措施,简洁实用,可为优质葡萄嫁接苗的生产提供技术指导。     

葡萄砧木硬枝扦插生根与成苗特性的研究

为了加快优良葡萄砧木在我国西北地区的研究和应用进程，2000－2002年对10多个砧木品种和几种野生葡萄品系进行了硬枝扦插实验，探讨了温度，生长调节剂，湿度和基因型等因素与葡萄砧木生根成苗特性的关系，以便为葡萄砧木的选择和大量繁育提供依据。为优良葡萄砧木的在量应用打下一定的基础。     

实生与嫁接槐树的槐米、槐叶的芦丁含量和营养成分的分析及评价

以实生和嫁接槐树的槐米、叶片为材料,依据芦丁及各营养成分测定的国家标准对槐米和槐叶的芦丁、氨基酸和矿质元素进行测定和分析。结果表明,实生和嫁接槐树的槐米、槐叶的芦丁含量和营养成分存在明显差异(p<0.05);实生和嫁接槐树的槐米、槐叶均含有芦丁,含量2.12%～25.30%;氨基酸组成分析得出实生和嫁接槐树的槐米、槐叶均含有18种氨基酸,氨基酸总量较高,绝大部分必需氨基酸含量符合联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)模式。氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)结果得出色氨酸和蛋氨酸+胱氨酸为槐米和槐叶的限制性氨基酸。必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)在46.33～68.01之间,呈现实生树槐叶>嫁接树槐米>实生树槐米>嫁接树槐叶的趋势;实生与嫁接槐树的槐米、槐叶含有大量的矿质元素,其中以K和Ca含量最高,分别达751.85～1672.45、481.38～2591.36mg/100g。实生树槐米的大部分矿质元素含量高于嫁接树槐米的含量。     

不同规格育苗盘对雪茄烟苗生长和膜上移栽烟叶产质量的影响

为了筛选能培育适合膜上移栽方式的高素质雪茄烟苗的湿润育苗盘,试验研究了50孔、54孔、70孔、72孔和100孔5个规格育苗盘对烟苗生长和膜上移栽烟株大田生长及烟叶产量、经济效益的影响。结果表明,50孔和54孔育苗盘所育烟苗农艺性状、根系形态指标、鲜干质量、壮苗指数较高,大田烟叶生长较快,但烟叶产量、茄衣烟叶产量较低,育苗投入成本明显增加,烟叶经济效益降低。72孔育苗盘所育烟苗素质整体较高,烟株大田长势好,烟叶产量、茄衣产量、茄衣产出率均较高,其中茄衣产出率较烟苗素质高的50孔处理提高9.92%,烟叶经济效益较育苗投入最高的50孔处理提高8.28%。70孔育苗盘所育烟苗的根冠比、壮苗指数与72孔处理差异不显著,但其大田烟叶产量、茄衣烟叶产量却显著低于72孔处理。而100孔育苗盘所育烟苗素质尽管低于其他处理,但其大田烟叶产量、茄衣产量最高,分别较最低的54孔处理提高15.42%、28.43%,育苗投入成本最低,烟叶经济效益较50孔处理提高12.06%。因此,72孔和100孔苗盘可用于海南雪茄烟叶秋季湿润育苗,其所育烟苗适合雪茄烟叶膜上移栽使用。     

嫁接与实生金花茶的叶片和花朵营养成分分析与评价

该文研究了嫁接对金花茶营养成分的影响,拟为采用嫁接育苗方法实现金花茶资源的快速开发利用提供理论依据。以嫁接和实生金花茶的叶片、花朵为材料,依据各营养成分测定的国家标准分别对其氨基酸、主要活性物质及矿质元素的含量进行了测定和分析。结果表明,嫁接金花茶叶片中氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸总量显著高于实生金花茶(P<0.05),而嫁接金花茶花朵中这两种物质的含量与实生植株无显著差异(P>0.05)。嫁接金花茶叶片和花朵中粗蛋白、总糖、灰分、茶多酚、茶多糖、总皂苷的含量与实生金花茶无显著差异(P>0.05);嫁接植株叶片和花朵中粗纤维、维生素C含量显著高于实生植株,总黄酮含量表现为嫁接植株叶片高于实生植株,而嫁接植株花朵低于实生植株。大部分矿质元素(K、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mo)在嫁接和实生金花茶叶片、花朵中无显著差异(P>0.05);嫁接植株叶片中Mn、V、Se含量显著低于实生植株,嫁接植株花朵中Mn、Na含量显著低于实生植株。嫁接金花茶叶片和花朵中大部分营养成分和生理活性物质的含量与实生植株的差异并不显著,因此,采用嫁接方法培育金花茶可作为满足其日益增长的原材料需要的重要补充。     

An assessment of rootstocks for Sunmuscat (Vitis vinifera L.): a new drying variety

Sunmuscat scions, either grafted onto one of seven rootstock, or as own-rooted vines, were grown under irrigation according to the practices of warm-climate viticulture in north-western Victoria. The trial was located within a commercial vineyard on a sandy loam soil, and represented a typical replant situation. Grapevine performance was assessed over five seasons, viz. 1999–2004 inclusive, in terms of yield per vine, berry weight, juice composition and vigour (based on trunk girth). The highest yielding rootstock over the trial period was 1103 Paulsen (28.9 kg /vine) followed by 140 Ruggeri and Ramsey (26.1 and 25.8 kg /vine respectively), S04 (22.5 kg /vine), Schwarzmann, 101-14 and Teleki 5A (19.9, 18.7 and 18.4 kg /vine respectively). Scions on their own roots returned lowest yield (15.5 kg /vine). Berry weights were largest for the three high yielding rootstocks (2.3 g) and smallest with own roots (2.0 g). Total soluble sugars in harvested fruit were largely unaffected by rootstock in most seasons, although taken over all seasons, fruit from scions grafted onto Ramsey rootstock had the lowest levels, while Teleki 5A had the highest levels (viz. 23.4^oBrix and 24.7^oBrix respectively). Comparative vigour for all seven graft combinations was inferred from trunk circumference. There was a 2-fold difference in rootstock girth below the graft union (viz. 265 mm for 1103 Paulsen, compared to 135 mm for S04), whereas differences in the scion girth above the graft union were minor (only 16%). Relative compatibility of scion and stock was inferred from 'girth ratio' of trunk circumference above compared with below the graft union. Girth ratio was highest for Sunmuscat scions grafted onto SO4 rootstock, and lowest for scions on 1103 Paulsen. Scion girth and vine yield were broadly correlated.     

Effects of light environment on maize in hillside agroforestry systems of Nepal

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important staple food in the mid-hills region of Nepal. The mid-hills are characterized by steeply sloping land and complex farming systems where crops, livestock and trees are inseparable components, and maize has to compete with trees grown for fodder, fuel wood, building materials and other purposes in a landscape severely constrained for agricultural purposes. This paper reports the effects of the presence of trees growing on crop terrace risers on bari (upper-slope, rainfed) land on growth and yield of maize grown on terrace benches. Maize performance was compared with and without tree and artificial shade to determine its responses above and below ground to such limiting factors. Mean photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) incident on maize in farm conditions was lower than 700 μmol m^-2 s^-1, well below the light saturation point for maize (1,500 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹). Grain yield was reduced by 33% under tree shade and by 43% under artificial shade compared with natural (unshaded) conditions. As the light environment is sub-optimal for maize, the crop rarely achieved maximum rates of photosynthesis. Farmers claim that local landraces are better adapted to shade than station-bred genotypes, but there was no evidence of varietal effects upon rates of photosynthesis. However, there was some evidence that there were varietal adaptations to shade for other factors such as greater numbers of leaves and more competitive rooting patterns. Maize varieties with deeper root systems and adapted to low light conditions are required if productivity in these complex systems is to be improved. The findings of this study should be useful to breeders in developing maize genotypes suitable for the complex hillside systems of Nepal, thereby improving food security.     

不同向日葵品种群体光合生理参数及产量比较

以3个向日葵品种为材料,通过两年的田间试验研究向日葵群体的光合生理特征。结果表明,向日葵群体的叶面积指数（LAI）增长极快,出苗后第51d前后即达到最大值（LAImax）3.57～5.64。群体光合势与生物产量和子实产量呈极显著正相关。平均净光合率因品种和年份而异,范围在5.08～7.02g/m2.d。生物产量积累动态趋势为＂慢-快-慢＂,符合Logistic方程。生物产量在各个器官中的分配比例一般为：茎秆（或子实）〉子实（或茎秆）〉叶片〉葵盘〉叶柄,子实所占比例即经济系数两年平均为29.7%和34.4%,因年份而异。早熟品种的经济系数大于中早熟和中熟品种。     

甜菜遗传单粒种大面积直播试验报告

通过精细整地,严控精密播种质量,使单粒包衣种子播在湿土上,播种深度为2．5—3．Ocm,获得80．8％的出苗率,每公顷保苗73350株,为高产群体结构。22cm等距播下的单粒种子出苗后苗间无争光、争水、争肥的欺苗现象,幼苗生长茁壮,较2对真叶间苗的多粒种幼苗的苗重增加88．5％,为高产奠定了良好的生育基础。本试验获得54．6t／hm^2的高额产量和18．56％的高合糖率。甜菜遗传单粒种大面积直播试验取得了成功,为甜菜高产高效生产开辟了新的技术途径。     

遮光对花生产量、成熟饱满度及品质的影响

通过苗期、结荚期和饱果期遮光试验(分别遮光0%、27%、43%和77%),研究遮光对产量和品质的影响.结果表明,遮光均造成减产,苗期遮光27%和43%处理减产较小差异不显著;结荚期和饱果期遮光减产严重差异显著,减产原因是降低了单株结果数和成熟饱满度.苗期遮光对产品质量影响较小,结荚期和饱果期遮光影响较大,出口果和仁出成率均降低,子仁含油量分别降低0.4%～2.0%、0.6%～3.2%、1.6%～6.0%,蛋白质和可溶性糖含量小幅增高.典型样品含油量比随机样品分别高0.7%～2.6%、0.7%～3.4%、0.7%～4.9%.营养含量和成熟饱满度相关极显著,说明通过栽培措施提高成熟饱满度的途径改善花生产品质量有很大潜力.苗期遮光对产量和品质影响较小,说明麦套花生是扩大花生发展的可行途径.