大流量单混合孔Y型喷嘴的雾化特性

对大流量单混合孔Y型喷嘴的雾化性能进行了实验研究,分析了其流量特性以及气耗率对雾化粒径的影响.结果表明,单混合孔Y型喷嘴设计流量能够达到1000kg/h以上,且具有较细的雾化粒径;在气压一定时,随着水压的增大其水流量增大,气耗率减小;气耗率对雾化粒径的影响较明显,但当粒径减小到一定程度后,继续增大气耗率对雾化粒径的影响不明显;单水孔与多水孔Y型喷嘴的雾化性能无明显差别;改进的Y型喷嘴液膜随机破碎模型可较好地用于大流量单混合孔Y型喷嘴雾化粒径的预报.     

A hydrodynamic network model for interdigitated flow fields

The flow field is one of the main components of a fuel cell, which distributes the reactants to the active area of the cell and evacuates the products formed. Interdigitated flow field (IFF) is one among the different types of flow field designs that forces the reactants or products to flow through the electrode, thereby increasing the cell performance by decreasing concentration polarization loss, however, at the cost of higher-pressure drop. Prior understanding of the reactant and water vapour distribution in a flow field helps in obtaining the best flow field design. In the present paper, a model for the flow distribution and the pressure drop in an IFF has been developed using the analogy between fluid flow and electrical network in which the pressure is made analogous to the voltage and the flow rate to the current. The model, which ultimately reduces to the solution of a set of simultaneous algebraic equations, is capable of predicting the flow split among a set of inlet and outlet channels of an interdigitated flow field as well as the overall pressure drop for laminar, turbulent and two-phase flow conditions for arbitrary number of parallel channels. The results from the hydrodynamic network model have been validated against CFD simulations. This model can therefore be used for the optimization of interdigitated flow field design.     

用锐边孔板对气_汽_液两相流进行测量的发展与研究

综述国内外有关用锐边孔板测量气(汽)液两相流方面所做的研究工作,并介绍本文作者等用锐边孔板对高压汽一水两相流进行测量的试验及理论研究工作。     

涡轮叶片前缘气膜冷却的数值研究

对前缘带有2排冷却孔的高压涡轮叶栅进行了气膜冷却数值计算,在吹风比分别为0、0.7、1.1、1.5的情况下得到了叶片型面的静压分布,并将计算结果与实验数据进行了对比研究.此外,还详细分析了冷却孔出口附近区域的流场特性.结果表明,吹风比对叶片型面的压力分布影响不大,只是在冷却孔附近有较为明显的变化.同时,由于冷气射流的注入,在冷却孔后出现了一对旋转方向相反的肾形涡,此时增大吹风比不会对旋涡产生明显的影响,但对旋涡下游流场的影响比较明显.     

考虑两相流音速时气固两相流激波研究

1引言超音速冷喷涂(CSC),又称为冷空气动力学喷涂(CGDS),是一种新型的喷涂表面沉积的方法[1~3]。在超音速冷喷涂中,喷涂粉末与气体混合后,在缩放流道内形成超音速流动,与基板碰撞后喷涂粒子在基板上沉积。由于两相介质是超音速流动,此时气固两相流激波起着至关重要的作用。气固     

长距离重力流输水系统水锤模拟及其防护研究

针对长距离重力流输水系统中的水锤防护问题,以山西省乡宁县县城重力流供水工程为背景,依据水锤计算的基本原理,建立水锤计算模型、末端调流调压阀边界条件及超压泄压阀边界条件,通过数值模拟计算,提出了重力流输水条件下的水锤防护新思路。根据输水管线的稳态运行情况,首先确定了输水管线在末端调流调压阀不同线性关闭方式下的水锤压力变化规律,得出阀门最优关闭时间为1 200s;其次,经优化计算,使用24个空气阀与2台超压泄压阀联合防护,可以确保工程安全运行。研究成果可为重力流工程设计提供参考。     

微小通道内流动沸腾压降特性实验研究

通过对矩形微小通道中流动沸腾的实验,讨论了通道压降的稳态与动态特征及稳定域判别方法;对不同实验工况下压降时序进行频域分析,提出微小通道压降振荡的产生主要源于汽泡产生、传输及微小通道与入口可压缩空间或柔性空间的耦合;此外,基于AR(自回归)模型对系统实验段压降振荡进行实验建模,结果表明,较大流量时受限变形汽泡流与环状流出现时压降振荡相对较稳定;小流量时,压降不稳定性情况比较复杂,容易形成不稳定区域。     

CFD based simulation of hydrogen release through elliptical orifices

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is employed to investigate the hydrogen jet exiting through different shapes of orifices. The effect of orifice geometry on the structure, development and dispersion of a highly under-expanded hydrogen jet close to the exit is numerically investigated. Various shapes of orifices are evaluated, including holes with constant areas such as elliptical and circular openings, as well as, enlarging circular orifices. A three-dimensional in-house parallel code is exploited to simulate the flow using an unstructured tetrahedral finite volume Euler solver. The numerical simulations indicate that, for a high pressure reservoir hydrogen release, the area of the orifice is the main geometric parameter influencing the centerline pressure at the hydrogen-air interface and the transient peak temperature, while the elliptical or expanding orifices slightly mitigate the auto-ignition risks associated with the accidental release of hydrogen. Therefore, circular openings represent the most conservative geometry for the study of auto-ignition of hydrogen.     

压力对喷动流化床流动特性影响的数值模拟

建立了1台热输入0.1 MW的加压喷动流化床煤部分气化炉和相同尺寸的冷态模型试验装置,通过试验和数值模拟方法分析了压力对喷动流化床流动特性的影响.数值模拟采用了非稳态欧拉多相流模型,研究结果表明:随着工作压力增大,床内的中心喷动区和环形区的空隙率均相应减小;颗粒在较高工作压力下的轴向速度大于较低压力工况下的速度值;在压力为0.1～0.3 MPa时,模拟工况的流动状态与试验结果相符.     

储冰桶换热管组流动特性研究

分析了储冰桶换热器管组的流动过程,建立实际流动的物理模型,通过理论推导,获得了分析解。为准确计算换热器组流量分布,系统压降以及设计提供了一种理论方法。     

合成射流控制策略对垂直轴风力机性能影响研究

设计一种斜出口合成射流激励器并将其应用于垂直轴风力机控制其动态失速,建立不同射流孔数量的叶片并采用5种不同合成射流激励器控制策略,通过FLUENT15.0并采用Realizable k-ε湍流模型分析射流孔数量与控制策略对垂直轴风力机气动性能的影响,进一步研究垂直轴风力机涡量场结构。结果表明:当采用上开口抛物线控制策略、射流吹气系数为0.035,射流孔数量为2时,风能利用系数与平均力矩系数均提升15.2%,随着射流孔数量增多,气动性能降低;采用传统合成射流控制策略的垂直轴风力机承受近乎2倍的载荷波动,改进的控制策略可减小叶片在小攻角时的载荷波动,从而相对提升垂直轴风力机的运行稳定性;另外,合成射流技术可抑制叶片吸力面大涡的生成与发展并使叶片强尾涡削弱成多个小尾涡,减小多个叶片间的流动干扰并降低转轴尾涡强度,从而改善全局流场结构。     

The effect of evaporator operating parameters on the flow patterns inside horizontal pipes

A general and simple model for simulating the steady state behaviors of air-to-refrigerant fin-and-tube evaporator is introduced with the focus on the detailed flow patterns inside the tubes. In order to simulate the heat transfer between air and the working fluid, the evaporator is divided into a number of control volumes. Empirical correlations from literature were also adopted to estimate the void fraction, the internal and external heat transfer coefficients, and the pressure drops. Simulations were performed to study the effects of varying inlet air temperature, refrigerant mass flow rate and evaporation pressure on the flow patterns inside the horizontal pipe of the evaporator. The simulation results indicate that the proposed model can be used to predict flow patterns well. The predicted results of the model agree well with experimental results, the difference is within ±3% for the cooling capacity, and is within ±0.2% for refrigerant evaporation temperature.     

Modeling two-phase flow in PEM fuel cell channels

This paper is concerned with the simultaneous flow of liquid water and gaseous reactants in mini-channels of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. Envisaging the mini-channels as structured and ordered porous media, we develop a continuum model of two-phase channel flow based on two-phase Darcy's law and the M² formalism, which allow estimate of the parameters key to fuel cell operation such as overall pressure drop and liquid saturation profiles along the axial flow direction. Analytical solutions of liquid water saturation and species concentrations along the channel are derived to explore the dependences of these physical variables vital to cell performance on operating parameters such as flow stoichiometric ratio and relative humility. The two-phase channel model is further implemented for three-dimensional numerical simulations of two-phase, multi-component transport in a single fuel-cell channel. Three issues critical to optimizing channel design and mitigating channel flooding in PEM fuel cells are fully discussed: liquid water buildup towards the fuel cell outlet, saturation spike in the vicinity of flow cross-sectional heterogeneity, and two-phase pressure drop. Both the two-phase model and analytical solutions presented in this paper may be applicable to more general two-phase flow phenomena through mini- and micro-channels.     

多机一室长廊型调压室水力过渡过程数值仿真研究

基于调压室基本方程和结构矩阵法,构建了典型的多机一室长廊型调压室—三联调压室水力过渡过程计算的恒定流模型和瞬变过程模型(简称三联模型),并基于工程实例,针对典型工况,分别采用简化模型和三联模型进行过渡过程计算。结果表明,简化模型和三联模型计算所得的蜗壳末端最大压力、机组转速最大上升率和调压室极值水位基本一致,而尾水管进口最小压力有一定的区别;采用三联模型可较好地反映恒定流状态下阻抗孔口之间的水体流动及过渡过程中尾水管进口压力的变化情况;过渡过程计算中阻抗系数取值允许一定的误差,并不会对尾水管压力和调压室水位的变化产生较大影响。     

泵抽式电缆地层测试复合流形模型研究及应用

泵抽式电缆地层测试是在油气资源评价中快速获得储层的渗透率的技术手段。目前对泵抽式电缆地层测试压力资料分析多采用球形流分析法,而对于大排量泵抽式电缆地层测试器,在薄储层和储层的上下边界,测试流动形态则会从球形流过渡为柱形流,如果仍然采用球形流动解释方法,就会给解释结果带来较大的误差。通过分析泵抽式电缆地层测试储层流动形态,并应用油气层渗流力学理论,推导出了在球形流与柱形流复合流动形态下的渗透率求解模型。选择某油田一口井的电缆地层测试资料为例对该模型进行验证。由于测试目的层为层薄,渗流为球形流与柱形流复合流动形态,采用模型计算得到储层渗透率为46.6×10-3μm2,与该层段取心分析岩心渗透率(56×10-3μm2)接近,证明该渗透率求解模型可行。     

Acoustic Wave Prediction in Flowing Steam-Water Two-Phase Mixture

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高压共轨燃油喷嘴空穴流动的非稳态模拟

建立了船用柴油机高压共轨燃油喷嘴空穴流动的非稳态计算模型,采用AMESim模拟计算结合高压共轨燃油系统平台试验的方法对高压共轨燃油喷嘴空穴流动进行研究.研究结果表明:该方法可以较为准确地确定燃油喷射过程中喷嘴内部的压力波动;非稳态模拟可以较好地反映燃油喷射压力的波动对喷嘴内部压力分布和喷孔中燃油喷射速度的影响;在高压喷...     

双吸泵空化非定常数值分析

为了分析双吸泵内部非定常空化流,采用SST湍流模型及基于Rayleigh-Plesset方程的输运空化模型,对双吸泵空化流场进行定常与非定常模拟,得到了双吸泵内流场空化初生部位及空化发展情况,并设置监测点分析了空化状态下双吸泵内不同位置处的压力脉动特性。结果表明,空化首先发生于叶片吸力面头部靠近前盖板处,随着空化余量的降低,空化面积及空泡体积分数不断增大,空化继续发展后,空泡会逐渐向叶片吸力面及叶轮出口扩散,从而降低泵的扬程;在一个旋转周期内,单个叶片上的空化状态呈现出由弱变强、再由强变弱的发展趋势;随着空化余量的降低,监测点处压力脉动幅值增加,蜗壳流道内压力脉动的主频为叶频,谐频为叶频的倍数,且蜗壳隔舌处的压力脉动幅值最大。     

柴油机不同类型喷嘴内部空化流动特性的研究

柴油喷嘴内部空化效应是燃油液体射流雾化的重要原因之一。针对目前发动机上广泛采用的SAC型和VCO型两种柴油机多孔喷嘴,运用基于欧拉多流体法的多相流模型,通过全自动网格生成技术,对二者进行了多维数值模拟。将空化模型应用于数值模拟中,全面分析了喷射压力、喷孔背压、喷孔入口圆角半径和喷孔倾斜角等参数对喷孔内部空化流动及出口流量的影响。结果表明,增大喷射压力容易促使空化的发生,压力较大时,SAC型喷嘴出口流量变化不如VCO型的大;出口压力对空化起到抑制作用,减小出口压力有利于空化的形成,有助于喷孔出口燃油的雾化;喷孔入口圆角半径和倾斜角的增大,使得孔内流动变得更加顺畅,燃油蒸气体积变小,出口流量增加。所以孔内空化效应对缸内喷雾过程尤其是燃油液体射流的初始破碎的影响不容忽视。     

Thermal‐fluid transport phenomena in an axially rotating flow passage with twin concentric orifices of different radii

This paper investigates the thermal fluid‐flow transport phenomena in an axially rotating passage in which twin concentric orifices of different radii are installed. Emphasis is placed on the effects of pipe rotation and orifice configuration on the flow and thermal fields, i.e. both the formation of vena contracta and the heat‐transfer performance behind each orifice. The governing equations are discretized by means of a finite‐difference technique and numerically solved for the distributions of velocity vector and fluid temperature subject to constant wall temperature and uniform inlet velocity and fluid temperature. It is found that: (i) for a laminar flow through twin concentric orifices in a pipe, axial pipe rotation causes the vena contracta in the orifice to stretch, resulting in an amplification of heat‐transfer performance in the downstream region behind the rear orifice, (ii) simultaneously the heat transfer rate in the area between twin orifice is intensified by pipe rotation, (iii) the amplification of heat transfer performance is affected by the front and rear orifice heights. Results may find applications in automotive and rotating hydraulic transmission lines and in aircraft gas turbine engines. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.