MnP_(1-x)M_x系列合金的磁热效应

研究了1∶1型MnP基系列合金MnP1-xMx(M=Si,Sb,Ge,Zn,Sn)(x=0,0.1)的结构及其磁热效应。室温X射线衍射表明该系列合金的主相结构均为正交MnP结构,空间群为Pnma。在用Ge,Sb,Zn,Sn作为替代元素的合金中存在少量第二相Mn5.64P3。磁性测量表明该系列合金MnP1-xMx(M=Si,Sb,Ge,Zn,Sn)(x=0,0.1)的存在由铁磁-顺磁的二级相变。其居里温度Tc分别为286,295,294,295,295K。通过磁化曲线计算了MnP1-xMx(M=Si,Sb,Ge,Zn,Sn)(x=0,0.1)合金的最大等温磁熵变-ΔSm,均在0.7～1.3J.kg-.1K-1之间。     

La_(1.1)Fe_(11.4)Si_(1.55)Ge_(0.05)合金的磁热效应

使用电弧熔炼法制备了La1.1Fe11.4Si1.55Ge0.05合金。研究了用少量的Ge替代Si后,La1.1Fe11.4Si1.55Ge0.05合金的磁性和磁热效应。粉末X射线衍射结果表明:在1273K真空退火处理10d后,合金La1.1Fe11.4Si1.55Ge0.05主相为NaZn13型立方结构,存在微量的α-Fe相。热磁曲线M-T与Arrott曲线表明:在居里温度Tc=205K处发生由铁磁性(TTc)转变为顺磁性(TTc)的二级磁相变。在磁场变化0～1.5T下,根据等温磁化曲线通过Maxwell关系式计算得出最大磁熵变-ΔSmmax=9J.kg-.1K-1。Ge替代Si后该合金在其居里温度Tc处-ΔSm-T曲线半高宽增大,使合金的相对制冷能力RCP(S)有所提高。     

钒合金化对Gd5Si2Ge2巨磁热效应合金结构和性能的影响

Gd5Si2Ge2合金的发现为常温范围磁制冷实用化发展提供了可能,然而其居里温度有待进一步提高。本文就添加钒进行合金化对它的改性作用开展了初步研究。结果表明:Gd5(Si2-xGe2-xV2x)合金(x≤0.03)能保持母相Gd5Si2Ge2的晶体结构,但显微组织却随钒的加入而发生显著改变;钒合金化使合金居里温度由～3℃提高到～18℃,同时磁化强度水平升高,居里点附近磁化强度变化陡度增大。     

以低纯度钆研究Gd5Si2Ge2的磁热效应及制备工艺

以99%级的低纯度金属Gd为原料, 采用真空感应炉制备工艺, 辅以1470 K热处理工艺, 获得了与99.99%级高纯度Gd为原料制备的Gd5Si2Ge2合金相近的磁热效应, 5 T外场下最大磁熵变达17.5 J·kg^-1·K^-1, 对比电弧熔炼与感应熔炼两种制备方法, 感应熔炼条件下C, N, O杂质含量明显降低, 发现了Gd5Si2Ge2合金巨磁熵变与相结构的本质联系.     

Gd含量对Gd5Si2Ge2晶体结构和磁性能的影响

用非自耗电弧炉熔炼了Gd5 xSi2Ge2系列样品。用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和Rietveld方法研究了Gd5 xSi2Ge2系列样品的晶体结构。用自制的仪器测量了样品的居里温度,用振动样品磁强计研究了样品的磁卡效应。对样品的晶体结构分析结果表明:Gd的含量x的变化对Gd5Si2Ge2化合物的晶体结构有较大的影响,当x>0时,样品中含有Gd5(Si,Ge)4和Gd5(Si,Ge)3两个相,并且随着x的增加Gd5(Si,Ge)4相会减少,Gd5(Si,Ge)3相会增加;当x<0时,样品会形成Gd5(Si,Ge)4和Gd(Si,Ge)两相,并且随着x的减少Gd5(Si,Ge)4相会减少,Gd(Si,Ge)相会增多。对样品的磁性能分析结果表明:Gd的含量x>0和x<0时都会降低样品的磁卡效应,样品的居里温度会随着x的增加而增加。     

用于飞机发动机的耐热钛合金

含有(wt%)5～6Al、2.5～4.5Sn、2～4Zr、0.75～1.25Nb、0.1～0.6Mo、0.2～0.4Si 余为 Ti的钛合金,在1010～1050℃,最好在1050℃β相区加热,在500～600℃、24h 时效。合金在800～900℃,最好在850℃再增加一次热处理。经以上工艺处理的合金具有很薄的叠层α结构,这种沉淀物经常在界面处产生。合金最好含有0.24～0.4wt%     

稀土La对(Ag-Cu8)-25Sn-xLa合金微观结构及凝固机制的影响

研究了稀土La对(Ag-cu28)-25SnxLa合金微观结构的影响,并探讨了稀土La含量的变化在其凝固过程中的作用.采用高频感应加热熔炼,经水淬制得(Ag-Cu28) -25Sn-xLa合金.通过XRD,SEM,EDS等分析手段,研究了合金的物相组成、凝固组织及元素分布情况.研究结果表明:微量的稀土La足以改变(Ag-Cu28) -25Sn合金的凝固过程；La含量不大于0.5％时,合金的物相组成为Ag3Sn,Cu3Sn和Cu6Sn5相；当La含量不小于1.0％(质量分数)时,合金的物相组成为Ag3Sn和Cu3Sn；同时,随La含量的增加合金的凝固组织不断细化,且有利于Ag(Sn)固溶体初生相的析出.     

稀土La对(Ag-Cu_(28))-25Sn-xLa合金微观结构及凝固机制的影响

研究了稀土La对(Ag-Cu28)-25Sn-xLa合金微观结构的影响,并探讨了稀土La含量的变化在其凝固过程中的作用。采用高频感应加热熔炼,经水淬制得(Ag-Cu28)-25Sn-xLa合金。通过XRD,SEM,EDS等分析手段,研究了合金的物相组成、凝固组织及元素分布情况。研究结果表明:微量的稀土La足以改变(Ag-Cu28)-25Sn合金的凝固过程;La含量不大于0.5%时,合金的物相组成为Ag3Sn,Cu3Sn和Cu6Sn5相;当La含量不小于1.0%(质量分数)时,合金的物相组成为Ag3Sn和Cu3Sn;同时,随La含量的增加合金的凝固组织不断细化,且有利于Ag(Sn)固溶体初生相的析出。     

热处理对LaFe_(11.2)Co_(0.7)Si_(1.1)B_(0.2)合金磁热效应的影响

在高温(1170℃)下对LaFe11.2Co0.7Si1.1B0.2合金进行0h,1h,3h,6h,24h和72h热处理,测量了其磁热效应,并利用XRD和SEM进行结构和相组织分析。结果表明合金铸态以α-Fe相为主,随着热处理时间增加,α-Fe相逐渐减少,而NaZn13相(1∶13相)增加,时间太长(72h)α-Fe相组织变大;磁热效应T-ΔTad曲线峰值也随着时间增加,在6h时达到最大值,之后下降,而居里点有所升高。     

稀土合金Gd_(1-)_xNd_xTiGe的制备及结构和磁热效应

将稀土元素Gd用部分稀土元素Nd进行替代,利用真空电弧熔炼法制备了Gd_(1-)_xNd_xTiGe(x=0, 0.2, 0.4)合金样品,并在800℃进行真空退火处理。通过X射线衍射分析了样品的物相结构,结果表明,Gd_(1-)_xNd_xTiGe材料为CeFeSi型结构和CeScSi型结构的混合相,主要以CeFeSi型结构相为主,少量存在CeScSi型结构相。利用VSM测量Gd_(1-)_xNd_xTiGe材料的磁化强度随温度的变化(100 K～400 K),得到其M-T曲线,结果表明,用Nd(x=0.2, 0.4)代替部分Gd后居里温度相对于未替代样品(x=0)的居里温度均有下降,未退火样品的居里温度低于退火处理样品的居里温度。对Gd_(0.6)Nd_(0.4)TiGe样品进行了不同温度下其磁化强度随磁场强度的变化的测试,给出了M-B曲线图;利用热力学Maxwell关系得出了表征材料磁热效应的△S_m-T曲线及Arrott曲线,研究了Gd_(1-)_xNd_xTiGe材料的磁性和磁热效应。研究表明,Gd_(0.6)Nd_(0.4)TiGe随着温度的升高由铁磁性转变为顺磁性,相变为二级相变,具有良好的磁熵变现象,居里温度点为310 K。     

Magnetic Entropy Change of （Gd1-xREx）5Si4（RE = Dy, Ho） Alloys

Magnetic Entropy Change of (Gd_(1-x)RE_x)_5Si_4(RE=Dy, Ho) Alloys     

Investigation on the 773K isothermal section of Ho-Ni-Si ternary phase diagram by X-ray powder diffraction and magnetic property of Ho_3NiSi_2 alloy

The isothermal section of the Ho-Ni-Si system at 773 K was constructed by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) in this work.The system contains sixteen known type structure compounds TiNiSi-type HoNiSi,BaAl_4-type HoNi_2Si_2,CeNiSi_2-type HoNiSi_2,U_1Co_3Si_5-type Ho_2Ni_3Si_5,SmNiGe_3-type HoNiSi_3,Ce_3 Ni_6Si_2-type Ho_3Ni_6Si_2,ThMn_(12)-type HoNi_(10)Si_2,YPd_2Si-type HoNi_2Si,YNi_5Si_3-type HoNi_5Si_3,YNi_4Si-type HoNi_4Si,Gd_3NiSi_2-type Ho_3NiSi_2,YNi_6Si_6-type HoNi_6Si_6.AlB_2-type Ho_2NiSi_3,AlB_2-type Ho_3Ni_2Si_4,AlB_2-type Ho_4NiSi_7,Gd_3Ru_4Al_(12)-type Ho_8Ni_(31)Si_(11),and one unknown type structure compound Ho_5Ni_2Si_3.At the same time,one unknown structure new phase Ho_(37)Ni_3Si_(60) was observed.In ternary compounds,Ho_2NiSi_3 and Ho_4NiSi_7 have the solid solution phenomena;the solid solution ranges are about Ho_(33.3)Ni_(18.7-9.7)Si_(-48.0-57.0) and Ho_(33).Ni_(-8.3-2.6)Si_(-58.3-64.1),respectively.At the same time,quasi-binary solid solutions were detected at 773 K for Ho_2Ni_(17),HoNi_5,Ho_2Ni_7,HoNi_3,HoNi_2,HoNi,HoSi.Other binary compounds of the Ho-Ni-Si system do not show any visible solubility.The magnetic property studies show that Ho_3NiSi_2 compound has two successive magnetic phase transitions in a low field:a spinreorientation transition at T_(SR)=10 K and a second order ferromagnetic(FM)-paramagnetic(PM)transition at T_c=37 K.     

Tunable electronic band structure,luminescence properties and thermostability of(Gd_(1-x)La_x)_2Si_2O_7:Ce scintillator by adjusting La/Gd ratio

Mixed crystal strategy is an effective approach of improving the luminescence properties of optical materials and has been adopted widely in many systems.In this paper,the La-mixed Gd_2 Si_2 O_7:Ce polycrystalline samples were successfully synthesized by a sol-gel method.The crystal structure and luminescence properties were confirmed and discussed by XRD,UV-Vis luminescence spectra,and XEL,respectively.The vacuum ultraviolet excitation spectra and thermoluminescence glow curves were also systematically investigated and discussed at varied temperature.A combination of the first-principles calculations and optical characterization experiments was employed to study the electronic band structure of host material,revealing that the band gap is narrowed and the 5 d_1 level of Ce~(3+) shifts to higher energy as the La content increases.The luminescence the rmo-stability and activation energy were also measured and calculated.It indicates that thermo-stability is strongly dependent on the La concentration.An effective approach is developed to tune the electronic band structure,luminescence properties and thermostability of(Gd_(1-x)La_x)_2 Si_2 O_7:Ce scintillator by adjusting La/Gd ratio.     

Structure and electrochemical hydrogen storage characteristics of the as-cast and annealed La0.8-xSmxMg0.2Ni3.15Co0.2Al0.1Si0.05 （x=0-0.4） alloys

In order to ameliorate the electrochemical cycle stability of the RE-Mg-Ni based A2B7-type electrode alloys, the Mg content in the alloy was reduced and La in the alloy was partially substituted by Sm. The La0.8-xSmxMg0.2Ni3.15Co0.2Al0.1Si0.05 (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) elec-trode alloys were fabricated by casting and annealing. The microstructures of the as-cast and annealed alloys were characterized by XRD and SEM. The electrochemical hydrogen storage characteristics of the as-cast and annealed alloys were measured. The results revealed that all of the experimental alloys mainly consisted of two phases: (La,Mg)2Ni7 phase with the hexagonal Ce2Ni7-type structure and LaNi5 phase with the hexagonal CaCu5-type structure. As Sm content grew from 0 to 0.4, the discharge capacity and the high rate discharge ability (HRD) first in-creased and then decreased for the as-cast and annealed alloys, whereas the capacity retaining rate (S100) after 100 cycles increased continuously.     

强磁场对铁基合金相变温度和显微组织的影响

The effect of a high magnetic field up to 30 T on phase transformation temperature and microstructure of Fe-based alloys has been reviewed. A high magnetic field accelerates ferrite transformation, changes the morphology of the transformed microstructures and increases the As and A1 temperature. In a magnetic field of 30 T, the A1 temperature increases by about 37.1℃ for Fe-0.8C, the A3 temperature for pure Fe increases by about 33.1 ℃. The measured transformation temperature data are not consistent with calculation results using Weiss molecular field theory. Ferrite grains are elongated and aligned along the direction of magnetic field in Fe-0.4C and Fe-0.6C alloys by ferrite transformation, but elongated and aligned structure was not found in pure Fe, Fe-0.05C alloy and Fe-1.5Mn0.11C-0.1V alloy.     

Physical metallurgy of a Ti-5%Ta-1.8%Nb alloy

An alloy of Titanium with 5% Tantalum and 1.8% Niobium has been developed which possesses high corrosion resistance in highly oxidising environments. The microstructural basis that enabled design of optimum thermo-mechanical treatments has been established for this alloy. The classification of the alloy, transformation temperatures and different types of phase transformations were evaluated for the first time by experimental methods like metallography and calorimetry and empirical methods. Systematic microstructural modifications were introduced by thermo-mechanical treatments to improve corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. The Ti-5Ta-1.8Nb alloy exhibited interesting texturing behaviour. Deformation and transformation textures exhibited during unidirectional cold rolling and subsequent β→α+β transformation were studied using XRD and Electron Back Scatter Diffraction techniques. The cross section of a wire drawn specimen exhibited (1 0–1 0)_α texture while a cold rolled specimen showed (0 0 0 2)_α deformation texture along the length — width direction. The transformation texture by itself was found to be dependent on the type of deformation texture, (1 1 −2 0)_α in cold rolled and (1 1 −2 2)_α texture in the case of wire drawn alloy. A new method has been proposed to determine theoretical misorientation angle and axis between variants of hcp a product transforming from a parent bcc crystal, obeying Burgers Orientation Relationship. The role of variant selection mechanisms in the final texture of the alloy has been demonstrated by comparison of texture maps obtained by X-ray Diffraction with those computed.     

Cu–(Fe–C)合金中Fe–C相的固态转变对其摩擦磨损行为及机理的影响

采用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、纳米力学探针、力学性能测试以及室温摩擦磨损实验研究了Cu–(Fe–C)合金的铸态组织、形变态组织、Fe–C相形貌、力学性能和摩擦磨损行为。结果表明，Cu–(Fe–C)合金中弥散分布着微米级和纳米级的Fe–C相，其中微米级的Fe–C相在淬火和回火过程中发生了固态转变，这种固态转变与钢中的马氏体转变和回火转变类似。合金先在850 ℃淬火，然后在200、400和650 ℃回火，Fe–C相由针状马氏体逐渐向颗粒状回火索氏体转变，Fe–C相纳米硬度分别为9.4、8、4.2和3.8 GPa，实现了对强化相硬度的控制。室温摩擦磨损实验结果表明，随着回火温度升高，合金的磨损机制逐渐由犁削向黏着磨损和大塑性变形转变，导致合金的耐磨损性能降低。这一结论可以为通过Fe–C相的固态转变的方法调控Cu–(Fe–C)合金的摩擦磨损性能提供参考作用。      

Oriented attachment(OA) mediated characteristic growth of Gd_2O_3 nanorods from nanoparticle seeds

Herein, we demonstrated the oriented attachment(OA) driven formation and characterization of Gd_2O_3 nanorods. The nanorods were synthesized via a surfactant free, inexpensive hydrothermal route and considering ~30 nm nanoparticles as the seed. While maintaining a cubic phase throughout the process, complete transformation of Gd_2O_3 nanoparticles to nanorods was found to occur at an elevated temperature(~180 oC) of the hydrothermal reaction. The elongated Gd_2O_3 nanostructures, as revealed from transmission electron microscopic imaging, possessed an average diameter of ~33 nm and an approximate length of 172 nm. From the kinetics of OA process, the activation energy of formation was estimated to be ~25 k J/mole. The existence of defect mediated radiative emission was ascertained from the asymmetric broadening of luminescence spectra. The defect emission arising from the Gd_2O_3 nanorods was nearly 1.4 times stronger than that of nanoparticles. The morphological evolution and growth kinetics were discussed along with the luminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance features.