高斯镜参数对LD泵浦Nd:YAG激光器的影响

实验研究了输出镜为不同参数高斯镜时,偏心对LD泵浦Nd:YAG激光器的影响及激光器的输出特性。仅当光轴与激光晶体中心轴、Q开关中心轴一致,且经过高斯镜反射率中心时,可同时实现最大能量、最窄脉冲宽度和最小发散角输出。存在偏心时,高斯镜反射率半径越小或中心反射率越大,则能量下降越多,脉冲宽度和发散角增大越大。对于反射率半径为2.5 mm和中心反射率为30%的高斯输出镜,偏心0.5 mm时,能量降低7%,脉冲宽度增宽33%,发散角增大20%。激光性能方面,高斯镜反射率半径越小或中心反射率越小,光束质量越好,但效率低。综合考虑偏心影响和激光性能,反射率半径为2.75 mm和中心反射率为20%的高斯镜作为输出镜最佳。泵浦能量为984 mJ时,获得了能量128 mJ,脉冲宽度7.3 ns,光束质量M2因子约4.6的1064 nm激光输出,对应光光转换效率为13%。实验结果为激光器设计和装调提供了参考。     

Gyrokinetic Analysis of Influence of Electron Beam Eccentricity on Operation of Higher-Order Mode in a Coaxial Cavity Gyrotron

A gyrokinetic analysis is presented to the influence of the electron beam eccentricity on the power and starting current of a coaxial cavity gyrotron, which operates in a higher-order mode TE_31, 17, 1 with a frequency of 165 GHz. It is found that the starting current becomes larger because of the existence of the electron-beam eccentricity. Especially, the power will be decreased substantially by the electron beam eccentricity, for example, down to 93% of the power without any eccentricity even if the eccentricity is 1% of the outer conductor radius. The acceptable range of the electron beam voltage and operating magnetic field for the establishment of the electromagnetic oscillation is narrowed by the electron-beam eccentricity.     

Loss factors analysis for single-mode fiber splicing without careaxis alignment

Splice loss factors of single-mode fiber splicing lacking core axis alignment were analyzed quantitatively. The optimum splice conditions were also investigated in detail. It was seen that the dominant splice signal-loss factors are core deformation caused by fiber axis discrepancy and core axis misalignment caused by core eccentricity. To suppress average splice loss to less than 0.1 dB, average core eccentricity suppression to less than 0.35 μm is necessary. A novel method for setting fiber endface gaps accurately and quickly is proposed that helps to realize the optimum condition. This method is based on fiber endface image detection using photodiodes, and it has a quick setting time of 5 s and a high accuracy with a setting error of 0.5 μm. A fusion splice machine manufactured based on the present endface setting method was developed and evaluated. As a result, an average splice loss of 0.012 dB was successfully achieved     

高亮度半导体激光器泵浦光纤耦合模块

采用一种阶梯排列结构的单管激光器合束技术制成了高亮度半导体激光器光纤耦合模块,可用于泵浦掺Yb3+大模场双包层光纤激光器。利用微透镜组对各单管半导体激光器进行快慢轴准直,在快轴方向实现光束叠加,然后通过两组消球差设计的柱面透镜组分别对合成光束快慢轴方向进行聚焦,耦合进入光纤。实验中将6只输出功率为6 W 的976 nm单管半导体激光器输出光束耦合进芯径为105 m、数值孔径为0.15的光纤中,当工作电流为6.2 A 时,光纤输出功率达29.0 W,光纤耦合效率达到80.1%,亮度超过4.74 MW/cm2-str。     

一种可提高谐振腔稳定性的结构设计

激光谐振腔稳定性影响其输出激光的光斑分布和光轴稳定度,从而影响测距威力。本文从工程实践的角度对比分析增加副底板结构前后激光谐振腔的形变。通过仿真分析和实验证明,增加副底板结构可以大幅度改善谐振腔的稳定度。这一结论可用于指导激光发射器的结构设计工作。     

发散球面波对射光束角漂包容性能的研究

用锥镜产生的无衍射光可以具有大光学口径和光学数值孔径,使无衍射光对入射光束的偏心有一定的包容能力.为了研究无衍射光对激光束角向漂移(角漂)的包容性能,采用发散球面波入射光束,通过理论分析和试验验证可知,发散球面波的无衍射光对激光束角漂具有良好的包容性能.结果表明,此方法产生的无衍射光可适于作中、短距离连续空间直线度误差测量的直线基准.     

Comparison of Electron-Beam-Misalignment Effect on Starting Current and Output Power in Coaxial-Cavity and Cylindrical-Cavity Gyrotron Oscillators

Comparative study is presented to the effect of the electron-beam misalignment on the starting current and output power of the coaxial-cavity and cylindrical-cavity gyrotron oscillators operating in the millimeter wave ranges. The numerical analysis is based on the gyrokinetic formulas for a TE_28,16,1 mode at a frequency of 140 GHz. Results show that the coaxial-cavity gyrotron oscillator has lower starting current and less power loss than the cylindrical-cavity gyrotron oscillator when the electron-beam axis has a misalignment to the cavity axis.     

259W准连续无铝808nm激光二极管线列阵

通过优化张应变量子阱外延结构和设计线列阵双沟道深隔离槽腐蚀工艺,采用低压金属有机化学气相沉积法(LP-MOCVD)生长了GaAsP/GalnP/AlGaInP单量子阱分别限制异质结激光器材料,并利用该材料制备r填充因子为50%的lcm宽线列阵激光巴条,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了隔离槽的形貌.在准连续工作条件(200μs脉宽,2%占空比)下,封装在被动制冷标准铜热沉上的器件在测试设备允许的最大驱动电流300A时可获得259W的输出功率,未观察到腔面光学灾变性损伤的发生.最高功率转换效率在工作电流为104A时达52%,此时输出功率为100W,激射光谱的中心波长为807.8nm,半高宽为2.4nm,快慢轴远场发散角分别为29.3°和7.5°.     

500W级半导体激光器光纤耦合输出模块设计

为实现亮度均匀、形状对称、高对称光束质量的高功率半导体激光输出,提出了一种基于mini-bar芯片的高功率光纤耦合系统设计方案,使用Zemax设计了一套针对200 m/NA0.22多模光纤的500 W级光纤耦合输出系统。设计使用反射镜-条纹镜系统实现单列叠层微通道封装芯片快轴方向光束的尺寸压缩,并结合偏振合束技术在不改变光束束参积的条件下将功率提高一倍,并使用慢轴扩束系统压缩慢轴方向发散角,最后采用非球面透镜耦合进目标光纤。在设计的基础上采用4列叠层微通道封装的叠阵（每列包含5个mini-bar芯片）进行了等效验证实验,在注入电流为37 A时得到稳定输出功率506 W的小型化模块,亮度达10.3 MW/（cm2sr）,电光效率为43.0%。设计和实验共同表明,该光纤耦合模块可实现500 W稳定功率输出,可广泛应用在光纤/固体激光泵浦及工业加工等领域。     

Wide reflected angle DBR red light LED

The coupled DBR LED with one DBR for reflecting normal incidence light and the other for reflecting inclined incidence light has been grown by MOCVD. For improving the conventional DBR which was used to increase light extraction efficiency in AlGaInP red light LED is analyzed. At 20 mA Dc injection current, the LED peak wave length is 630 nm, and the light intensity of on axis is 137 mcd. The output light power is 2.32 mW. The light intensity and output light power have been improved compared with the conventional LEDs.     

悬臂梁基底对压电俘能器输出响应的影响分析

悬臂梁的材料与结构对压电俘能器的输出响应具有重要影响。为了 研究在1.5~5.8 m/s低风速环境下不同基底材料对接触式压电俘能器的影响,该文选择聚氯乙烯（PVC）、304不锈钢、1060铝和H68黄铜材料为基底的柔性聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）压电悬臂梁结构,并进行了对比实验与分析。结果表明,以304不锈钢为基底的悬臂梁结构输出功率最大。通过计算不同基底材料梁的结构参数发现,在低风速工况下,梁的结构刚度与减幅因数是影响压电俘能器输出性能的主要因素。同等工况下,梁的结构刚度越小,接触式压电俘能器的启动风速越低,风致振动的激振力频率越高;减幅因数越小,悬臂梁的输出功率越大。     

Computer-based compensation of positioning errors in roundness measurements of small precise holes

It is shown that in assessment of small holes roundness by measurement of radial variation not only eccentricity of the examined profile in relation to the axis of rotation has apparent influence on profile distortions; the offset. of the straight linc, along which the midpoint of the sensor tip is moving, from the axis of rotation also causes significant measurement errors. A way to identify that source of errors is described. The presented algorithms used in general-purpose instruments equipped with a computer ensure correct results with reference to LSC (least squares centre) regardless of positioning imperfection. Effectiveness of errors compensation has been evaluated on the base of the harmonic analysis of the signal appearing while measuring truly round profiles. Application of the procedures given in the paper enables significant improvement of accuracy in measurements of roundness, eccentricity and differences of diameters of small precise holes without their perfect positioning.     

Tilted resonator experiments on a quasioptical gyrotron

Tilting the resonator axis slightly with respect to the magnetic field axis in the quasioptical gyrotron (QOG) is predicted greatly to enlarge the parameter space available for stable, single-mode operation. Greater interaction efficiency is also predicted for single-mode operation. A resonator with a 2° tilt has been tested on the QOG experiment at the Naval Research Laboratory. The operation of this resonator has been compared to an untilted, but otherwise identical, resonator. Multimode operation of the two resonators was very similar, in contrast to predictions. However, an output power of 600 kW was produced at an efficiency of 8% and a frequency of 120 GHz. At lower power, efficiencies above 12% were observed. The efficiency of single-mode operation appears to be raised significantly by tilting the resonator axis.     

Power and efficiency of a continuous HF chemical laser

Experimental measurements of laser power output and chemical efficiency are reported for a continuous HF chemical laser. In this device, arc-heated N2is mixed in a plenum with SF6to provide F atoms. The mixture is expanded to form a supersonic jet into which H2is diffused. Population inversion and lasing are due to H2+ F → HF(υ) + H,upsilon leq 3, DeltaH = -31.7 kcal. Power levels up to 1 kW have been obtained. The efficiency of conversion of chemical energy to laser power is 16 percent at low SF6flow rates and approximately 10 percent at peak power. For a fixed arc power, addition of O2into the plenum raises peak power by about 25 percent under present operating conditions and reduces sulphur deposition on mirror surfaces. The presence of HF and DF in the plenums of DF and HF lasers, respectively, did not appear to degrade laser performance. (HF and DF levels up to 10 percent of the local F concentration were studied.) However, the presence of HF and DF in the plenums of HF and DF lasers, respectively, did degrade laser output. For given flow conditions, peak net laser power was obtained when the optical cavity axis was about 2 cm downstream of the H2injection station. The net output power was reduced to zero when the cavity axis location was increased to 5 cm.     

大功率体光栅外腔半导体激光器的输出特性

宽条形大功率半导体激光器(LD)存在光谱温漂系数大、光谱宽度宽的缺点,为了改善宽条形大功率半导体激光器的光谱特性,采用一种体光栅(VBG)离轴外腔方法实现了宽条形大功率半导体激光器光谱特性的明显改善和高效率工作.宽条形半导体激光器的外腔结构主要包括激光器输出光束的快、慢轴准直光学透镜和离轴放置的体光栅.宽条形半导体激光器的激射条宽为100μm,当激光器工作电流为4.0 A时,外腔激光器的输出功率高达3.4 W,斜率效率为1.0 W/A,光谱宽度由自由出射条件下的2~3 nm减少为0.2 nm,峰值波长的温漂系数小于0.015 nm/℃.     

宽反射角DBR红光发光二极管

对用于提高AlGaInP红光发光二极管出光效率的传统DBR进行了分析,用MOCVD生长了包含对垂直入射光反射的DBR和对斜入射光反射的DBR复合在一起的红光LED,在20 mA注入电流下,LED的峰值波长为630 nm,轴向光强达到137 mcd,输出光功率为2.32 mW.与常规的LED相比,光强和输出光功率有很大的提高.     

3KW轴快流气体激光器电源控制系统的设计

在轴快流气体激光器的设计中 ,利用单片机系统控制激光器电源的工作模式和输出功率 ,实现了激光器的脉冲和连续两种工作模式 ,每种模式的输出功率连续可调 ,并实现增强脉冲输出 ,以满足激光加工的需要     

Fusion splices for single-mode optical fibers

A practical low loss splicing method based on the discharge fusion for single-mode fibers was developed. Average splice losses of 0.4, 0.2, and 0.1 dB for fibers with 5.2, 7, and 10 μm core diameters, respectively, are obtained by a simple apparatus utilizing the self-alignment effect due to the surface tension of melted fiber ends. The surface tension effect is analyzed both experimentally and theoretically. Experimental splice losses, both after and during heating, coincide with the theoretical estimated values. It was found that the optimum heating temperature for low loss splices is near 2000°C at 8.5 W electric discharge power. Splicing loss causes are examined. The main cause of the practical splice loss is the residual core axis misalignment caused by an insufficient surface tension effect and core eccentricity with respect to cladding.     

一阶喇曼光纤激光器的模拟及分析

介绍了以掺磷光纤为增益介质的一阶喇曼光纤激光器的一般结构模型和耦合方程组。利用数值方法进行了模拟分析,在此基础上,分析比较了光纤长度、输出反射镜反射率、泵浦功率等因素对输出功率和阈值的影响。最后给出了综合优化设计。     

大口径凹椭球面反射镜光轴偏心测量方法

大口径凹椭球面反射镜光轴偏心会引起遥感相机光学系统失调,导致成像焦面与设计位置偏离。针对此问题,根据反射镜的几何参数设计了基于平晶补偿的消球差系统,通过灵敏度分析计算得到系统中平晶失调1″对系统像差无影响,主镜失调1″带来0.04λ (λ=632.8 nm)的彗差。结合仿真计算的结果,搭建测试光路,并利用经纬仪和激光跟踪仪对反射镜进行偏心测量。误差分析表明:主镜倾斜测量误差约为1.2″,主镜偏心测量误差为0.028 mm,可以满足绝大部分空间遥感相机大口径反射镜的测量需求。