三种理气类中药挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

研究了三种(厚朴、檀香、木香)理气类中药挥发油的化学成分。用水蒸气蒸馏提取三种药材的挥发油,用GC-MS分离检测其化学成分,并结合气相色谱程序升温指数辅助定性确定出挥发油中的化学组分。鉴定出木香挥发油中29个成分(占挥发油总量的92.00%);厚朴挥发油中26个成分(占挥发油总量的91.88%);檀香挥发油中10个成分(占挥发油总量的94.51%),三中药物挥发油的主要成分大不相同。计算了各种化合物的保留指数,使用保留指数辅助定性鉴定出的化合物所占挥发油百分含量明显多于文献中所报道的数据。     

GC-MS联用法分析白芷挥发油的化学成分

目的:研究白芷挥发油的化学成分,并推测其主要成分的质谱裂解规律。方法:采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取白芷挥发油,GC毛细管柱色谱法分析并以峰面积归一化法检测化学成分的相对含量,再以气相色谱-质谱联用技术辅助人工检索鉴定其化学成分。结果:鉴定出39个化合物并推测单萜及其衍生物的质谱裂解规律为支链断裂后六元环开环。结论:本研究通过对白芷挥发油成分的分析及其主成分化合物质谱裂解规律的总结,为其质量控制及标准制定提供科学依据。     

下垂白千层枝叶挥发油化学组成的研究

用挥发油提取器提取下垂白千层枝叶中挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析其中的化学成分,采用GC峰面积归一化法定量,鉴定出18种化合物,占挥发油总量的97.46%以上,主要成分为丁香酚甲醚（89.54%）,肉桂酸甲酯（4.57%）等。     

GC-MS联用法分析紫锥菊地上部分挥发油的化学成分

研究紫锥菊地上部分挥发油的化学成分并将其分类,并列举出其主要类别化合物。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取紫锥菊挥发油,GC毛细管柱色谱法分析并以峰面积归一化法检测化学成分的相对含量,以气相色谱-质谱联用技术辅助人工检索鉴定其化学成分。结果:在挥发油中检出47个化合物,鉴定出22个化合物,用面积归一法计算各个成分的百分含量。鉴定出的挥发油占挥发油总量的27.366%,其中萜类化合物占12种,芳香族类化合物3种,烯烃类5种,酯类2种,分别占17.861%、2.477%、5.854%、1.174%。结论:紫锥菊挥发性成分较复杂,本文通过对紫锥菊挥发油成分的分析及其主成分化合物的总结,为其质量控制及标准制定提供科学依据。     

不同产地茴香根皮挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取10个不同产地小茴香根挥发油,运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)进行化学成分分析,面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。结果表明,从10个不同产地的茴香根挥发油中共鉴定出26个成分,其中肖尔巴格乡、阿瓦提乡、塔城、巴格其镇、疏附县、拉丝奎镇、芒来乡、伊犁、墨玉县、布扎克乡分别鉴定出了13、7、11、10、14、11、14、11、10、10个成分,其中莳萝芹菜脑、洋芹脑和肉豆蔻醚是它们的共有成分和主要成分,莳萝芹菜脑占挥发油总量的90.81%~96.18%,洋芹脑占挥发油总量的0.54%~2.76%,肉豆蔻醚占挥发油总量的0.10%~3.33%。     

越南清化肉桂桂皮挥发油的化学成分研究

用挥发油提取器提取越南清化肉桂桂皮中挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析其中的化学成分,采用GC峰面积归一化法定量,鉴定出16种化合物,占挥发油总量的92%以上,主要成分为反式肉桂醛、玷王巴烯等.     

海南油杉叶挥发油化学成分研究

文章采用水蒸气蒸馏萃取法提取海南油杉叶挥发油化学成分,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用仪从中分离鉴定出41种化学成分,占挥发油总量的97.955%。其中主要成分为β-Caryophyllene(13.372%),β-Pinene(12.398%)和α-pinene(11.665%)。所得的挥发油抗肿瘤细胞实验表明其对BEL-7402,SGC-7901和K-562肿瘤细胞表现出中等抑制活性。     

贵州湄潭苦丁茶挥发性成分的GC/MS分析

研究了贵州湄潭产苦丁茶挥发油的化学成分。用水蒸气蒸馏提取贵州苦丁茶挥发油,用GC-MS分析和鉴定出化学成分,使用峰面积归一法确定其百分含量。结果表明:挥发性成分的得率分别为0.17%。从苦丁茶挥发油中鉴定出13种(占挥发油总量的81.64%)化合物,苦丁茶挥发油的主要成分是β-芳樟醇、β-月桂烯、α-松油醇、(Z)-柠檬醛、(E)橙花醇。不同地区的苦丁茶挥发油的主要成分和含量差异差较大,在其饮品开发利用中都应区别对待。     

类叶牡丹挥发油成分GC-MS分析

目的:分析类叶牡丹中挥发油的化学成分。方法:采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取类叶牡丹中的挥发油,并通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用仪对其化学成分进行分析。结果:从类叶牡丹挥发油中共检出46个色谱峰,鉴定了44个,占挥发油总量的97.73%,主要成分为棕榈酸(29.686%)、2-正戊基呋喃(6.885%)、正己醇(5.343%)、反,顺-7,11-十六碳二烯基乙酸酯(5.145%)等。结论:首次对类叶牡丹中的挥发油成分进行分析,为其进一步开发利用提供了科学依据。     

斜叶黄檀心材精油成分的GC-MS分析

利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术分析斜叶黄檀心材精油的化学成分,共鉴定出38个化合物,占挥发油总量的73.53%,其中榄香素为主要成分,含量为50.58%。采用硅胶柱色谱技术结合核磁共振波谱技术完成榄香素的分离提纯及结构鉴定。分离榄香素后的精油再经GC-MS分析共鉴定出55个化合物,占挥发油总量的66.54%。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.