基于MPPT的变速恒频双馈风力发电系统控制策略

充分利用风能是风力发电控制的主要目的之一,为达此目的,本文基于风力机特性和双馈风力发电机的数学模型,提出了一种不依赖于风速测量来实现双馈风力发电系统最大功率点追踪(MPPT)控制的策略。该策略应用定子磁链定向矢量控制技术,对双馈发电机进行有功功率和无功功率的解耦控制,然后通过对发电机输出有功功率进行控制来间接得到与风速相对应的最佳叶尖速比和最优转速,从而实现最大功率点追踪(MPPT)控制。仿真结果证实了基于该方法,双馈风力发电系统在风速变化过程中能自动寻找并追随最大功率点,且控制相对简单,运行可靠,有较高的实用价值。     

模糊控制器专用集成电路的设计与实现

提出了一种用数字逻辑电路设计模糊控制器的方法。该模糊控制器电路不用ＣＰＵ，全部算法由数字逻辑电路实现，具有运算速度快的特点，适合于需要高速控制的场合。该模糊控制器电路具有被激活的规则自动生成功能，不需要大规模的ＲＡＭ或ＲＯＭ存储模糊规则，电路规模小，易于实现，特别适合于输出控制量为离散值的应用场合。已在一片ＦＰＧＡＸｉｌｉｎｘ４０１０ＰＧ１９１－６上实现了该模糊控制器电路，并成功地应用于温控系统。     

Fuzzy logic based on-line efficiency optimization control of anindirect vector-controlled induction motor drive

Improvement of adjustable speed drive system efficiency is important not only from the viewpoints of energy saving and cooling system operation, but also from the broad perspective of environmental pollution. The paper describes a fuzzy logic based on-line efficiency optimization control of a drive that uses an indirect vector controlled induction motor speed control system in the inner loop. At steady-state light-load condition, a fuzzy controller adaptively decrements the excitation current on the basis of measured input power such that, for a given load torque and speed, the drive settles down to the minimum input power, i.e., operates at maximum efficiency. The low-frequency pulsating torque due to decrementation of rotor flux is compensated in a feedforward manner. If the load torque or speed command changes, the efficiency search algorithm is abandoned and the rated flux is established to get the best transient response. The drive system with the proposed efficiency optimization controller has been simulated with lossy models of the converter and machine, and its performance has been thoroughly investigated. An experimental drive system with the proposed controller implemented on a TMS320C25 digital signal processor, has been tested in the laboratory to validate the theoretical development     

Wind Speed Estimation Based Sensorless Output Maximization Control for a Wind Turbine Driving a DFIG

This paper proposes a wind speed estimation based sensorless maximum wind power tracking control for variable-speed wind turbine generators (WTGs). A specific design of the proposed control algorithm for a wind turbine equipped with a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is presented. The aerodynamic characteristics of the wind turbine are approximated by a Gaussian radial basis function network based nonlinear input-output mapping. Based on this nonlinear mapping, the wind speed is estimated from the measured generator electrical output power while taking into account the power losses in the WTG and the dynamics of the WTG shaft system. The estimated wind speed is then used to determine the optimal DFIG rotor speed command for maximum wind power extraction. The DFIG speed controller is suitably designed to effectively damp the low-frequency torsional oscillations. The resulting WTG system delivers maximum electrical power to the grid with high efficiency and high reliability without mechanical anemometers. The validity of the proposed control algorithm is verified by simulation studies on a 3.6MW WTG system. In addition, the effectiveness of the proposed wind speed estimation algorithm is demonstrated by experimental studies on a small emulational WTG system.     

基于80C196KC的风力发电系统功率控制器设计

通过对独立运行风力发电系统的能量流动关系的分析与研究,得出了系统运行的工作模式。提出了通过调节电磁转矩-转速特性调节功率的一种控制策略,使风力发电机输出在额定风速以下自动跟踪负载用电量。为了运用此控制策略,采用单片机80C196KC作为控制芯片,设计了用于控制发电机输出功率的电子调节装置。搭建了小型风力发电系统实验平台并进行了实验研究,实验结果验证了本文设计的功率控制器有效地解决了独立运行小型风力发电系统功率平衡问题。     

Sensorless variable-speed controller for existing fixed-speed wind power generator with unity-power-factor operation

A variable-speed controller, for an existing 225 kW fixed-speed wind power generator, is presented in this paper. A sensorless direct torque control algorithm-based controller is proposed for the squirrel-cage induction generator. Generator torque reference is derived based on sensorless maximum power tracking mode algorithm, up to the base speed of the generator. A three-phase front-end converter is used here to deliver the generated power to the grid with unity-power-factor operation at all wind speeds. This algorithm is based on direct active and reactive power control. The experimental waveforms from the actual installation site are presented in this paper with a comparison of the existing fixed-speed system. An interpretation of the results is also presented here.     

Energy Management Fuzzy Logic Supervisory for Electric Vehicle Power Supplies System

This paper introduces an energy management strategy based on fuzzy logic supervisory for road electric vehicle, combining a fuel cell power source and two energy storage devices, i.e., batteries and ultracapacitors. The control strategy is designed to achieve the high-efficiency operation region of the individual power source and to regulate current and voltage at peak and average power demand, without compromising the performance and efficiency of the overall system. A multiple-input power electronic converter makes the interface among generator, energy storage devices, and the voltage dc-link bus. Classical regulators implement the control loops of each input of the converter. The supervisory system coordinates the power flows among the power sources and the load. The paper is mainly focused on the fuzzy logic supervisory for energy management of a specific power electronic converter control algorithm. Nevertheless, the proposed system can be easily adapted to other converters arrangements or to distributed generation applications. Simulation and experimental results on a 3-kW prototype prove that the fuzzy logic is a suitable energy management control strategy.     

兆瓦级风力发电机组变桨距控制系统研究

分析和建立了兆瓦级风力发电机组各个部分机理模型以及有效风速的模型,针对变桨距风力发电机组在低风速最大风能捕获和高风速额定功率保持的控制目标,建立数学模型。并应用MATLAB对PID控制器下的系统模型进行仿真,结果表明模型的可行性。     

电力电子技术在风光互补发电系统中的应用

风光互补路灯系统,是一种将光能和风能转化为电能并用于路灯照明的综合发电装置。阐述了如何将先进的电力电子技术运用到该系统的永磁发动机和智能控制器等重要部件上,旨在扩大风力发电的功率范围和有效利用蓄电池并延长其使用期限,从而提高整个系统的运行效率与可靠性。     

NLCC controller for SEPIC-based micro-wind energy conversion system

The growth of the power industry is gaining greater momentum as the usage of the non-conventional energy sources that include fuel, solar, and wind energies, increases. Wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) are gaining more popularity and are expected to be able to control the power at the output. This paper describes the current control (CC), non-linear carrier charge control (NLCCC), and fuzzy logic control (FLC) applied to the single-ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC)-based WECS. The current controller has an inherent overcurrent protection with better line noise rejection. The pulses for the switch of the SEPIC are obtained by comparing the current flowing through it with the virtual current reference. FLC is also investigated for the micro-wind energy conversion system (μWECS), since it improves the damping characteristics of WECS over a wide range of operating points. This cannot attain the unity power factor rectification. In this paper, NLCCC is proposed for high-power factor rectifier-based SEPIC in continuous conduction mode (CCM) for μWECS. The proposed converter provides an output voltage with low input current ripple due to the presence of the inductor at the input side. By comparing the signal proportional to the integral of switch current with a periodic non-linear carrier wave, the duty ratio of the converter switch is determined for the NLCC controller. By selecting the shape of the periodic non-linear carrier wave the input-line current can be made to follow the input-line voltage. This work employs a parabolic carrier waveform generator. The output voltage is regulated for changes in the wind speed. The results obtained prove the effectiveness of the NLCC controller in improving the power factor.     

Neue 1,5-MW-Windkraftanlage WT1566 — eine österreichische Entwicklung

The utilization of wind power allows the increase of the share of electricity supply by renewable energy sources. In a research and demonstration project which was funded by the European Commission a wind turbine with 1.5 MW rated power was developed. By optimizing the system components especially for sites with relatively low wind speed conditions and by choosing a high rated power it was attempted to reach fairly competitive electricity generating costs. A variable rate of revolutions per minute and pitch control yield to a maximum energy output. The generator is equipped with highly efficient power electronics using an IGBT (isolated gate bipolar transitor) inverter, thus assuring high efficiency with little harmonic distortions on the grid. Prior to this project a similar smaller wind turbine (600 MW) of the same design has been erected and put into operation. The 1.5 MW wind power plant has been successfully connected to the grid in November 1998.     

Solid State Voltage and Frequency Controller for a Stand Alone Wind Power Generating System

This paper deals with the voltage and frequency controller of a wind turbine driven isolated asynchronous generator. The proposed voltage and frequency controller consists of an insulated gate bipolar junction transistor based voltage source converter along-with battery energy storage system at its dc link. The proposed controller is having bidirectional active and reactive powers flow capability by which it controls the system voltage and frequency with variation of consumer loads and the speed of the wind turbine. It is also having capability of harmonic elimination and load balancing. The proposed electro-mechanical system along with its controller is modeled and simulated in MATLAB using Simulink and power system block-set toolboxes. Performance of the proposed controller is presented to demonstrate voltage and frequency control of a wind turbine driven isolated asynchronous generator along with harmonic elimination and load balancing.     

风电储能系统能量调度策略研究

为了改善风电场发电的稳定性,抑制风电引起的电压波动与闪变,提高含风电电力系统的稳定性问题成为重要的研究内容,本文在简要介绍风电的特点的基础上,针对风电并网带来的电能质量及稳定性等问题,阐述了基于能量调度技术的解决方案,详细介绍了基于模糊理论＂最大-最小＂算法的调度系统控制器和系统其它主要部分的模型及仿真结果。控制器根据负荷用电量预测信息控制储能系统的充放电,不仅能有效抑制并网后电网的电能波动也能优化风电的发电质量。MATLAB仿真结果表明,风电储能系统能量调度策略和控制器是有效的,该系统能够有效减小风电场并网功率的波动。     

Autopilot System for Kiteplane

This paper proposes an autopilot system for a small and light unmanned air vehicle called Kiteplane. The Kiteplane has a large delta-shaped main wing that is easily disturbed by the wind, which was minimized by utilizing trim flight with drift. The proposed control system for autonomous trajectory following with a wind disturbance included fuzzy logic controllers, a speed controller, a wind disturbance attenuation block, and low-level feedback controllers. The system was implemented onboard the aircraft. Experiments were performed to test the performance of the proposed system and the Kiteplane nearly succeeded in following the desired trajectory, under the wind disturbance. Although the path was not followed perfectly, the airplane was able to traverse the waypoints by utilizing a failsafe waypoint updating rule.     

VACON变频器在直驱型风力发电系统独立变桨中的应用可行性分析

直驱型风力发电系统是一种应用前景看好的变速恒频风力发电方案,为提高风能的利用率和风力发电经济效益,提高系统稳定性降低维修成本,迫切要求对风力机进行独立变桨控制。本文介绍了直驱型风力发电系统的拓扑原理和风力机的特性曲线,并以基于同步电动机的变桨执行机构为平台,介绍了Vacon NX型变频器的控制功能,并对其在独立变桨场合的应用可行性进行了分析,由Vacon NX系列变频器的各项参数和性能指标可知,其应用于变桨控制中是可行的,是实现高效、可靠独立变桨控制的良好途径之一。     

双馈型风力发电机变流器控制技术研究

本文以双馈型变速恒频风力发电系统的运行与控制为主题,从理论到实验进行了全面、深入的研究;设计并构建了一套完整的1650kW双馈型变速恒频风力发电实验系统,完成了变速恒频发电机运行试验、空载并网实验、变流器运行实验等一系列实验内容。丰富、详实的实验研究结果,验证了本文理论研究的正确性。     

Lateral stabilization of a four wheel independent drive electric vehicle on slippery roads

In this paper, a new controller is proposed for lateral stabilization of four wheel independent drive electric vehicles without mechanical differential. The proposed controller has three levels including high, medium and low control levels. Desired vehicle dynamics such as reference longitudinal speed and reference yaw rate are determined by higher level of controller. Moreover, using a neural network observer and a fuzzy logic controller, a novel reference longitudinal speed generator system is presented. This system guarantees the vehicle’s stable motion on the slippery roads. In this paper, a new sliding mode controller is proposed and its stability is proved by Lyapunov stability theorem. This sliding mode control structure is faster, more accurate, more robust, and with smaller chattering than classic sliding mode controller. Based on the proposed sliding mode controller, the medium control level is designed to determine the desired traction force and yaw moment. Therefore, suitable wheel forces are calculated. Finally, the effectiveness of the introduced controller is investigated through conducted simulations in CARSIM and MATLAB software environments.     

水力机组模糊分数阶控制器设计

为了提高水力发电机组过渡动态性能,利用模糊控制理论设计了基于分数阶的模糊分数阶控制器,并将其应用于水轮机调速系统,利用PSO优化算法对控制器的参数进行优化.与常规PID控制器进行对比实验,实验结果表明,模糊分数阶控制比传统PID控制具有更好的动态性能,对于水轮机转速调节是一种有效的控制手段.     

变频技术在风电设备中的应用

主要围绕变频技术在风电设备中的应用展开研究,以变速恒频双馈风力发电机为研究对象。对发电系统中交流励磁控制方式常见的变频装置进行了比较分析,对选择的双PWM变换器交流励磁变速恒频风力发电系统的两个控制单元——网侧PWM变换器和转子侧PWM变换器进行了控制策略分析及仿真。     

变速恒频双馈风力发电系统最优风能捕获控制

从分析风力机运行特性出发，研究实现最优风能捕获的系统控制方法。并采用定子磁场定向的矢量控制技术，对双馈发电机转子进行交流励磁，实现发电机有功、无功及转速的独立控制，从而获得最大风能捕获的高效发电运行。仿真结果验证了文中所提出控制策略的正确性和有效性。