Cu-Sn合金电镀

概述了含有焦磷酸Ｃｕ＾２＋盐和Ｓｎ＾２＋盐,Ｃｕ＾２＋和Ｓｎ＾２＋的络合剂焦磷酸钾（或钠）,特定组合添加剂等组成的Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ合金无氰镀液,可以获得银白色、黄金色、赤铜色和淡黑色等色调的Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ合金镀层,适用于装饰品的表面精饰。     

柠檬酸—EDTA电镀光亮Sn—Pb合金的研究：（I）工艺研究

研究了以柠檬酸和ＥＤＴＡ为络合剂，ＱＢ－１为添加剂的电镀光亮Ｓｎ－Ｐｂ合金工艺。探讨了络合剂含量、〔Ｓｎ＾２＋〕／〔Ｐｂ＾２＋〕、阴极电流密度及温度对镀层中Ｐｂ含量的影响。综合考虑合金镀层组成、镀层的光泽度及镀液的稳定性，确定了电镀光亮Ｓｎ－Ｐｂ合金的最佳镀液组成及工艺条件。     

Sn和Sn-Pb合金电镀

概述了含有可溶性Ｓｎ＾２＋盐和Ｐｂ＾２＋盐,有机磺酸等组成的Ｓｎ和Ｓｎ－Ｐｂ合金电镀液,所获得的Ｓｎ和Ｓｎ－Ｐｂ合金镀层在施行弯曲、切削和切断等加工时产生的镀层金属屑极少,适用于半导体器件、连接器、阴容元件等电子部件的引线或电极的表面可焊性镀层。     

铝及其合金锡盐电解着色特效稳定剂的研究

铝及其合金电解着色中由于Ｓｎ＾２＋易被氧化成Ｓｎ＾４＋,ＳＮ＾４＋水解生成Ｓｎ（ＯＨ）４沉淀,使着色液稳定性下降。为提高电解液的稳定性和着色效果,研制了一种复合稳定剂,分析了其作用机理。该稳定剂与Ｓｎ＾２＋形成稳定络合物,阻止了Ｓｎ＾２＋氧化,且增大了Ｓｎ＾２＋沉积的阴极极化。本法具有成本低、着色快、着色效果好等优点。     

锡镍镀液中Sn^2＋和Ni^2＋离子浓度的伏安测定

采用ＤＺ－１Ｂ型电镀添加剂测定仪测定锡镍合金镀液中主盐的浓度，实验结果表明，应用玻碳电极和汞膜电极可快速测定合金镀液中Ｓｎ＾２＋和Ｎｉ＾２＋离子的浓度，操作简便，适用于电镀车间生产的现场监控。     

高效液膜分离富集水和工业废水中微量氟

用Ｎ５０３、ＳＰＡＮ８０和煤油等太液膜体系分离集Ｆ，在适宜条件下能迅速、定量迁移富集Ｆ。许多常见离子在此条件下，则不能通过液膜迁移内相中，从含有Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｃｏ＾２＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋、Ｃｒ＾３＋和Ｍｎ＾３＋等离子混合溶液２中分离富集Ｆ，氟的回收率为９９．５－１００．４％，ＲＳＤ在３．８％以下。     

根据固溶体理论探讨锡铬红色料晶体结构和降低成本的途径

根据固溶体的理论探讨了锡铬红色料晶体结构,指出Ｃｒ＾４＋进入晶格取代Ｓｎ＾４＋形成有限置换型固溶体,同时也提出以ＴｉＯ２部分取代ＳｎＯ２作原料可降低成本。     

液膜分离富集汞与测量痕量汞

有Ｄ２ＥＨＰＡ,ＴＯＡ,兰１３Ａ和煤油乳状液膜体系,研究了Ｈｇ＾２＋的迁移富行为,适宜条件下,Ｈｇ＾２＋,的迁移率达９９．７％以上,在此条件下,许多共存离子如Ｃｕ＾２＋,Ｐｂ＾２＋,Ｚｎ＾２＋,Ｓｎ＾４＋,Ｃｏ＾２＋,Ｎｉ＾２＋,Ｃｄ＾２＋,∑ＲＥ＾３＋,Ｃａ＾２＋,Ｍｇ＾２＋,Ａｌ＾３＋,Ｆｅ＾３＋和Ｍｎ＾２＋等都不被迁移,只有Ｈｇ＾２＋能与这些离子得到很好的分离。已成功地应用于测定水和工业废水     

色淀化剂对色酚类偶氮色淀颜料性能的影响

本文研究了以２Ｂ酸（４－氯－２－氨基－５－甲基－苯磺酸）为重氮组份，色酚ＡＳ－ＯＬ（Ｎ－邻甲氧基苯基－３－羟基－２－萘甲酰胺）为偶合组分，采用Ｃａ＾２＋，Ｓｒ＾２＋，Ｂａ＾２＋，Ｍｇ＾２＋，Ｍｎ＾２＋，Ｚｎ＾２＋等金属盐为色淀化剂制备色淀颜料，观察不同色淀化剂对色淀颜料的色光，晶型及耐热稳定性的影响，结果表明，采用不同金属盐为色淀化剂，对色淀颜料的色光，色力及耐热稳定性有明显影响。     

磺酸盐溶液中的铅锡合金电镀研究

本文研究了一个氨基磺酸盐电镀液，可以用来在铜板表面，电沉积出Ｐｂ／Ｓｎ为９０／１０到４０／６０组成的铅锡二元合金。在２５℃，ＰＨ值１．２的镀液中，通常可采用０．５Ａ／ｄｍ＾２的电流密度。本文研究了一系列的镀液添加剂，发现采用１．５ｇ／Ｌ胨＋１．５ｇ／Ｌ朋胶＋１．５ｇ／Ｌ联苯三酚可获得最好的镀层质量。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.