Enhanced Control Algorithm in PMSMs with Machine Current Sensor FDI and Current Management for Hardware Protection

Abstract

This paper proposes an enhanced control algorithm in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) with machine current sensor fault detection and isolation (FDI) and current management for hardware protection. Different from existing work on machine current sensor FDI, the proposed method addresses the sensor FDI problem under co-existence of PMSM current sensor and non-sensor imbalance faults, and thereby help prevent the controller performance degradation caused by a faulty machine current sensor signal. Meanwhile, hardware protection is achieved through the proposed algorithm which has a unique feature of providing online overcurrent regulation and source power management at the same time to enhance protection of power inverter and power source. Benchmark comparison of the proposed sensor FDI method to state-of-the-art techniques is carried out to validate the good performance of the proposed FDI method in terms of fault detection time, false detection rate and missed detection rate. Sensitivity analysis of the proposed current management algorithm with overcurrent regulation and source power management is performed under changing rotor flux linkage and machine stator d-axis self-inductance, as an example to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed algorithm for hardware protection against system parameter variations. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is confirmed by simulation results in MATLAB for a PMSM.     

Optimum torque control of permanent-magnet AC Machines in the field-weakened region

This paper presents a novel current regulation algorithm for permanent-magnet ac (PMAC) machines that provides maximum torque-per-ampere capability in the entire field-weakened region. The algorithm provides robust current regulation with maximum efficiency and torque capability for PMAC machines despite significant changes in the voltage source and machine parameters. The algorithm identifies when the current regulator starts to saturate and determines the optimum d-axis current command for the machine. The q-axis current command is determined from the torque command and d-axis current feedback. When the voltage angle reaches the maximum angle, the current magnitude is decreased to provide maximum torque per ampere. Experimental results from a machine prototype show that the algorithm provides good overall dynamic response and smooth transitions into the field-weakened region with maximum torque-per-ampere capability in all four quadrants of operation.     

Fast current trajectory tracking control based on synchronousoptimal pulsewidth modulation

State-of-the-art pulsewidth modulation techniques fail to give satisfactory results when high-bandwidth torque control is required at the low switching frequency of modern high-power AC machine drives. A novel current control method refers to precalculated optimal synchronous pulse patterns. These are used to generate specific current reference trajectories to be adapted on-line to the actual dynamic torque command. A fast tracking controller, operated in parallel to a conventional PI controller, minimizes the trajectory tracking error. The optimized current trajectories ensure maximum response and minimum harmonic distortion     

New Simple High‐Quality Torque Control for Permanent‐Magnet Synchronous Motors: Compensating for Torque Ripple Caused by Nonsinusoidal Back EMF

This paper proposes a new and simple torque‐sensorless torque control method for permanent‐magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) with nonsinusoidal back EMF. The method suppresses the sixth and/or 12th harmonic torque ripples caused by the back EMF in a feedforward manner even at high speeds; it consists of two subordinate methods for compensation command generation and command‐tracking current control. The first subordinate method generates compensation current commands to cancel the torque ripples based on a mathematical model of PMSMs. The second method controls the stator current to track a current command containing both fundamental and compensatory components. In conjunction with the current control, a dedicated disturbance observer that employs a digital speed‐varying band‐pass filter as a disturbance filter is also proposed. The effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed method were verified through extensive experiments.     

同步磁阻电机定子电流最优控制

针对磁路饱和对同步磁阻电机运行特性的影响,提出了定子电流最优控制策略。通过有限元法对电感与电流的非线性关系进行拟合,并利用拟合结果得到最优定子电流随转矩变化的运行轨迹,以实现同步磁阻电机最大转矩电流比(MTPA)控制;同时对于交直轴电流环相互耦合的问题,提出磁路饱和补偿的电流环设计,以提高其动静态性能。仿真与试验结果验证了该方案的有效性。     

Current Control of Induction Machines in the Field-Weakened Region

This paper presents a novel current regulation algorithm for induction machines that enables smooth operation and maximum torque-per-ampere capability over the entire field-weakened region. The algorithm enables robust current regulation with maximum torque capability despite significant variation in voltage source and machine parameters. The algorithm identifies when the current regulator begins to saturate and determines the optimum d-axis current command for the machine. The q-axis current command is determined as a function of the torque command and the d-axis current feedback. In the field-weakened region, the -axis current is monitored not to exceed the maximum -axis current. The maximum q-axis current is calculated based on the maximum slip frequency, which is a function of rotor frequency, q-axis current gesmaximum q-axis current (in motoring mode) indicates that the machine entered field-weakened region II, and the -axis current is limited to its maximum value. Experimental results from a machine prototype show that the algorithm provides good overall dynamic response and smooth transitions into the field-weakened region with maximum torque-per-ampere capability in all four quadrants of operation.     

一种内置式永磁同步电动机的非线性转矩控制方法

提出并仿真验证了一种内置式永磁同步电动机的简化的非线性控制方法。该方法根据速度和直流电源的电压来调整电流命令,同时充分利用了内置式永磁同步电动机的转矩,实现了MTPA最大转矩/电流和弱磁两种控制模式。对于电机转矩和电流命令间的非线性关系,采用了泰勒级数展开的方法实现了线性化。该方法不需要查表,计算量也很小,通过在20 kW电机模型中仿真,验证了算法的稳态和动态性能。     

考虑参数不确定的永磁同步电机MTPA控制综述

内嵌式永磁同步电机(interior permanent magnet synchronous motor,IPMSM)最大转矩电流比(maximum torque per ampere,MTPA)控制方法充分利用磁阻转矩,降低电枢电流,提升系统效率,成为现代电机驱动控制的重要发展方向。在实际运行过程中,电机参数不确定导致MTPA控制偏离最优解,因此提高MTPA控制的鲁棒性和实用性具有重要意义。该文着重介绍了考虑参数不确定的多种MTPA控制方法,归纳和总结了相关方法的关键技术和研究成果。重点阐述了高频信号注入法的理论核心,探讨了由信号注入法演化而来的其他方法的性能优势和应用局限,并提出一种改进的MTPA控制方案。最后,针对考虑参数不确定的内嵌式永磁同步电机MTPA控制方法目前亟需解决的问题和发展趋势进行分析和展望。     

同步磁阻电机最优电流角控制

对于同步磁阻电机在运行过程中受到磁路饱和与电压极限的影响,本文提出了最优电流角控制策略。采用Ansoft软件对电机内部磁场进行有限元仿真,对dq轴电感的耦合与饱和现象进行拟合,并利用拟合结果得到最优电流角随负载转矩变化的轨迹,以实现同步磁阻电机最大转矩电流比(MTPA)控制;同时考虑电压、电流极限对电机运行的影响,使电机在高速运行时可以实现空载到满载的稳定运行。通过建立考虑磁路饱和的同步磁阻电机数学模型进行仿真验证,而实验结果也说明了该方案的可行性与有效性。     

Position sensorless control of IPMSMs based on a novel flux model suitable for maximum torque control

In this paper, a novel position sensorless control method for interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) that is based on a novel ?ux model suitable for maximum torque control has been proposed. Maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control is often utilized for driving IPMSMs with the maximum e?ciency. In order to implement this control, generally, the accurate motor parameters are required. However, the inductance varies dramatically because of magnetic saturation, which has been one of the most important problems in recent years. Therefore, the conventional MTPA control method fails to achieve maximum e?ciency for IPMSMs because of parameter mismatches. In this paper, ?rst, a novel ?ux model has been proposed for realizing the position sensorless control of IPMSMs, which is insensitive to L_q. In addition, in this paper it is shown that the proposed ?ux model can approximately estimate the maximum torque control (MTC) frame, which is a new coordinate aligned with the current vector for MTPA control. Next, in this paper, a precise estimation method for the MTC frame has been proposed. By this method, highly accurate maximum torque control can be achieved. A decoupling control algorithm based on the proposed model is also addressed in this paper. Finally, some experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and e?ectiveness of the proposed method. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 184(3): 55–66, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22380     

一种新的内置式永磁同步电机弱磁调速控制方法

提出了一种新的内置式永磁同步电机弱磁调速的电流调节算法。该算法能够保证电机在整个弱磁调速区以最大的转矩电流比运行。其d轴电流根据外部转矩、转速给定和母线电压值的变化来决定,q轴电流分量则由d轴电流值和转速值来决定。文章通过系统仿真验证了该算法具有动态反应快、调速区间转换平稳的特性。     

基于参数辨识的永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制

针对电机运行过程中参数变化会影响永磁同步电机(PMSM)无位置传感器控制性能的问题,将递推的最小二乘法(RLS)用于PMSM参数的在线辨识,在最大转矩电流比控制策略下,使用基于BP神经网络改进的模型参考自适应系统构建无位置传感器控制方案,提出了基于在线参数辨识的PMSM无位置传感器控制方案。运用递推的RLS对PMSM的交轴电感和转子磁链进行在线辨识,并将参数辨识结果应用于电机无位置传感器算法中。仿真和试验证明了基于递推的RLS参数辨识算法可以对PMSM的转子磁链和交轴电感值进行准确辨识,基于参数辨识的PMSM无位置传感器控制方案性能更好。     

New Simple Torque‐Sensorless Torque Control for Quasi‐perfect Compensation of Sixth‐Harmonic Torque Ripple Due to Nonsinusoidal Distribution of Back EMF of PMSM

This paper proposes a new torque‐sensorless torque control method for permanent‐magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). The proposed method can almost perfectly compensate the sixth harmonic torque ripple that is caused by nonsinusoidal distributions of the back electromagnetic force and the rotor magnetic flux of PMSMs. The torque control system is, in principle, constructed on the basis of vector control, but has two new, dedicated speed‐varying devices: a harmonic torque observer and a current controller. The speed‐varying harmonic torque observer can estimate the harmonic component over a wide range of speeds, even when the generated torque is constant, and produce a suitable compensation signal. The speed‐varying current controller shows stable control performance over a wide range of speeds; it can fully track the compensated current command containing the DC and sixth harmonic components. The effectiveness of the proposed method is examined and verified through extensive numerical experiments.     

基于智能PI的永磁同步电动机近似最大转矩电流比控制

在永磁同步电动机数学模型和最大转矩电流比(MTPA)控制理论基础上,通过优化算法研究了一种近似最大转矩电流比控制,对转矩电流关系进行线性化,便于工程应用。为了改善传统PI调节系统的动态性能,采用一种智能PI调节器作为系统的转速外环控制器。仿真结果表明:近似最大转矩电流比控制性能接近最大转矩电流比控制,相同的负载扰动下智能PI控制系统的动态速降和恢复时间均小于传统PI控制系统。     

永磁同步电机线性分段最大转矩电流比近似控制

在永磁同步电机(PMSM)数学模型和最大转矩电流比(MTPA)控制理论的基础上,分析了MTPA曲线的数学特性,表明MTPA曲线是等轴双曲线的左半支。根据该双曲线的特性,提出了一种线性分段MTPA近似控制算法。改变电机参数,计算MTPA真解与近似解之间的误差,验证该控制算法的可移植性。建立Simulink模型,进行仿真分析,对比查表法与MTPA近似控制算法的响应特性。仿真结果表明:线性分段MTPA近似控制算法具有良好的稳态和动态响应,可以较好地实现MTPA控制。     

考虑磁饱和的感应电机MTPA转矩控制

感应电机的最大转矩电流比(MTPA)控制算法根据需求转矩调节磁链幅值,以达到转矩与定子电流比值的最大化。因磁链随转矩的变化而变化,不再像传统控制算法保持磁场幅值恒定,磁场非线性饱和效应会对控制系统产生影响。针对此问题,该文提出考虑磁饱和特性的MTPA转矩控制系统。根据需求转矩以及饱和模型,通过线性搜索寻找最优磁链目标值,并在计算励磁电流时考虑d轴转子电流的动态特性,用降阶观测器观测转子磁链,并在设计滑模磁链控制器以及反步法设计转矩控制器时考虑观测误差,以确保控制器参数的设置能达到全局稳定。仿真和实验结果证明了所设计控制器的有效性。     

Simplified fuzzy-logic-based MTPA speed control of IPMSM drive

This paper presents a simplified fuzzy-logic-based speed controller of an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive for maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) of stator current with inherent nonlinearities of the motor. The fundamentals of fuzzy logic algorithms as related to motor control applications are illustrated. A simplified fuzzy speed controller for the IPMSM drive has been found to maintain high performance standards with a much simpler and less computation-intensive implementation than a nonsimplified fuzzy-based algorithm. Contrary to the conventional control of IPMSM with d-axis current equal to zero, a nonlinear expression of d-axis current has been derived and subsequently incorporated in the control algorithm for maximum torque operation. The efficacy of the proposed simplified fuzzy-logic-controller (FLC)-based IPMSM drive with MTPA is verified by simulation as well as experimentally at dynamic operating conditions. The simplified FLC with MTPA is found to be robust for applications in IPMSM drives. The complete vector control scheme is implemented in real-time using a digital signal processor (DSP) controller board DS 1102 in a laboratory 1-hp IPM synchronous motor.     

基于MTPA的内置式永磁同步电机转矩预测控制

针对采用矢量控制方法的内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)存在解耦复杂、附加优化目标难以融入系统控制等问题,提出了一种基于最大转矩电流比(MTPA)的IPMSM转矩预测控制方法。在推导MTPA控制原理的基础上,分析了转矩预测的控制机理及性能指标函数。22 k W试验样机的仿真与试验结果表明,系统稳态及全局加减负载条件下调速性能良好、转矩动态响应迅速。该方法在重载条件下定子电流利用率显著提高,满足电动车辆驱动控制系统的性能和效率指标要求。     

电动汽车PMSM MTPA控制系统滑模速度控制

为了提高电动汽车电机驱动系统对参数摄动和负载扰动的鲁棒性,同时削弱滑模变结构控制( SMVSC)固有的抖振,将一种改进的滑模控制策略应用于永磁同步电机(PMSM)最大转矩电流比(MTPA)控制调速系统中.采用最大转矩电流比控制方法分配定子直轴、交轴电流,将他们与转矩的关系分别拟合为低阶多项式,提高了该方法的工程实用性;...     

车用永磁同步电机的改进MTPA控制策略研究

针对车用内置式永磁同步电机( IPMSM)的最大转矩电流比(MTPA)的控制原理,研究一种改进的MTPA控制策略.根据变步长搜索的理论,该策略通过对理论转矩表达式进行多项式拟合,计算出需要的初始转矩角;进而从该初始值开始进行变步长搜索以获取最优转矩角,从而实现最大转矩电流比的最优控制.仿真和实验结果说明:该方法成功避开了电感和磁链等电机参数对控制性能的影响,而且弥补了传统搜索法搜索速度慢,搜索精确度较差的缺点,提高了系统的快速性和控制的准确性.该方法实现简单,具有实际工程应用性.