蔗糖脂肪酸酯的合成与性能研究

在酸催化作用下乙醇与硬脂酸反应合成了硬脂酸乙酯.以硬脂酸乙酯和蔗糖为原料,采用DMF溶剂法,在碱性条件下通过酯交换反应合成了硬脂酸蔗糖酯.采用正交实验设计对反应条件进行优化,在最佳工艺条件下产率可高达95.8%.测定了产品的表面化学性能.结果显示,产品的临界胶束浓度(cmc)为2.228×10-4 mol/L,此时的表面张力为39.88 mN/m,其钙皂分散、乳化、增溶等表面化学性能优良.     

一种硬脂酸酯季铵盐表面活性剂的合成及性能

采用硬脂酸与3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CTA)在碱性条件下反应生成可生物降解的硬脂酸单酯表面活性剂2-羟基-3-硬脂酰氧基丙基三甲基氯化铵(CMESA)。确定其较佳实验条件为:n(硬脂酸)∶n(CTA)=1∶1.1,无水乙醇为反应介质,在85℃下反应5 h,酯化率达到96.5%。产品由IR和1HNMR进行表征。测定产品的表面活性如下:cmc为0.035 mmol/L;γcmc=44.95 mN/m;优于常规的阳离子表面活性剂D1821,发泡力则远低于1831。测定了产品的抑菌性能,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径达到25 mm。     

非离子表面活性剂十二烷基聚甘油醚的合成与性能研究

在碱催化作用下以十二烷基缩水甘油醚(AGE)与聚甘油反应合成了一种非离子表面活性剂十二烷基聚甘油醚,并研究了不同甘油聚合度(n)对产物表面化学性能的影响。结果显示,当n=2时,γcmc和cmc最低;n=10时,泡沫性能、钙皂分散性能和增溶性能最好;n=4时,乳化性能最好。     

生物可降解型阳离子酯类表面活性剂的研究

以自制的失水甘油基三甲基氯化铵(GTMAC)和硬脂酸为原料,经一步反应合成阳离子单酯表面活性剂(CMESA)。研究了反应介质、反应温度和反应时间对生成物CMESA收率的影响,通过元素分析、官能团分析和红外光谱确证其化学结构,较佳反应条件为:n(GTMAC)∶n(硬脂酸)=1∶1,异丙醇为溶剂,85℃,反应16h,CMESA收率86 8%。接着采用电导法测临界胶团浓度(cmc),拉环法测表面张力(γ),得到20℃下CMESAcmc为0 035mmol/L,在cmc时的γ=44 95mN·m-1。最后研究了在静态时厌氧污泥对CMESA的作用,结果表明:厌氧污泥对CMESA适应性强,其产甲烷气的量不受影响,IC50可能超过1 0g/L。     

硬脂酸单乙醇酰胺聚氧乙烯醚葡萄糖苷的合成及性能

以硬脂酸、单乙醇胺、环氧乙烷、葡萄糖为原料制备了不同环氧乙烷(EO)聚合度的硬脂酸单乙醇酰胺聚氧乙烯醚葡萄糖苷类非离子表面活性剂。该糖苷类表面活性剂在烷基和葡萄糖分子之间引入非离子表面活性剂中常见的亲水基团。通过IR和1HNMR对产物结构进行表征,并测试了该类表面活性剂的最低表面张力(γCMC)为30～38 mN/m,临界胶束质量浓度(CMC)为0.01～0.1 g/L。研究了EO聚合度(n)对产品表面物理化学性能的影响,随着n的增加,CMC、乳化性能、吸湿保湿性能均增加。不同聚合度的产物均有很好的泡沫性能和硬水稳定性。     

聚马来酸单脂肪醇酯钠盐的制备及其性能研究

将马来酸酐(MA)先聚合为低聚物聚马来酸酐(PMA),然后再与脂肪醇反应生成一种低聚表面活性剂.聚合反应主要受溶剂种类的影响,而酯化方法对酯化反应影响比较大,在丙酮中以三乙胺催化回流制备聚马来酸单脂肪醇酯(PMAM)的较佳工艺条件为:m(丙酮):m(PMA)=2.0:1,反应时间4 h,催化剂用量1.0%(相对于PMA的质量).PMA经脂肪醇改性、烧碱液中和后生成聚马来酸单脂肪醇酯钠盐(PMAMS).产品用IR和GPC进行表征,测定了产品的表面活性数据cmc、?cmc以及乳化力等.     

双长链酯季铵盐的合成与柔软性能研究

采用高效液相色谱法对酯胺中的单、双酯进行了定量分析。考察了反应物摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间及催化剂等因素对酯化反应中硬脂酸的转化率和单、双酯质量分数的影响,优化了反应条件,得到了酯化反应较佳的反应条件:硬脂酸与N-甲基二乙醇胺的摩尔比为1.8∶1,180℃下反应6 h,次磷酸作催化剂;季铵化的较佳反应条件:反应时间为8 h,溶剂为异丙醇。对所合成的酯季铵盐的柔软性进行了研究,结果表明该产品的柔软性能略好于同类进口产品。     

期刊文献

聚氧乙烯醚型表面活性剂的合成及表面性质黄海龙,李红玉,张雷,任天瑞摘要:合成了一系列不同聚合度的聚壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚型非离子表面活性剂,通过红外光谱和核磁共振等手段对其结构进行表征,用表面张力法对合成产物的表面性能进行研究。结果表明,随着表面活性剂分子中亲水基团环氧乙烷(EO)片段的增加,单体、二聚体和三聚体的临界胶束浓度(cmc)值都逐渐增大,当EO数目相同时,单体、二聚体和三聚体的cmc值依次明显降低。二聚体与三聚体都显示出很好的表面性质,其中三聚体的     

硬脂酸乙醇胺系列表面活性剂的合成与表征

将硬脂酸分别与乙醇胺、二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺反应,合成硬脂酸乙醇酰胺、硬脂酸二乙醇酰胺、硬脂酸三乙醇胺盐和硬脂酸三乙醇胺酯。采用了低温法、高温法及一步法、两步法等合成方法,给出了产品的红外谱图。     

羟乙基硬脂酸酰胺工业化合成研究

将硬脂酸与单乙醇胺直接反应制得羟乙基硬脂酸酰胺,进行了合成路线、催化剂优选、工艺技术条件优化等研究,并在工业化合成装置上进行了生产,制得了酸值低、胺值低、色泽浅、熔点高的高品质、高稳定性工业化产品。     

双点式超滤法测定临界胶束浓度的研究

比较了理想与真实超滤曲线 ,并对超滤膜用于超滤法测定临界胶束浓度 (cmc)的适用性及容积效应进行了考察。试验了用双点式超滤法代替作超滤曲线的方法测定cmc的可行性和准确性 ,并与单点式超滤法进行了比较。试验结果表明 ,用双点式超滤法测定cmc具有准确性较高、操作简便、节省时间和节约样品量等优点。用双点法测得的SDS和SLAS的cmc分别为6 70mmol/L和 1 40mmol/L ;与超滤曲线得到的cmc相比 ,偏差分别为 2 9%和 3 4%。     

新型磺基甜菜碱的合成与性能

以壬基酚、环氧氯丙烷、二甲胺及2-羟基-3-氯丙磺酸钠为主要原料合成两性表面活性剂N,N-二甲基-N-(2-羟基-3-对壬基苯氧基）丙铵基(2-羟基）丙磺基甜菜碱。通过正交试验设计优化了中间体壬基酚环氧丙基醚的合成工艺条件,并通过红外光谱对目标产物进行结构表征。采用滴体积法确定了该表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(cmc）和临界胶束浓度下的表面张力(γ_cmc）,其值分别为9.12×10^-4 mol/L和27.87 mN/m。并考察了45 ℃下该表面活性剂的乳化性能。     

Properties of aqueous solutions of disodium di-3-sulfopropyl α,θ-alkane dicarboxylate

A series of disodium di-3-sulfopropyl α,θ-alkane dicarboxylates NaO₃S(CH₂)₃OOC(CH₂)_nCOO(CH₂)₃SO₃Na (n=10, 12, 14, and 16) were prepared by the reaction of propane sultone with decane, dodecane, tetradecane or hexadecane dicarboxylic acids, and were estimated as to Krafft point and critical micelle concentration (cmc). The Krafft points of these α,θ-type surfactants were determined from the temperature at which the abrupt changes in the conductivities of the aqueous solutions in the presence of the solid surfactant were below 0 C for n=10, 23.5 C for n=12, 31.0 C for n=14 and 38.5 C for n = 16. The α,θ-type surfactant solution showed two break points in each plot of electroconductivity as a function of surfactant concentration. These results were considered to be due to the existence of the second cmc characteristic of these surfactants. A plot of the values obtained from the 1st cmc and the 2nd cmc of the α,θ-type surfactants decreases logarithmically according to the increasing total number of methylene groups (N). Their relationship is given as follows: log cmc =−0.142N+3.77 (1st cmc); log cmc =−0.143N+4.20 (2nd cmc).     

Synthesis,Surface Activity,and Biological Activities of Phosphonium and Metronidazole Salts

A series of phosphonium amphiphilic compounds was synthesized. Cationic parts of molecules contain triphenylphosphonium moieties. Lipophilic parts of compounds are represented by straight alkyl chain or the alkyl chains which are ornamented by benzyl or metronidazole. The physicochemical properties of phosphonium amphiphilic compounds were investigated by the measurements of surface tension and conductivity. The critical micelle concentration (cmc), the surface tension value at the cmc (γ_cmc), the surface area at the surface saturation per head group (A_cmc) were determined. The lowest cmc value was determined for phosphonium salts with straight dodecyl alkyl chain. Its value was 1.5 × 10⁻³ mol dm⁻³. Surface tension at the cmc decreases with the addition of bulky moieties (benzyl, radical from metronidazol) at the end of alkyl chains. Biological activities of compounds were studied on human erythrocytes and strains of Acanthamoeba lugdunensis and Acanthamoeba quina. Dodecyltriphenylphosphonium bromide showed the highest activity against Acanthamoeba. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first compound of the group of phosphonium amphiphiles, which exhibited high activity against Acanthamoeba. The determined structure–activity relationship indicated nonspecific trophocidal and hemolytic activity that depends on physicochemical properties of the studied compounds.     

Effects of 1-Alkyl-(and 1-Benzyl)-2,3-Dimethylimidazolium Ionic Liquids as Additives on the Micellar Behavior of Surfactant SB-12

The micellization and surface-active behavior of zwitterionic surfactant N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (SB-12) in aqueous media were investigated in the absence and presence of different alkyl-appended and benzyl-appended ionic liquids (IL) 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride [bdmim][Cl], 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bromide [bdmim][Br], 1-hexyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bromide [hdmim][Br], and 1-benzyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride [bzdmim][Cl]. The characteristics of self-organization processes in SB-12 + IL/water systems include critical micelle concentration (cmc), aggregation number (N_agg), micellar size (D), surface, and adsorption parameters. These parameters were determined by the fluorescence and surface tension measurements. In SB-12 solutions, cmc were found to be decreasing to different extents in the presence of all the studied IL than in pure water. The addition of IL [hdmim][Br] decreases the cmc of aqueous SB-12 to rather a low extent. The other three IL show a prominent lowering in cmc of surfactant SB-12 to different magnitude. The maximum lowering in cmc was observed due to addition of benzyl-appended IL [bzdmim][Cl]. The aggregation number of aqueous SB-12 solution obtained in general is higher at high wt.% of added IL. The average micellar size was also found to increase upon addition of IL. Both IL anions and cations interacted with the charged centers present on the zwitterionic surfactant SB-12, which caused a substantial increase in the surface activity.     

一种双子表面活性剂的合成

以壬基酚和甲醛为原料 ,在催化剂作用下于 80℃缩合制得二 (2 羟基 5 壬基苯基 )甲烷 ,与环氧氯丙烷在碱性条件下反应得到中间体 (SM) ,再与三乙醇胺盐酸盐在异丙醇溶液中于 6 0℃反应 ,得到一种双子表面活性剂 (TM) ,总收率 41 3% ,通过元素分析和红外光谱初步确定其结构 ,并测定水溶液中双子表面活性剂cmc =0 0 4mmol/L ,γcmc=2 0 4mN/m。     

N-长链烷基脒基碳酸氢盐表面活性的研究

以N-长链烷基脒为原料,在CO2氛围下制备得到N-长链烷基脒基碳酸氢盐。系统研究其表面活性发现：N-长链烷基脒基碳酸氢盐具有很好的表面活性,γcmc在20.5～32.3 mN/m之间;随着疏水链长的增加,N-长链烷基甲脒碳酸氢盐和N-长链烷基乙脒碳酸氢盐溶液的cmc和γcmc均逐渐降低,但N-长链烷基甲脒碳酸氢盐的cmc和γcmc均比N-长链烷基乙脒碳酸氢盐高;30～70℃时,N-长链烷基脒基碳酸氢盐溶液的表面张力均随温度的升高先降低后增大,热重分析表明这是由于在高温下脒盐会发生分解,溶液中的脒盐会部分转化成为中性脒,使得溶液中的脒盐浓度降低,表面张力变大。     

奇碳链烷基芳基磺酸钠表面性能研究

本文是利用3种自制的高纯度奇碳链的炕基芳基磺酸钠,研究了芳环分别连在长烷基链2、6、8位、在25℃时对表面性质的影响。同时考察了温度对表面性质的影响。结果表明,在25~C时,随芳环向长烷基链中心移动,临界胶束浓度cmc升高,标准吸附自由能△G^0md二变小,但是,饱和吸附量Гmax随芳环向烷基链中间位置移动逐渐下降,分子独占面积Amin增大,临界胶柬浓度时的表面张力γmax～随吸附量的减少而降低,pC20增大。对于同一结构的烷基苯磺酸钠水溶液,随温度升高,cmc先减小后增大,△G^0ad更负,Гmax下降,γcmc降低,pC20增大。从分子结构的角度解释了Гmax～和γcmc等的变化规律,探讨了分子独占面积Гmax和γcmc的影响。     

一种新型水煤浆聚羧酸分散剂大单体的制备

为探索一种优化的聚羧酸系分散剂大单体生产工艺,以衣康酸、聚乙二醇为原料,考察了反应物配比、反应时间、反应温度、催化剂对活性大单体酯化率的影响。实验表明,较佳反应条件为:催化剂为对甲苯磺酸,n(衣康酸)∶n(聚乙二醇)=1∶1.5,反应温度为85℃,反应时间5 h。表面性能研究结果表明,该表面活性剂有较好的表面活性,在25℃下c,mc为5.01 mmol/L,在cmc时的γ=47.1 mN/m,Krafft点<0℃。