浅谈影响纺织品耐摩擦色牢度和耐汗渍色牢度测试结果的因素

本文针对GB 18401—2010强制检验项目中耐摩擦、耐汗渍色牢度试验中的试样剪取、试样润湿、干燥过程、制卡和评级分析几方面分析探讨影响纺织品耐摩擦和耐汗渍色牢度测试结果的因素。     

Application to proteomics to understand and modify meat quality

The use of proteomics in the field of meat science has gained in robustness and accuracy. This is consistent with the genomic and bioinformatic tools. Its application to sensorial and technological meat quality traits is discussed as well as the emergence of sanitary and nutritional issue which will grow in a next future.     

Risks and benefits related to alimentary exposure to xenoestrogens

Xenoestrogens are widely diffused in the environment and in food, thus a large portion of human population worldwide is exposed to them. Among alimentary xenoestrogens, phytoestrogens (PhyEs) are increasingly being consumed because of their potential health benefits, although there are also important risks associated to their ingestion. Furthermore, other xenoestrogens that may be present in food are represented by other chemicals possessing estrogenic activities, that are commonly defined as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). EDCs pose a serious health concern since they may cause a wide range of health problems, starting from pre-birth till adult lifelong exposure. We herein provide an overview of the main classes of xenoestrogens, which are classified on the basis of their origin, their structures and their occurrence in the food chain. Furthermore, their either beneficial or toxic effects on human health are discussed in this review.     

坚持创新,锐意进取,化优势为胜势--树立和维护品牌的体会

各位领导、各位代表 :很荣幸在这次饮料工业协会第二届会员大会上发言。在此 ,我谨代表娃哈哈集团全体员工对中饮协长期以来给予我们支持和帮助表示衷心的感谢 ,向为社会主义市场经济建设做出杰出贡献的全国饮料界同行表示深深的敬意。杭州娃哈哈集团公司创建于 1987年 ,三个人靠 14万元借款起家 ,在中国经济的广阔舞台上 ,娃哈哈面对激烈无情的竞争 ,逐鹿市场 ,迅速成长壮大。 12年来 ,公司每天都以 70多万元的幅度进行资本积累 ,现已发展成为拥有资产 32亿多元、年创利税 7亿余元、在全国 10个省市建有 2 5家全资或控股子公司的国家大型企…     

基于PLC与MCGS的定量灌装控制系统设计与实现

论述了基于PLC与MCGS的定量灌装控制系统的设计方案。系统采用西门子PLC为控制器,昆仑通态触摸屏为上位机,可满足40kg以内的液体自动灌装,灌装精度高、灌装参数可调。可视化的人机界面设计实现了灌装过程的实时、有效监控,且易于操作。经联机调试,系统运行平稳可靠,达到了预期目标,具有工业推广应用前景。     

Method to Measure the Force to Pull and to Break Pin Bones of Fish

A texture measurement device was modified to measure the force required to pull pin bones from King salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), snapper (Pagrus auratus), and kahawai (Arripis trutta). Pulled bones were also subjected to tension to measure the breaking force. For all fish, the pulling force depended on the size of the fish, and on the length of the pin bone (P < 0.05). In general, larger fish required greater pulling force to remove pin bones. For example, fresh small salmon (about 1500 g whole) required 600 g on average to pull pin bones, and large fish (about 3700 g whole) required 850 g. Longer bones required greater pulling force. The breaking force followed the same trend. In general, the breaking force was greater than the pulling force. This allows the removal of the bones without breaking them. There was no statistically significant (P > 0.05) difference between the forces (both pulling and breaking) from fresh and frozen/thawed samples, although in general frozen/thawed samples required less force to pull. With the quantification of pulling and breaking forces for pin bones, it is possible to design and build better, “more intelligent” pin bone removal equipment.     

技术要创新 质量要提升

随着全球贸易竞争的日趋激烈,质量已成为竞争焦点。提高产品和服务质量是世界各国关注的问题。质量是企业的生命,是实施品牌建设的前提与保障。我国积极采用国际先进标准,不断提升产品技术含量及质量制高点和主动权,着力技术攻关,有效应对贸易壁垒,实现企业新跨越。大力加强产品研发和转型升级,实施品牌战略和提升竞争力。推进自主品牌走向国际市场,我们必须结合国情、结合企业实际情况,走出一条具有中国特色的质量效益型道路。     

监督抽样实践中应注意把握的环节

监督检验是产品质量检验机构日常大量要做的一项技术性较强的工作,而监督抽样又是监督检验工作的重要环节,监督抽样过程是否规范合理,是直接关系到监督检验结果的重要因素,由于种种原因,在监督抽样工作中存在着许多不规范的现状,尤其在确定样品的数量和实施样品抽取过程中,随意性较大,往往出现许多不合理的漏洞,怎样规范监督抽样过程呢？     

A method to estimate cow potential and subsequent responses to energy and protein supply according to stage of lactation

Milk responses to dietary change are influenced by the relative production level, that is, the distance between observed production and potential production. The closer the animal is to its potential, the smaller the expected response is to extra nutrients. Therefore, the aim of this work was to provide a method to quantify cow potential, to estimate subsequent responses to changes in nutrient supply. The observed efficiencies in net energy for lactation (NE_L) and metabolizable protein (MP) are proposed as a basis to estimate the relative production level of the animal. The rationale for using NE_L and MP efficiency (ratios of milk energy yield/NE_L above maintenance supply and milk protein yield/MP above maintenance supply) builds on the uniformity of the observed relationships between size of the milk responses and extra NE_L supply and MP supply, when centered on a given efficiency. From there, a pivot nutritional situation where MP and NE_L efficiency are 0.67 and 1.00, respectively, was defined, from which milk responses could be derived across animals varying in production potential. An implicit assumption of using response equations centered on reference efficiency pivots is that the size of the response to a fixed change in nutrient supply, relative to the pivot, is identical for animals with different production capacities. The proposed approach was evaluated with 2 independent data sets, where different dietary treatments were applied during the whole lactation. In these data sets, MP and NE_L above maintenance supply were calculated weekly using the recently updated INRA Systali feed units system. Differences in NE_L and MP supply above maintenance between the extreme dietary treatments were large, on average 667 g of MP/d and 13 MJ of NE_L/d (3.11 Mcal/d) in the first data set, and 513 g of MP/d and 29 MJ of NE_L/d (6.93 Mcal/d) for the second data set. Milk energy yield and milk component yields were predicted with root mean square prediction errors between 7.6 and 13.5% and concordance correlation coefficients between 0.784 and 0.934, respectively. Assessed by the Akaike's information criterion, significant differences existed in the accuracy of prediction for milk energy yield and milk component yields between stages of lactation. However, the effects of stage of lactation were not consistent between data sets and, for most of the predicted variables, relatively small. We concluded that the pivot concept can be used to predict milk energy yield and milk component yields responses to dietary change with a good accuracy for diets that are substantially different and across all stages of lactation.     

深化改革显活力创新突破求发展

南充云禾印染有限公司是2000年3月由原国家大二型企业南充丝绸印染厂改制组建的综合性专业化印染企业。近年来，实施了资产重组、转换国有职工身份，民营化的股份制改造等一系列改革改制措施。使企业焕发出勃勃的生机与活力：改制前南充丝绸印染厂年工业总产值仅为3700多万元，并从1995年以后连年亏损，上交税金一年仅30～50万元，2002年底南充云禾印染公司工业总产值就达到8749万元，实现利润10万元，实现税金280万元，被评为全省纺织行业综     

How innovativeness relates to social representation of new foods and to the willingness to try and use such foods

The relationship between domain specific innovativeness scale (DSI) and social representation (SR) components of new foods (suspicion of new foods; adherence to natural food; adherence to technology; eating as an enjoyment; eating as a necessity) was explored in a survey with Finnish consumers (N = 1156). Both DSI and SR were used to predict willingness to try/use new foods, categorized into six subgroups of which three were functional (cereal-based and otherwise functional foods; functional drinks), and the remaining three categories were modified dairy products, organic products, and energy drinks. Enjoyment and low suspicion predicted 27% of variation in DSI, which, in turn, predicted up to 6% of willingness to try categories of new foods, excluding organic products. When added to the predictive model, SR components increased the prediction of all food categories, particularly functional cereal-based and organic products (up to 20.4%). Thus, DSI predicted willingness to try new foods to some extent, but SR components, most of all low suspicion of new foods and adherence to natural food, significantly improved the prediction.     

油菜菌核病菌对嘧菌环胺和不同杀菌剂敏感性的相关分析

为了明确油菜菌核病菌对新型杀菌剂嘧菌环胺的敏感性和该药剂与其它杀菌剂的交互抗性,采用菌丝生长速率法测定江苏省不同地区的53个油菜菌核病菌菌株对嘧菌环胺的敏感性,并测定对嘧菌环胺不同敏感性的10个菌株对菌核净、异菌脲、腐霉利、多菌灵、咪鲜胺和戊唑醇等杀菌剂的敏感性。结果表明,菌株间对嘧菌环胺的敏感性差异显著,EC50（抑制中浓度）值在0.0342～1.087 6μg/mL之间;通过EC50值相关性分析,油菜菌核病菌对嘧菌环胺与上述杀菌剂之间不存在交互抗性。     

提高摩擦牢度和日晒牢度的技术措施

一直以来 ,纺织品染色 ,特别是丝绸染色 ,深色的摩擦牢度一般只有 1～ 2级 ,耐日晒牢度也不高。随着中国加入ＷＴＯ的临近 ,纺织产品必须提高质量 ,以增强市场竞争力。1　摩擦牢度低的成因及解决方法现时染色所用的染料 ,染色体粒子过粗 ,染色时色母体的排列组合未能达到最佳状态 ,致使染色后纤维表面不均匀 ,摩擦时阻力大 ,浮色容易析出 ,所以摩擦牢度 (特别是深色的湿摩擦牢度 )不佳 ,这是染色界一直以来难以解决的问题。针对摩擦牢度不佳的原因 ,经长时间的研究及先进科研仪器的配合 ,这一难题终于获得突破。任何染料、任何纺织纤维经我…     

Introduction to pre- and probiotics

During the last 2–3 decades, attempts for improving the human health status, are focusing on ways for modulating the indigenous intestinal flora by live microbial adjuncts, now called “probiotics”. Comprising ca. 65% of the functional food world market, probiotics represent the major and still growing segment of this huge market, estimated to exceed a total volume of US $ 75 billion. The most typical active components of probiotic products are lactic acid bacteria, including bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and enterococci. Health claims related to probiotics are numerous, but include maintenance of normal/healthy intestinal flora and protection against infections, alleviation of lactose intolerance, and stimulation of the immune system. Strains with proven beneficial effects may be consumed in relatively high numbers in products, and are collectively called probiotics. In addition. bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, typical inhabitants of the human GIT, are considered beneficial, and may be stimulated by non-digestible food ingredients such as oligosaccharides, collectively called prebiotics. Probably aimed at the two “target regions” of the GIT, pre- and probiotics may be combined in a food product, called a synbiotic. Confirmed health claims are discussed and reference will be made to open questions and research challenges.     

授人以渔——访逸香葡萄酒事业创始人文含

骏德酒业复兴门分店位于复兴门商圈的远洋大厦首层23B室,是骏德酒业在北京的最新一家分店。单看店内柔和的灯光和琳琅满目的酒品,它与同行业其他店铺似乎无甚差别。但与经理张建华先生攀谈许久之后,我们发现该店最大的特色并不在于商品,而在于个性化、专业化的服务。用一言概括该店的特色,那就是巨细无遗。     

贴近产业需求 服务产业发展——广西茧丝质量综合检测平台建设成效

“十一五”以来,广西积极承接国家“东桑西移”产业转移,桑蚕茧丝绸产业快速发展,从2005年起连续7年桑蚕茧产量居全国第一。广西已成为我国桑蚕干茧、丝、绸等产品生产、加工、出口的重要基地。面对广西特色纤维产业发展新形势,我所结合自身优势,充分发挥检测技术对产业发展的推动作用,     

丝攻的修磨及攻丝润滑

讨论了钳工在攻制内螺纹的工作中，尤其是机攻时，常出现的问题，提出了改进措施，着重介绍了丝攻的修磨。还介绍了攻丝操作中冷却润滑液改进，通过实践摸索，研制了新型的“机攻螺纹润滑液”，节约了成本，提高了工效，保证了产品的合格率，取得了较好的经济效益。     

Resistance of Campylobacter jejuni to heat and to pulsed electric fields

The resistance of Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11351 to heat and to pulsed electric fields (PEF) was studied at different treatment intensities (temperatures between 52 and 60 °C, and electric field strengths between 15 and 35 kV/cm, respectively). The influence of the growth phase, the pH of the treatment medium and the presence of sodium pyruvate in the recovery medium was also examined. A model based on the Weibull distribution was used to describe the inactivation curves, and times for the first decimal reduction were calculated (δ values). C. jejuni cells did not increase their resistance to heat nor to PEF upon entrance into stationary phase. The acidification of the treatment medium from 7.0 to 4.5 caused a sensitization of C. jejuni to heat (δ value at 55 °C × 1/4); on the contrary, resistance to PEF was increased (δ value at 25 kV/cm × 2.5). The absence of pyruvate in the recovery medium prevented recovery of a high percentage of heat-treated cells, but did not affect PEF survival. Whereas C. jejuni can be considered a heat sensitive organism (δ value at 55 °C and buffer of pH 7.0 of 2 min, z value 4.40 °C), it showed a relatively high resistance to PEF as compared to other vegetative cells (δ value at 25 kV/cm and buffer of pH 7.0 of 7 pulses, z_PEF value 8.20 kV/cm). Results obtained in this investigation indicate that Campylobacter spp. should be taken into account for the design of PEF treatments for food hygienization.Industrial relevanceBefore PEF can be commercially implemented it is necessary to determine its efficacy on pathogenic microorganisms of interest in order to ensure safety of food. There is no data available about the resistance of C. jejuni to pulsed electric fields, although it is now recognised as the leading cause of bacterial food-borne gastroenteritis throughout the world. In this research we characterize the resistance to heat and to PEF of C. jejuni NCTC 11351. Physiological factors affecting its survival to both agents are also explored.     

从德鲁巴看柔版直接制版系统的发展

在谈论Drupa 2000柔印制版技术发展之前,我们首先需要给经常提到的两个概念(CtP、CtS)重新定义,并将其归入工作流程的各个阶段。 当人们注意观察包装制作的各个步骤时,就会发现,在包装制作方面,一些传统的工艺已经过时了,特别是设计制作越来越多地转向PC机和采用软件系统。因此,尽管下面介绍的系统可由计算机直接延伸到印版,但它仍然属于印前系统(见表1)。 下面,就让我们来看一看Drupa 2000柔版印前领域