Evaluation of mixed micellar interactions of CnBCl and SDBS mixtures using dissociated Margules model and influence of different salts

The conductivity measurement has been used to determine the first and second CMC's (CMC₁ and CMC₂) of alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (C_nBCl; n = 12, 14 and 16) as well as gemini surfactant trimethylene-1,2-bis-(dodecyldimethylammonium bromide) (12-2-12) with sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate (SDBS) in aqueous solutions using Rubingh's the regular theory approximation as well as the dissociated Margules Model. The use of Margules model allows us to calculate activity coefficients of the constituents and hence provides better values of micellar parameters for asymmetric mixed systems as compared to the regular solution theory. The CMC₁ values for C_nBCl/SDBS mixtures were seen to be lower than those predicted from their ideal mixtures suggesting synergistic interactions although the synergism increases with chain length (n) of the cationic surfactant. Both CMC₁ and CMC₂ experience a decrease with rising values of n. The addition of salts including NaCl, KCl, NaBr, Na₃PO₄, and Na₂SO₄ in mixtures of C₁₆BCl and SDBS suggests that salt counterions have a considerable impact on CMC₁ when either surfactant is in excess. Zeta potential (ζ) measurements provide more evidence in favor of these observations. The thermodynamic features of micellization have also been scrutinized using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC).     

Interfacial and Solution Behavior of Amphiphilic Drug and Counterion‐Coupled Gemini (COCOGEM) Surfactants

The critical micelle concentrations (cmc) of mixed systems comprising an amphiphilic drug amitriptyline hydrochloride and counterion‐coupled gemini surfactants 12‐6‐12, 14‐6‐14, or 16‐6‐16 [1,6‐bis(N,N‐alkyldimethylammonium) adipate] were determined using tensiometry. The results were analyzed in the light of different theoretical models from Rosen, Clint, Rubingh, and Motomura. The cmc values decrease with increasing mole fraction of surfactant (α₁). The cmc_id values (cmc value at ideal mixing conditions) also decrease with α₁ but remain above the experimental cmc values. This means that the mixed micelles form as a result of attractive interactions. These interactions are also seen in surface excess concentration (Γ_max) and minimum area per molecule (A_min) data: Γ_max increases and A_min decreases. Both Rosen's and Rubingh's models indicate synergistic interactions (interaction parameter, β^m and β^σ, values are negative). The β^m values are larger in magnitude than β^σ for 14‐6‐14 and 16‐6‐16 systems, whereas the reverse is the case with 12‐6‐12 because the surfactant's short chain makes adjustment in the core difficult for both components.     

Physico-Chemical Investigations of Mixed Micelles of Cationic Gemini and Conventional Surfactants: a Conductometric Study

The interaction of cationic gemini and cationic conventional surfactants by conductivity was systematically overviewed, paying attention to synergism observed in micellization. These mixed systems were found to show remarkable synergism in micelle formation. The experimental critical micelle concentration values being lower than the value predicted by ideal solution theory indicate that the mixed micellization is due to attractive interaction between the two components. Gemini/conventional systems form mixed micelle due to attractive interactions (negative β values). The values of micellar mole fraction of constituent 1 (X ₁) in surfactant mixtures are more than in the ideal state (X ₁ ^ideal ), which means that, the mixed micelles are rich in conventional surfactants in comparison to that in the ideal state.     

Conductometric Probe Analysis of the Effect of Benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium Chloride on the Micellization Behavior of Dodecyltrimethylammonium Bromide in Aqueous/Urea Solution: Investigation of Concentration and Temperature Effect

Surfactant mixtures are used in many different industrial formulations. In this study, the mixed micelle formation behavior of 2 different cationic surfactants, namely dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride (BDHAC), in the absence and presence of urea at various temperatures (298.15–318.15 K) was studied using the conductometric method. The attractive interaction between DTAB and BDHAC was estimated from the values of critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the CMC for ideal mixing (CMC^id). Urea increases the CMC value as a result of the enrichment in the surface charge of the micelles/mixed micelles. The values of micellar mole fraction (X₁^Rub [Rubingh], X₁^M [Motomura], X₁^Rod [Rodenas]) and ideal micellar (X₁^id) of surfactant BDHAC were obtained by different models and are shown to exhibit the high contribution or effective involvement of BDHAC in mixed micelles and increase with increasing BDHAC mole fraction (α₁). Activity coefficients (f₁ and f₂) were also evaluated from the relevant formula given in the literature. The negative values of the interaction parameters (β) show the attractive interaction among the studied components. Excess Gibbs free energy (?G_ex) of micellization revealed that the stability of mixed micelles is higher in aqueous solution than in urea solution. The thermodynamic parameters, namely the Gibbs free energy change, enthalpy change, and entropy change (?G^o_m, ΔH^o_m, and ?S^o_m, respectively), were also calculated from the conventional standard equations.     

Mixed Micellization Behavior of<Emphasis Type="Italic"> m</Emphasis>-2-<Emphasis Type="Italic">m</Emphasis> Gemini Surfactants with Some Conventional Surfactants at Different Temperatures

Mixed micellization behavior of dimeric cationic surfactants ethanediyl-1,2-bis(dimethyl alkyl ammonium bromide) (m-2-m where m = 10, 12) with conventional single chain cationic surfactants like cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), tetradecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (C14BCl) and cetyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (C16BCl) were studied in aqueous and aqueous polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions at 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15 K respectively using conductometric and viscometric methods. In aqueous solutions, all the combinations (except 12-2-12 + CTAB) were found to behave nonideally with mutual synergism which decreases with increase in temperature. Various thermodynamic parameters of micellization like \UpdeltaG_\textm^\texto {{\Updelta}}G_{\text{m}}^{\text{o}} , \UpdeltaH_\textm^\texto {{\Updelta}}H_{\text{m}}^{\text{o}} and \UpdeltaS_\textm^\texto {{\Updelta}}S_{\text{m}}^{\text{o}} were evaluated and discussed. Similarly in presence of PEG, the thermodynamic properties like \UpdeltaG_\textt^\texto {{\Updelta}}G_{\text{t}}^{\text{o}} , \UpdeltaH_\textt^\texto {{\Updelta}}H_{\text{t}}^{\text{o}} and \UpdeltaS_\textt^\texto {{\Updelta}}S_{\text{t}}^{\text{o}} associated with the transfer of surfactant monomers from the medium consisting of polymer-free mixed micelles to polymer-bound mixed micelles at various temperatures were also calculated. The negative values of \UpdeltaH_\textt^\texto {{\Updelta}}H_{\text{t}}^{\text{o}} show that aggregation process is more exothermic than micellization whereas the negative values of \UpdeltaS_\textt^\texto {{\Updelta}}S_{\text{t}}^{\text{o}} indicate that the presence of polymer bound mixed micelles decreases the degree of randomness of the system. Viscosity studies show that in aqueous solutions all the combinations of 10-2-10/12-2-12 display negative departure in the relative viscosity (η_r) from additivity rule which decreases with increase in temperature. Similarly in the presence of 5% PEG solutions the magnitude of the negative departure decreases for all the combinations and becomes positive in the case of C14BCl and CPC combinations with the studied gemini surfactants at higher temperatures.     

Micellization Behavior of the 14-2-14 Gemini Surfactant with Some Conventional Surfactants at Different Temperatures

Mixed micellization behavior of the dimeric cationic surfactant ethanediyl-1,2-bis(dimethyl tetradecyl ammonium bromide) with monomeric cationic surfactants cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), tetradecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (C14BCl) and cetyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (C16BCl) was studied in aqueous and aqueous polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions at various temperatures (298.15, 308.15 and 318.15 K) using conductometric and viscometric methods. The behavior of these mixed systems was analyzed in light of Rubingh’s regular solution theory. The conductivity study indicates that the above systems behave nonideally with mutual synergism at 298.15 and 308.15 K, whereas antagonistic behavior is exhibited at 318.15 K. In the presence of PEG solution, various thermodynamic parameters associated with transfer of surfactant monomers from the medium consisting of polymer-free mixed micelles to polymer-bound mixed micelles like ∆G _t^o, ∆H _t^o and ∆S _t^o at various temperatures were evaluated and discussed. The viscosity study shows that in aqueous solutions all these combinations exhibit significant negative departure in the relative viscosity (η_r) from the additivity rule at 298.15 and 308.15 K, whereas at 318.15 K these combinations (except in the case of C14BCl) follow the additivity rule. In presence of 5% PEG solution, all the combinations show positive departure from the additivity rule except the combination with C14BCl which shows negative departure at all the studied temperatures.     

Theoretical Approaches on the Synergistic Interaction between Double-Headed Anionic Amino Acid-Based Surfactants and Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide

Theoretical investigations on the micellization of mixtures of (i) amino acid-based anionic surfactants [AAS: N-dodecyl derivatives of aminomalonate, −aspartate, and -glutamate] and (ii) hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB), were carried out at different mole ratios. Variation in the theoretical values of critical micelle concentration (CMC), mole fraction of surfactants in the micellar phase (X), at the interface (X^σ), interaction parameters at the bulk/interface (β^R/β^σ), ideality/nonideality of the mixing processes, and activity coefficients (f) were evaluated using Rubingh, Rosen, Motomora, and Sarmoria-Puvvada-Blankschtein models. CMC values significantly deviate from the theroretically calculated values, indicating associative interaction. With increasing mole fraction of AAS (α_AAS), the magnitude of the (β^R/β^σ) values gradually decreased, considered to attributable to hydrophobic interactions. With increasing α_AAS, the micellar mole fraction of HTAB (X₂) decreased insignificantly and X₂ values were higher than those compared to AAS for all combinations, due to the dominance of HTAB in micelles. Micellar mole fraction at the ideal state of AAS () differed from micellar mole fraction of AAS (X₁), indicating nonideality in the mixed micellization process. Gibbs free energy of micellization ( ∆G_m ) values are more negative than the free energy of micellization for ideal mixing (), indicating the micellization process is spontaneous. With increasing α_AAS, the enthalpy of micellization (ΔH_m) and entropy of micellization (ΔS_m) values gradually increased, which indicates micellization is exothermic. The different physicochemical parameters of the mixed micelles are correlated with the variation in the spacer length between the two carboxylate groups of AAS.     

Mixed Micellar Properties and Related Interaction Parameters of Butanediyl-1,4-bis(dodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide) Gemini Surfactant with Nonionic Amphiphiles

Mixed micellization of cationic gemini surfactant butanediyl-1,4-bis(dimethyldodecylammonium bromide) with nonionic surfactants (sorbitan esters, alcohols and phenol ethoxylates) and triblock copolymers has been studied tensiometrically. Various physicochemical parameters of the studied systems including ideal CMC values, experimental and ideal micellar compositions, interaction parameters, activity coefficients of the components, etc. have been evaluated by considering theoretical models of Clint, Rubingh, Rosen and Maeda. The experimental critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of the mixed micelles were lower than the CMC values of the individual components and showed a negative deviation from ideal CMC (CMC*) values. The analysis reveals that the mole fractions of gemini are lower compared to the nonionic surfactants/triblock polymers and the values of ΔG _m ^° , ΔG _ad ^° , G _min and ΔG _ex ^m show that the spontaneity of the studied mixed micelles relatively decreases as the content of the gemini in the bulk phase increases.     

A Comparative Study on the Aggregation and Thermodynamic Properties of Anionic Sodium Dodecylsulphate and Cationic Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide in Aqueous Medium: Effect of the Co-solvent N-Methylacetamide

The effect of co‐solvent N‐methylacetamide (NMA) (0.035, 0.046, 0.127, and 0.258 mol kg^?1) on the micellization behaviour of anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) (3.21–10.35 mmol kg^?1) and cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) (0.19–3.72 mmol kg^?1) in aqueous solution was explored by employing conductivity measurements at different temperatures (298.15–313.15 K). The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values for SDS and CTAB in aqueous solutions of NMA were determined from the conductivity versus surfactant concentration plots. The variations in the CMC values of SDS with NMA concentration are in striking contrast to those observed in the case of CTAB. The various relevant thermodynamic parameters of micellization, viz. standard enthalpy change, ΔH_m^o, standard entropy change, ΔS_m^o, and standard Gibbs free energy change, ΔG_m^o, were determined using the temperature variation of the CMC values and counterion binding. The results not only relate these thermodynamic parameters to the consequences of intermolecular interactions but are also able to differentiate between SDS–water–NMA and CTAB–water–NMA systems in terms of contributions from head groups as well as alkyl chains of surfactants.     

Synthesis, Surface Active Properties of Novel Gemini Surfactants with Amide Groups and Rigid Spacers

A series of novel cationic gemini surfactants, bis-(N-(3-alkylamido-propyl)-N,N-dimethyl)-p-phenylenediammonium dichloride, were synthesized. The structures of the gemini surfactants were characterized by IR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR. The Krafft temperatures of surfactants were determined through conductivity, the surface active properties in aqueous solution were studied at various temperatures by surface tension and conductivity. The thermodynamic functions of micellization process of the surfactants were also calculated by conductivity. The Krafft temperatures of the surfactants were 12, 13 and 28 °C. The values of CMC and Γ _max decreased with increasing the length of hydrophobic chains, but the values of CMC and α increased with increasing temperature. The process of micellization is a spontaneous, exothermic and entropy-driven process.     

Effects of Molecular Structure and Temperature on Micellization of Cationic Ammonium Gemini Surfactants in Aqueous Solution

Micellization of four cationic quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants, having a diethyl ether or hexyl spacer with the alkyl chain lengths of 12 and 16 carbon atoms, was studied using isothermal titration microcalorimetry (ITC) and electrical conductivity measurements in the temperature range from 298.15 to 313.15 K. In this temperature range, where surfactants are normally applied, the temperature almost does not influence the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the degree of micelle ionization (α) values of the gemini surfactants, and the replacement of a hexyl spacer by a diethyl ether spacer leads to a slight decrease in the CMC and α values. However, as the alkyl chain length increases from 12 to 16 carbon atoms, the CMC values significantly decrease from 0.99–1.19 mM to 0.020–0.057 mM. In particular, the enthalpy of micellization (ΔH_mic ) and the associated thermodynamic parameters show obvious changes with varying temperature and molecular structure. ΔH_mic becomes much more exothermic at higher temperature or for the surfactants with a more hydrophilic spacer. Moreover, the heat capacity change of micellization (ΔC _{P, mic} ) is less exothermic for the surfactants with a more hydrophilic spacer or a longer alkyl chain. The enthalpy–entropy compensation data show that the surfactants with longer alkyl chains have a more stable micellar structure.     

Adsorption of some anionic surfactants on barite and at solution/Air interfaces

The adsorption behavior of synthesized anionic surfactants with the chemical structure RO-Ph-N=N-Ph-SO₃Na, where R is an octyl, dodecyl, or cetyl group, was analyzed by using a modified version of the Frumkin adsorption isotherm. The values of thermodynamic parameters (including free energy of micellization, ΔG _mic, and of adsorption, ΔG _ads) at the solution/air interface and the solid/liquid interface were calculated, and the relation between the adsorption of the surfactants at these interfaces was investigated. Studies of the surface properties of these synthetic surfactants showed that the length of the hydrocarbon chain of these surfactants plays a major role in determining their surface and thermodynamic properties and that there is a good relationship between the effectiveness of adsorption of the surfactant and its efficiency as a collector.     

Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity and Micellization of Gemini Anionic Surfactants in a Pure State as Well as Mixed With a Conventional Nonionic Surfactant

New gemini anionic surfactants were prepared from sodium salts of monoalkyl sulfosuccinate esters of ethylene glycol having variably long tails (C₁₂, C₁₆, C₁₈) and dichloroethane. The chemical structures of the prepared surfactants were confirmed using different spectroscopic techniques. The surfaces tension values of the synthesized surfactants were measured at 25 °C individually or mixing at different molar fractions with ethoxylated alkylphenol. In all cases, mixed micellar aggregates were formed and critical micellar concentrations of binary mixtures containing different mole fractions of the surfactants were measured. The micellization processes of the individual and mixed surfactants were investigated. The effect of different alkyl chains of gemini anionic surfactants on properties of binary systems and molar ratio in the mixed aggregates were deduced. The critical micelle concentration of mixed surfactants shifted to lower values compared to those of the single surfactants. Effectiveness values increased with decreases in the mole fraction of gemini anionic surfactants. The negative values of interaction parameter (β) increased with increases in the chain length of anionic surfactants. The activity coefficient (f ₁, f ₂) and total minimum surface area of mixed solution were calculated. Also, the gemini anionic surfactants prepared have moderate antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and not active towards fungi.     

Synthesis,Surface Activity,Thermodynamic Parameters,and Performance Evaluation of Branched Carboxylate Gemini Surfactants

Three novel carboxylate gemini surfactants (3C_ntaDA, n = 8, 10, and 12) were synthesized by two simple steps, and their structures were characterized using FT-IR and ¹H NMR. The surface activities of these surfactants were obtained from surface tension measurements at different temperatures, and the surface parameters containing the critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension (γ), minimum surface area per molecule ( A_min ), and maximum surface excess concentration ( Γ_max ) were obtained from surface tension measurements. The experimental results show that 3C_ntaDA surfactants have higher surface activities compared with the corresponding conventional surfactants. The thermodynamic parameters of the micellization process were investigated, and the calculated results show that it was an exothermic and spontaneous process. The emulsification and foam performance of these surfactants were also evaluated at different concentrations at 298.15 K.     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Micellization Behavior of Cationic Surfactants: n-Alkyl-3-Methylpyridinium Bromides and Their Drug Interaction Study by UV–Visible Spectroscopy and Conductometry

The synthesis of new cationic surfactants i.e., n-hexyl-3-methylpyridium bromide ( a ) and n-octyl-3-methylpyridium bromide ( b ), and their characterization using multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) (¹H, ¹³C) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectroscopic techniques were reported. The micellization behavior of the synthesized surfactants was studied using conductometry and ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of compounds a and b was found to be 0.41 and 0.35 m mol L⁻¹, respectively. The effect of temperature on the CMC of these compounds was examined in the range of 298–318 K and thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS) of the micellization process were calculated. The antibacterial study of the synthesized surfactants revealed their strong activity against different bacterial strains. Moreover, the interaction of drugs i.e., flurbiprofen and ketoprofen, with the synthesized surfactants was investigated for gaining insights into the role of micelles as drug-delivery devices. Drug–surfactant interactions were also confirmed via a conductometric method.     

Synthesis,Characterization, Surface,and Thermodynamic Studies of Alkyl Tetrachloroferrates: Performance Evaluation of Their Nanostructures as Biocides

Decyl and dodecylamino tetrachloroferrates were synthesized and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR), and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The surface properties of the cationic surfactants including critical micelle concentration, effectiveness, minimum surface area, and maximum surface excess were determined using surface tension measurements. The effectiveness of surface tension reduction (π_cmc) was found to increase as the hydrophobic chain length increases with values of 30 and 34 mN m⁻¹ for C₁₀ and C₁₂, respectively. Moreover, the effect of temperature on micellization was determined over the range of 35–55 °C. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔS°, and ΔH°) were calculated and the results indicate a spontaneous process for both micellization and adsorption. The nanoparticles (NC₁₀ and NC₁₂) of the prepared surfactants were obtained using the ball mill technique. The particle size and morphology of the nanoparticles were determined using transmission electron microscope measurements. The antibacterial study of the nanoparticle surfactants revealed their strong efficiency against fungi and different pathogenic bacteria compared with the original surfactants.     

Effect of Polar Organic Solvents on Self‐Aggregation of Some Cationic Monomeric and Dimeric Surfactants

Surface and micellization behavior of some cationic monomeric surfactants, viz., cetyldiethylethanolammonium bromide (CDEEAB), cetyldimethylethanolammonium bromide (CDMEAB), tetradecyldiethylethanolammonium bromide (TDEEAB) and dimeric surfactants, i.e., alkanediyl‐α, ω‐bis(dimethylhexadecylammonium bromide) (C₁₆‐s‐C₁₆, 2Br^? where s = 4, 12), butanediyl‐1,4‐bis(dimethyldodecylammonium bromide (C₁₂‐4‐C₁₂, 2Br^?) and 2‐butanol‐1,4‐bis(dimethyldodecylammonium bromide) (C₁₂‐4(OH)‐C₁₂, 2Br^?), was studied in water‐organic solvents [10 and 20 % v/v ethylene glycol (EG) and diethylene glycol (DEG)] by conductivity, surface tension and steady‐state fluorescence methods at 300 K. The main focus of the present work is on the study of the effect of organic solvents on the critical micelle concentration (CMC), Gibbs free energy of micellization (ΔG°_m), Gibbs free energy of transfer (ΔG°_trans), Gibbs adsorption energy (ΔG°_ads) and some interfacial parameters such as the surface excess concentration (Γ_max), minimum area per surfactant molecule (A_min) and surface pressure (π_CMC). The aggregation number (N_agg) and Stern‐Volmer quenching constant (K_SV) were also determined by the steady‐state fluorescence method. It was observed that N_agg decreased with increasing volume percent of organic solvent. The results exhibited an increase in CMC in water‐organic solvents as compared to the respective surfactants in pure water. The negative values of ΔG°_m and ΔG°_ads indicate a spontaneous micellization process. The thermodynamics of micellization revealed that the micellization‐reducing efficiency of glycols increases with the concentration and the number of ethereal oxygens in the glycol.     

Surface Activity of Monomeric and Polymeric (3-alkyloxy aniline) Surfactants

ABSTRACT

The adsorption and micellization processes of 3-alkyloxy aniline namely [3-decyloxy aniline (C10M), 3-dodecyloxy aniline (C12M) and 3-cetyloxy aniline (C16M)] and their polymers [C10P, C12P and C16P] have been investigated using surface tension (γ) measurements at different temperatures. The synthesized monomers and polymers have been characterized by IR and elemental analysis. The surface and thermodynamic parameters of these monomeric and polymeric surfactants are investigated. The results show that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the polymeric surfactants is lower than that of monomers. The CMC values decreases as the hydrophobic chain lengthens for both monomeric and polymeric surfactants. The surface parameters show the ability of monomeric and polymeric surfactants to adsorb at the air/water interface and decrease the surface tension. The thermodynamic parameters reveal that the micellization process is spontaneous for all investigated surfactants. The specific conductance measurements show that the specific conductance increases with increasing chain length of the substituted alkyl groups, the synthesized polymeric surfactants have higher values of specific conductance than the corresponding monomers and the specific conductance increases with rising solution temperature.     

Thermodynamic and Surface Properties of Aqueous 1-Dodecyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride [C12mim][Cl] Solution in the Presence of a Series of Inorganic Salts

The micellization behavior of amphiphiles is a well-analyzed physicochemical phenomenon, which can be easily influenced by various parameters such as pressure, temperature, and the presence of different additives. Inorganic salts are able to affect the thermodynamic and surface properties of amphiphiles significantly. The effect of a series of salts as additives namely lithium chloride (LiCl), potassium chloride (KCl), sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium bromide (NaBr), and sodium iodide (NaI) on interfacial chemical characteristics of the surface-active ionic liquid (SAIL) 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [C₁₂mim][Cl] in aqueous solution were examined through conductance, surface tension, fluorescence, ¹H NMR, and dynamic light scattering measurements. The interfacial and thermodynamic parameters of all investigated SAIL-salt systems were evaluated from surface tension and conductance measurements, respectively. A detailed analysis of the microenvironment of the micelles and the size of the micelles was done using ¹H NMR and dynamic light scattering measurements.