纳米TiO2光催化剂的改性研究

纳米TiO2具有稳定性好、光催化效率高和不产生二次污染等特点,有着广阔的应用前景,但其光响应范围窄、光量子效率较低、光生电子和空穴易发生复合等缺点,限制了纳米TiO2光催化材料的实际应用和发展。改性后的纳米TiO2具有较高的催化活性和光量子产率。在对纳米TiO2光催化剂的催化机理介绍的基础上综述了纳米TiO2的贵金属沉积、金属、非金属掺杂、半导体复合等改性利用,并针对当前光催化剂的研究进展,展望了今后的研究方向。     

稀土掺杂二氧化钛光催化剂的研究进展

纳米TiO2作为一种功能性半导体材料,在环境保护、光电转换、涂料行业和工业催化等领域有着极为广泛的用途。然而,光谱吸收范围窄、对太阳光的利用率低以及光量子效率低是限制TiO2实际应用的主要原因。掺杂改性可以拓宽光谱响应范围和提高量子效率,是提高光催化剂活性的重要方法。介绍了掺杂前后TiO2的催化原理,综述了稀土元素单一掺杂、稀土元素与其他元素共掺杂TiO2光催化剂的研究进展,并进一步指出了稀土掺杂TiO2中存在的问题和未来的研究方向。     

纳米TiO2的掺杂改性及应用进展研究

纳米级TiO2作为一种光催化材料,在环境保护、光能转换、医药行业、工业催化等领域有着极为广泛的用途.较低的光量子效率以及短波长高能量的激发源是限制TiO2使用范围的主要原因,其中掺杂改性是提高TiO2光量子效率的重要手段.本文综述了近几年来利用贵金属沉积与离子掺杂来改善二氧化钛光催化性方面所取得的进展及在相关领域的应用.     

可见光活性氮掺杂纳米二氧化钛研究进展

氮掺杂可拓宽TiO2的光响应范围和实现可见光响应、增强其对太阳光能的利用和提高它的光催化效率而成为该领域关注的焦点.本文综述了氮掺杂对TiO2能带结构的影响及氮掺杂纳米TiO2薄膜和粉体的制备方法等方面的研究进展,总结了该领域研究中亟待解决的问题并对今后的发展提出了作者的思考.     

纳米TiO2的掺杂及与多孔材料复合技术的进展

分析了纳米TiO2光催化活性影响因素,综述了TiO2与金属阳离子、非金属元素及稀土氧化物的掺杂及与多孔材料的复合技术,指出掺杂与复合技术是提高TiO2光催化活性的重要手段,此外,在有效利用可见光方面,这2种技术具有一定的前景.     

掺杂TiO2纳米管的研究进展

作为一种具有新型结构的纳米材料,TiO2纳米管展现出良好的应用前景。元素掺杂TiO2纳米管可有效拓展其光谱响应范围,提高光催化活性的量子效率。简要介绍了掺杂机理,详细综述了近几年非金属掺杂、金属掺杂和共掺杂改性TiO2纳米管的研究进展,指出了当前TiO2纳米管研究中存在的问题并给出建议。     

Fe3+-SiO2掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及其光催化降解甲基橙的研究

以三嵌段非离子表面活性剂P123为模板,采用水热法制备了Fe3+-SiPO2掺杂纳米TiO2,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)等手段考察了Fe3+-SiO2掺杂纳米TiO2的结构与光学特性.实验结果表明:Fe3+、SiO2掺杂进入TiO2的晶格,可获得高纯度锐钛矿相纳米TiO2.Fe3+和SiO2的加入有助于抑制金红石相的形成和晶粒长大,提高了TiO2的热稳定性.Fe3+-SiO2掺杂将TiO2的光响应范围拓宽至可见光区,提高了纳米TiO2的光催化性能.与纯纳米TiO2相比,Fe3+-SiO2掺杂纳米TiO2光催化降解甲基橙的性能显著提高.     

金属非金属共掺杂TiO2纳米管的研究进展

部分金属掺杂TiO2纳米管可以有效提高其光电转换效率;而很多非金属的掺杂可以拓宽TiO2纳米管的光谱响应范围从而提高对可见光的利用率。金属和非金属共掺杂则可以使两者协同作用。介绍了金属与非金属掺杂TiO2纳米管的机理、制备方法和研究现状,并在此基础上指出了现如今存在的问题并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

非金属元素掺杂TiO2的可见光催化活性研究进展

TiO2(锐钛矿)的禁带宽度限制了其光诱导特性的广泛应用,非金属元素掺杂为TiO2在可见光辐射环境下的应用提供了新的机会.详细介绍了非金属元素(N、C、S、F)掺杂TiO2的制备方法和可见光催化活性研究的最新进展,讨论了制备工艺与掺杂TiO2可见光催化活性的关系,深入分析了非金属元素对TiO2可见光催化活性的诱导机理.制备工艺显著影响了掺杂元素的化学态和含量,从而决定了掺杂TiO2带隙中局域态的特征.带隙中局域态特征正是影响掺杂TiO2可见光催化活性的关键因素.文章也对未来的研究方向进行了展望.     

氮掺杂纳米TiO2光催化材料的制备及表征分析

以钛酸丁酯为钛源,尿素为氮源,采用溶胶——凝胶法制备纳米TiO2胶体。通过XRD、FI-IR、TG/DTG、UV-VisDRS等分析方法发现,氮掺杂对TiO2的晶型转化起抑制作用;紫外-可见光吸收光谱的分析结果表明,氮掺杂纳米TiO2可有效增强其紫外光区和可见光区吸收性能,拓展了纳米TiO2的光响应波长范围,提高了其光催化性能。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.