动物性天然防腐剂在肉和肉制品中的应用进展

肉和肉制品的贮藏保鲜一直是国内外普遍重视的课题。合理地使用防腐剂可以有效延长肉和肉制品的保质期,是一种生产中行之有效的保鲜方法。天然防腐剂来源广泛,安全性高,其中动物性来源的天然防腐剂研究日益深入。主要介绍了常见动物性来源天然防腐剂的特性及其在肉和肉制品中的应用进展,讨论了生产应用中出现的问题,分析了动物性天然防腐剂在未来的发展趋势与前景。     

天然防腐剂在肉制品中的应用

随着人们生活水平的不断提高,肉与肉制品在餐桌上出现的频率也越来越高。然而化学防腐剂在肉制品领域的应用,其产品受到越来越多的消费者排斥。天然防腐剂与化学防腐剂相比,拥有天然、安全、健康、高效等不可比拟的优势,利用天然防腐剂逐步取代化学防腐剂是市场需求的必然趋势。重点介绍了天然防腐剂的种类、特点、作用范围和在肉制品中的应用现状,剖析了其在应用过程中可能出现的问题,对几种天然防腐剂的发展趋势作了预测。     

壳聚糖的抑菌机制及其在肉及肉制品中的应用研究进展

肉及肉制品因微生物浸染易腐败变质,常通过添加抗氧化剂和防腐剂对肉及肉制品进行防腐保鲜。壳聚糖是一种无抗原性、无毒性、具有良好生物相容性的天然防腐剂,其在肉及肉制品的防腐保鲜、改善品质等方面有重要的作用。壳聚糖对革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌均有较好的抑菌作用,在肉及肉制品中具有广阔的应用前景,复合型壳聚糖更是未来肉制品抑菌发展的总趋势。本文从菌种的类型概括壳聚糖的抑菌机制,综述了壳聚糖在肉及肉制品中的防腐保鲜应用,最后对目前我国肉类工业中的壳聚糖应用瓶颈进行剖析及展望未来的研究重点,为壳聚糖在肉类工业的应用提供参考价值。     

生物保护菌及其在肉制品中的应用

肉制品因具有营养丰富、口感良好等特点而深受消费者喜爱,但其在加工和贮藏过程中极易被腐败菌或致病菌污染而影响肉制品的品质和货架期,严重时甚至会危害人类健康。而化学防腐剂或人工合成抗氧化剂等的使用虽可以有效地延长肉及肉制品的货架期,但其成本较高且对人类的健康具有一定的安全隐患。生物保护菌作为一种天然、安全、无害、高效的防腐剂可以有效抑制有害微生物的生长,因此,将其以防腐剂应用到肉制品中的研究也越来越多。本文主要综述了近年来生物保护菌在肉制品保鲜、延长货架期方面的研究成果,期望可以为安全、高效的肉制品天然保鲜剂的研究提供思路。     

天然防腐剂在肉制品中的应用

概述了肉制品中常用天然防腐剂的功能特性及其防腐机理,同时介绍了天然防腐剂在肉制品工业中的应用现状。     

天然产物在肉制品保鲜中的应用

肉制品营养丰富,在加工和贮藏过程中,极易受微生物污染而腐败变质,添加防腐剂是延缓肉制品腐败最有效、最直接的措施。相对于传统的化学防腐剂,天然防腐性产物,具有安全、健康、来源广泛等特点,日益受到消费者关注。概述了可用的天然防腐剂及其在肉制品中的应用现状,为后期天然产物在肉制品保鲜应用中提供理论依据。     

肉制品防腐添加剂及其应用

防腐剂是保证肉制品质量的重要食品添加剂,按其组分和来源可分为化学类和天然类,最常用的是硝盐和山梨酸盐,而天然植物提取物等天然防腐剂因其低毒低残、抑菌广谱等特点受到关注。文章以分析防腐剂在肉制品中的应用种类、机理及现状等为基础,对不同国家和地区卫生标准中肉制品防腐添加剂的适用范围、限量标准等进行了概要综述。     

天然生物防腐剂在肉制品中的应用

伴随我国人民生活水平的不断提高,肉类加工业也迎来了蓬勃发展。肉制品营养丰富,富含人体所需的蛋白质,但因其水分活度高,极易发生腐败变质,为防止肉制品在生产、贮藏过程中的腐败,就不可避免的要用到防腐剂。化学防腐剂的滥用会危害人体健康,因此,近年来天然的生物防腐剂受到了肉制品行业越来越广泛的关注。综述了几类常用天然生物防腐剂及其在肉制品防腐中的应用和研究现状,分析了有待解决的主要问题,展望了生物防腐剂在肉制品防腐中的应用前景,从而为相关研究人员提供参考。     

Nisin在食品中的应用

Nisin是目前唯一被允许使用于食品防腐的细菌素。本文介绍了天然食品防腐剂Nisin的特性及其抗菌机理。并就其在乳品、肉制品、冷却肉工业中的应用概况加以论述。     

Nisin在食品保鲜中的应用

Nisin是一种高效、无毒、安全、营养的天然食品防腐剂,应用广泛。文章阐述Nisin的性质及作用机理,并介绍其在乳及乳制品、肉及肉制品、蔬菜水果制品等食品防腐保鲜中的应用。     

Authentication of meat and meat products

In recent years, interest in meat authenticity has increased. Many consumers are concerned about the meat they eat and accurate labelling is important to inform consumer choice. Authentication methods can be categorised into the areas where fraud is most likely to occur: meat origin, meat substitution, meat processing treatment and non-meat ingredient addition. Within each area the possibilities for fraud can be subcategorised as follows: meat origin—sex, meat cuts, breed, feed intake, slaughter age, wild versus farmed meat, organic versus conventional meat, and geographic origin; meat substitution—meat species, fat, and protein; meat processing treatment—irradiation, fresh versus thawed meat and meat preparation; non-meat ingredient addition—additives and water. Analytical methods used in authentication are as diverse as the authentication problems, and include a diverse range of equipment and techniques. This review is intended to provide an overview of the possible analytical methods available for meat and meat products authentication. In areas where no authentication methods have been published, possible strategies are suggested.     

Chemical safety of meat and meat products

Since the Second World War the consumer behaviour in developed countries changed drastically. Primarily there existed the demand for sufficient food after a period of starvation, afterwards the desire for higher quality was arising, whereas today most people ask for safe and healthy food with high quality. Therefore a united approach comprising consistent standards, sound science and robust controls is required to ensure consumers' health and to maintain consumers' confidence and satisfaction. Chemical analysis along the whole food chain downstream (tracking) from primary production to the consumer and upstream (tracing) from the consumer to primary production is an important prerequisite to ensure food safety and quality. In this frame the focus of the following paper is the “chemical safety of meat and meat products” taking into account inorganic as well as organic residues and contaminants, the use of nitrite in meat products, the incidence of veterinary drugs, as well as a Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) system assessing (prioritizing) vulnerable food chain steps to decrease or eliminate vulnerability.     

Biogenic amines in meat and meat products

It has been recognized for some time that biogenic amines occur in a wide range of foods, among them meat and meat products. Meat is an important component of the diet in developed countries. The presence of these amines in food is of interest for two reasons: firstly, for toxicological reasons, in the sense that high levels of dietary biogenic amines can be toxic for certain consumers, and secondly, for their role as possible quality indicators. Based on these two premises, the present article offers a new analysis on aspects of toxicology and on the use of biogenic amines as a quality control method, as well as on their presence in meat and meat products. The article focuses particularly on factors affecting the production of biogenic amines, with reference to various parameters relating to microorganisms, meat raw materials, and processing conditions. A better understanding of the factors determining their formation (i.e., microorganisms, raw materials used, and technological processes applied) and their effects could lead to ways of controlling their production, limiting their presence in the end product, and hence, rendering them less toxic.     

肉与肉制品卫生监督管理

为切实把好肉与肉制品的屠宰、加工、贮存、运输、销售等环节的卫生关,确保肉食安全,必须要认真做好食品卫生监督管理工作,包括商业、农业、工商、卫生、外贸等各有关部门的各环节要共同努力,采取综合措施.     

素肉与素肉干产品分析

主要对素肉及素肉干的生产原理、产品优势进行了说明;并介绍了即食全素肉干、风味素肉块、素肉粒(酱类制品专用)、风味素肉类制品四种新型素肉类休闲食品.     

肉及肉制品中彩虹色斑点现象的调查分析

彩虹色斑点是近年来发现存在于肉及肉制品中的一种非正常颜色。对我国几家大型屠宰场的猪、牛分割肉及南京各大超市销售的部分肉制品进行了调查,结果表明:猪肉的各部位均无彩虹色斑点现象;牛肉半腱肌中彩虹色斑点的发生率为83%,其他部位从高到低分别为背最长肌(21%),腰大肌(7%),股二头肌(5%)。牛肉制品中帕斯雀牛肉、烤牛肉和酱牛肉彩虹色斑点最明显,猪肉制品中西式火腿片和咸肉最明显。