2006～2007年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2006年7月～2007年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2006～2007年世界塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

知识创新是工业尿素合成技术创新之本——实验室研究篇

对国内外研究者在尿素合成反应的热力学、动力学、化学平衡及相平衡等方面的研究成果进行了总结和评价,提供了尿素合成反应的热力学、动力学数据和相图,提出了一些新理念.     

意大利ES公司变频器进入中国市场

3月11日,"意科走进中国"新闻发布会在京举行,与来自冶金、石化、电力、建材、水处理、纺织、市政等行业的专家、用户及十几家业内知名的媒体共同分享了意科公司的发展历程,意科变频器的创新标准以及意科在奥运年全面推向中国市场的决心和计划.     

中国工程塑料市场综述(下)

4.3 聚碳酸酯海关进出口分析 1999～2006年间PC进口量年均增长27.91%,比1998～2005年间PC进口量年均增长率31.27%下降3.36个百分点.国内产量偏低、市场需求巨大的现状进一步暴露.中国PC消费主要依靠进口,2006年中国产量仅占总消费量的10%上下.1999～2006年间PC进口量年均增长27.91%,比1998～2005年间Pc进口量年均增长率36.68%下降3.36个百分点.2006年初级形状的聚碳酸酯进口地有45个,主要进口地为泰国(占16.49%),其次为中国(12.86%)、新加坡(11.50%)、美国(10.95%)、日本(10.65%)、韩国(9.81%)、中国台湾省(9.50%)、西班牙(7.46%),八进口地进口量占总进口量的89.2%.     

夹层粘接在大型机床导轨修理中的应用

1 "夹层粘接"新工艺 "夹层粘接"是作者经多年研究、开发的一种新技术,在设备大修理工作中,对于严重摩擦磨损的机床导轨,采用独特的"夹层粘接"工艺,以夹布塑料为加厚层,填充F4为表面耐磨层,使机床导轨恢复了原有的精度和尺寸要求,缩短了修理时间,减轻了劳动强度,节约了修理费用,取得了显著的综合效益.     

加压稀硝"三合一"主机修理小结

我公司年产80 kt加压稀硝装置是国内首例完全国产化装置,其"三合一"主机的汽轮机、减速机由杭汽制造,空压机、膨胀机由陕鼓生产.自1986年装置建成投运以来,每年检修都发现机组气封严重磨损,机壳与转子不同心.为此,公司利用2006年11月大修和2007年7月停车机会对机组进行了全面整修,以期从根本上消除存在的问题.     

工业评述2001～2002年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2001年7月到2002年6月有关国外塑料工业的相关期刊资料,介绍了2001年到2002年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界各地域塑料原材料的产量及构成比,日本、美国、加拿大、德国、法国、比利时、墨西哥、芬兰、西班牙等国家的树脂产量、消费量及增长率,以及日本、西欧、北美等地区的不同品种塑料原料消费量和增长率统计.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等有关技术作了详细的介绍.     

骨胶生产中蒸骨制胶操作方法

1 对蒸骨制胶过程的认识 蒸骨制胶的过程也就是用蒸汽使骨料块在密封的锅内受热、受压,使骨质疏松,由生胶质热解转变为可溶解于热水的动物胶质(习惯上称之为"骨胶")的过程.     

合成TBHQ的工艺改进

研究了以工业品甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)和对苯二酚(HQ)为原料,在磷酸催化下,合成TBHQ的工艺参数.对催化剂的活性、原料的配比和反应时间等进行了优化考察.当对苯二酚∶甲基叔丁基醚∶磷酸=1∶1∶0.5(mol),反应温度为125℃,反应时间3.5h,TBHQ的收率达85.7%.与传统方法相比,该方法具有价廉、操作简单的特点,具有较高的开发、应用价值.用MTBE作原料合成TBHQ未见有关文献具体报道.     

湖光山色清新隽永——访江西省高级工艺美术师杨修勇

在我的办公桌上,放着一把<井岗山八角楼>粉彩山水壶,每当我空闲时,总喜欢拿在手中把玩,这件小小的山水壶虽不能展现气势豪雄的大写意山水画面,也不可能真正达到烟云满纸的效果,但细腻的工笔,雅静的画意给人一种清心的感觉和享受.     

煤结构模型研究及展望

从煤大分子结构模型、分子间结构模型和复合结构模型3个方面对煤的十几种典型结构模型进行了归类,对各模型的研究背景和研究方法进行了介绍和简要评述,并引入了我国学者新近发表的若干煤结构模型概念,指出其中的煤嵌布结构模型是目前煤化学界所提出的最为系统和全面的关于煤复合结构的概念描述,其研究过程反映了该嵌布结构模型是煤组成结构本质的一种自然体现,对煤溶解过程中的各种现象及煤的黏结性等可以作出合理的解释。     

Crystalline morphology of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) in injection molded poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/iPP microfibrillar blends

The poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/isotactic polypropylene (iPP) in situ microfibrillar blends have been prepared through a “slit die extrusion-hot stretch-quenching” process, in which PET assumes microfibrils with 0.5-15 μm in diameter depending on the hot stretching ratios (HSR, the area of the transverse section of the die to the area of the transverse section of the extrudate). The injection molded specimens of virgin iPP and the PET/iPP blends were prepared by conventional injection molding (CIM) and by shear controlled orientation injection molding (SCORIM), respectively. The effect of shear stress and PET phase with different shape on superstructures and their distribution of injection molded microfibrillar samples were investigated by means of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). The shear (or elongational) flow during CIM and SCORIM can induce oriented lamellae (i.e. kebabs induced by shish). The shish-kebab structure appears not only in the skin and intermediated layers of CIM samples, but also in the whole region of SCORIM samples. For the neat iPP samples, a more “stretched” shish-kebab structure with higher orientation degree can be obtained in the interior region (intermediate and core layers) by the SCORIM method; moreover, the SCORIM can result in the growth of β-form crystal both in intermediate layer and in core layer, which only appears in intermediate layer of the neat iPP samples obtained by CIM. For the PET/iPP blends, interestingly, the addition of microfibrils as well as their aspect ratios can affect the orientation degree of kebabs only in the intermediate layers, and the addition of microfibrils with a low aspect ratio can bring out a considerable increase in the orientation degree of kebabs along the flow direction. However, for the SCORIM, the addition of microfibrils seems to be a minor effect on the orientation degree of kebabs, and it tends to hamper the formation of a more “stretched” shish-kebab structure and suppresses the growth of β-form crystal distinctly. Furthermore, It appears from experiment that γ-form crystals can grow successfully in this oriented iPP melt with the synergistic effect of shear and pressure only when the growth of β crystals can be restrained by some factors, such as the PET dispersed phase and thermal conditions (cooling rate).     

煤结构研究进展

从煤的聚集态结构入手,总结了几种主要显微组分的成因、结构及其溶胀特性,分析并讨论了近年来煤结构模型（包括化学结构模型、物理结构模型及综合模型）的研究及其发展情况,提出了煤结构研究的方法和思路,并指出了煤结构研究的发展方向。最后通过总结煤结构研究在新材料制备中的重要作用,进一步揭示了煤结构研究的重要性。     

新型干法水泥厂窑尾塔架的结构选型

近十年来,由于大规模水泥厂窑尾塔架跨度大,单根梁柱的内力大,钢结构梁柱和钢管混凝土柱因其特有的性能优势得到了广泛的应用。结合近30年的工程实践,总结了新型干法水泥窑窑尾塔架设计的结构选型,分析了在不同背景条件下窑尾塔架各种结构形式的适用范围和性能特点。     

Review on Shielding Mechanism and Structural Design of Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Composites

Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) for electromagnetic interference shielding have received significant attention and shown rapid development. According to the electromagnetic wave interface conduction theory of Schelkunoff, excellent conductive performance and perfect conductive network structure are prerequisites for high shielding efficiency of electromagnetic interference shielding composites. Effective multiple interface reflection absorption, dielectric loss, and hysteresis loss characteristics of the materials are crucial for realizing the regulation of the electromagnetic interference shielding performance of CPCs. Therefore, the structural design of conductive and magnetic network for CPCs is crucial for achieving high shielding performance. In this study, it is established that an electromagnetic shielding composite with a uniform structure is widely used because of its simple preparation process, but its inefficient conductive network causes a high percolation threshold. The inefficiency can be solved by designing a composite structure and improving the efficiency of the conductive network. Currently, common structural designs include segregated structural, layered structural, and foam structural designs. These structural designs effectively solve the problem of high percolation threshold of CPCs and coordinate the contradiction between the performance of electromagnetic interference shielding and other advantages.     

涂料技术发展趋势与产品结构调整

阐述了改革开放30年来我国涂料行业技术进步,结合国际国内经济环境的变化,以及在经济发展转型期涂料技术的发展如何适应市场需求,在企业总体发展战略转型形势中技术创新和产品结构调整的方向。     

凸台结构在车身设计中的运用

简要介绍了在汽车新产品开发工程化设计阶段,运用同步工程（SE）对车身结构的防气泡性、沥液性、电泳成膜性进行分析时,针对在前处理、电泳过程中可能出现的兜气、积液、电泳不良等车身结构缺陷,引入凸台结构,并根据车身不同部位的结构特点采用不同的凸台结构进行优化设计,消除或减少影响涂装质量的车身结构缺陷,对降低整车开发成本,缩短新产品开发周期具有十分重要的意义,     

Na_2O—CaO—B_2O_3—A1_2O_3—SiO_2玻璃的Raman光谱

微孔玻璃是基于分相原理得到的。人们发现,由于Na_2O-B_2O_3-SiO_2系统中同时存在两种形成玻璃网络的氧化物B_2O_3及SiO_2,电价不平衡的[BO_4]四面体趋于获得Na_2O中的游离氧而形成含富Na_2O-Ba_2O_3的相,从而与含富XiO_2相分开,当这种分相玻璃浸于稀盐     

Structure of natural rubber/emulsion butadiene rubber (NR/EBR) vulcanizates

Diblock amorphous topological structure of a filled vulcanizate network made of natural rubber (NR) and Emulsion Butadiene Rubber (EBR) was found. These blocks differ in the transition temperatures about 200°C. Dual transitions of such rubbers have been assigned as a motion of the mixed soft block [low glass transition temperature (T_g )] in the glassy state and the motion in elements of a network around physical and chemical crosslinking sites in a rigid block (high T_g ), respectively. Compaction of the topological structure of a high‐temperature block during curing (manifested by the growth of T_g ) was noticed. The molecular weight distribution of the chains between the junctions of the network and shares of these amorphous blocks in the structure of the rubber network vs curing time were calculated using the methodology shown. Introduction of Perkalink 900 at constant quantity of sulfur changes a structure of the junctions in the tested rubber network from mixed (10–15% of chemical bonds, and remaining are cluster type and topological junctions) into practically all chemical bonds. Optimal curing time evaluated by the thermomechanical analysis, at which molecular structures formed in both blocks reflect the equilibrium state of adsorption layers of two rubbers introduced into the compound, is close to that evaluated by the vulcametric tests. The location of the molecular weight distribution curve in both blocks one against another depends on rubber formulation. Also, a fact that crosslinks are gathered, as was predicted by Vilgis and Heinrich calculations, was confirmed experimentally. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 732–742, 2000     

Controlled synthesis of core-shell,yolk-shell and hollow spheres C@La2Zr2O7 via the combination of hard templating and co-precipitation method

Core-shell and yolk–shell architectures are attracting great attention owing to their unique structure and infusive applications in the nanotechnology field. In this research, core-shell structured C@La₂Zr₂O₇ nanospheres were synthesized through a facile technique using carbon spheres as templates. Lanthanum nitrate (La(NO₃)₃·6H₂O) and zirconium oxychloride (ZrOCl₂·8H₂O) co-precipitated homogeneously on the surface of modified carbon spheres by adding ammonia dropwise. The close-to perfect spherical La₂Zr₂O₇ hollow spheres were obtained by a two-step calcination of the C@La₂Zr₂O₇ core-shell components, which were calcined at a high temperature in argon atmosphere and followed by low temperature oxidization calcination. SEM, TEM, XRD, and FTIR were used to characterize the morphology, size, composition, and crystal structure of synthesized products. The results show that La₂Zr₂O₇ nanoparticles were attached tightly on the surface of carbon spheres through the functional groups, such as -OH, and O˭C-O-. After modified by NaOH, the carbon spheres surface possessed more abundant oxygen containing groups, resulting in much more La³⁺ and Zr⁴⁺ co-precipitated uniformly on their surface. Ultimately, an average diameter of the La₂Zr₂O₇ hollow spheres was about 220 nm and the shell thickness was about 40 nm. Through controlling the oxidation calcination time, the morphology of the powders exhibited core-shell structured, yolk-shell structured and hollow structured spheres. Further, the formation mechanism of the hollow La₂Zr₂O₇ spheres was elucidated.