晶须取向对SiCw/6061Al复合材料热压缩变形行为的影响

采用SEM 和 Magiscan-2A 图像分析系统研究了晶须取向对SiCw/6061Al复合材料在300℃压缩变形行为的影响.结果表明:晶须取向影响着晶须折断程度和转动角度; 随着晶须取向角的增加,晶须转动和折断行为所导致的软化效果下降.同时晶须取向也影响复合材料的热压缩应力-应变曲线的形状.在热压缩变形过程中,晶须取向角为0°和30°的复合材料表现出明显应变软化现象, 晶须取向角为45°的复合材料无明显软化现象.晶须取向角为90℃的复合材料表现出应变硬化现象.     

晶须转动对铝基复合材料热压缩变形行为的影响

采用平面应变有限元方法研究了晶须转动对晶须增强铝基复合材料热压缩变形行为的影响.数值结果表明:晶须转动不仅引起晶须承载能力的下降,而且也影响基体的塑性变形行为,同时复合材料在热压缩变形过程中表现出明显的应变软化行为.数值分析研究进一步证明:晶须转动是复合材料出现应变软化的重要原因.     

SiCW/ AZ91 镁基复合材料及AZ91镁合金的高温变形行为

利用Gleeble-1500 对SiC_W/ AZ91 复合材料和AZ91 镁合金在温度为423～723 K、应变速率为0.002～0.25s-1 、最大应变量为60 %的条件下进行高温压缩变形行为的研究。测试了其真应力-应变曲线, 观察了变形后的显微组织。结果表明: 晶须的转动和折断导致复合材料的应变软化现象较合金明显; 复合材料和合金的应变速率敏感指数(m) 和表观激活能(Q) 均随温度的升高而增大; 晶须的加入细化了晶粒, 使复合材料的m 值比合金高; 同时晶须的加入也限制了位错交滑移和晶界的迁移, 因此复合材料的Q 值比合金高; 压缩变形过程中, 合金和复合材料发生了动态回复和动态再结晶。      

SiCw/Al复合材料的大应变变形和再结晶

研究了对压铸SiCw/Al复合材料进行大应变变形及回复和再结晶的行为。对复合材料的塑性变形研究表明,挤压温度过高导致复合材料表面产生宏观裂纹;包覆挤压可有效地消除表面宏观裂纹;挤压比越大,晶须的定向排列和折断程度越大;提高挤压温度及采用流线型模具可减小晶须折断程度,并可提高复合材料的纵向抗拉强度;提高挤压比不能单调地增大纵向抗拉强度。挤压后T6处理可大幅度提高复合材料的强度。 对复合材料压缩变形时晶须行为研究表明,基体金属不均匀流动导致晶须的转动,晶须转动受晶须排列和晶须与基体的约束影响;晶须的折断是由于晶须与基体变形不协调的结果。 对复合材料的再结晶研究表明,冷变形复合材料基体为形变亚晶,晶内位错呈胞状结构。冷轧15％SiCw/L3复合材料的再结晶起始温度为200℃。高体积分数晶须的存在促进了回复,导致连续再结晶和不连续再结晶同时发生。晶须端部和侧面是有利的非连续再结晶形核场所。与基体金属相比,复合材料的形变织构和再结晶织构被弱化,主要织构组分强度也与基体金属不同。溶质原子使冷变形复合材料的再结晶过程延迟。时效析出相与晶须促进复合材料退火时发生连续再结晶。     

原位生成TiBw/Ti复合材料的微观组织及高温压缩变形过程的演化规律

用粉末冶金原位合成法制备了TiB晶须增强钛基复台材料。利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射方法对经挤压变形后复合材料的微观结构进行了分析。在复合材料中观察到反应生成的TiB晶须。复合材料经过热挤压变形后,TiB晶须沿挤压方向定向排列。对挤压态TiBw／Ti复合材料进行高温压缩变形,TiB晶须在热压缩变形过程中发生转动或折断现象，变形温度越低，晶须折断现象越严重。     

SiC晶须对SiCw/6061Al复合材料拉伸和压缩变形行为的影响

通过试验研究了SiCw/6061Al复合材料和6061Al基体的拉伸和压缩变形行为.结果表明,SiCw/6061Al复合材料和6061Al的拉伸变形行为相同,而压缩变形曲线上出现应力峰,这与不同应力状态下SiC晶须的转动有关.拉伸时SiC晶须逐渐转向与外力平行方向使SiCw/6061Al复合材料的应力增大,而压缩时SiC晶须转向与外力垂直方向使其应力减小,而不是由动态再结晶引起.     

低体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料热变形行为的研究

在Gleeble-3500热模拟实验机上对机械超声搅拌法制备的SiCp/Al复合材料进行高温压缩变形实验,研究其高温热变形行为.变形温度为300～500℃,应变速率为0.0005～0.1 s-1,在实验数据的基础上,引入Z-H参数建立了用于描述复合材料高温热变形行为的本构关系模型.研究表明:流变应力开始随应变的增加而增大,出现峰值后逐渐减小并趋于平稳,表现出流变软化特征;应力峰值随温度的升高而减小,随应变速率的增大而增大.     

漂珠/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的高温压缩变形行为

采用搅拌铸造法制备了漂珠(FAC)/AZ91D镁合金复合材料。研究了该复合材料的高温压缩变形行为,分析了压缩变形温度和应变率对FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料压缩变形行为的影响规律,并计算了其热变形激活能。结果表明:FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的高温压缩真应力-真应变曲线分为4个阶段:弹性变形、加工硬化、峰值应力和稳态流变阶段。相同应变率下,FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的峰值应力和稳态流变应力随压缩变形温度的升高而降低;相同压缩变形温度下,流变应力随应变率增大而升高。在相同应变率或相同压缩变形温度下,FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的热变形激活能随压缩应变率或压缩变形温度的升高而增大,其热压缩行为可以用双曲正弦函数形式的Arrhenius关系来描述。压缩变形温度与应变率对FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的高温压缩组织均有重要影响。提高压缩变形温度或增大应变率,均可加速动态再结晶的进程。     

SiCw／Al复合材料的强度分析

用简化应力的分析方法推导了SiCw／Al复合材料的强度与SiC晶须偏轴角α的关系，并通过试验进行验证．结果表明，计算的SiCw／Al复合材料强度与实测值比较接近，其误差归因于压缩变形过程中SiC晶须发生了转动和折断，改变了SiC晶须的偏轴角和平均长径比．     

SiCw／Al复合材料的残余热应力与Bauschinger效应

研究了晶须体积分数为２５％的ＳｉＣｗ／Ａｌ复合材料的残余淬火应力及在较大预压缩变形条件下的Ｂａｕｓｃｈｉｎｇｅｒ效应。结果表明，复合材料中的残余应力随淬火温度的提高而增大，复合材料压缩变形后，晶须发生了转动。晶须转动与残余应力共同作用的结果是复合材料的Ｂａｕｓｃｈｉｎｇｅｒ应力在的淬火温度下达到最大值。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.