水合硝酸镁热解过程研究

水合硝酸镁是红土镍矿硝酸湿法冶金工艺中产生的副产品,其资源化利用是决定湿法冶金工艺绿色化工艺链条贯通的关键环节之一。水合硝酸镁热解生产氧化镁是其资源化利用最具潜力的发展方向。为此,以稳定的硝酸镁水合物——六水硝酸镁为实验物料,采用热重分析（TG-DTG）、红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线衍射（XRD）和差示扫描量热分析（DSC）等技术手段研究了其热解基本过程,旨在为水合硝酸镁资源化工艺参数的确定提供理论支撑。研究结果表明,水合硝酸镁热解过程可以分为脱水和分解两个阶段：脱水阶段,六水硝酸镁在68~170 ℃失去4个结晶水生成二水硝酸镁,二水硝酸镁在170~389 ℃失去2个结晶水生成无水硝酸镁;分解阶段,无水硝酸镁在389~510 ℃分解生成氧化镁、二氧化氮和氧气。六水硝酸镁热解过程是一个吸热反应,其反应热约为940.50 J/g。     

超细氧化锌的制备及紫外屏蔽性能研究

以硝酸锌为主要原料,采用沉淀反应结合水热处理的方法制备超细氧化锌,并将其制备成紫外屏蔽膜,采用紫外分光光度仪测试屏蔽膜的紫外屏蔽性能。结果表明：添加微量氧化锌粉体的紫外屏蔽膜具有很好的可见光透光性和紫外屏蔽特性。氧化锌紫外屏蔽膜制备最佳工艺为：硝酸锌浓度为0.5　mol/L,固体氢氧化钠、硝酸锌晶体和十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）物质的量比为15∶7∶1,水热温度为120　℃,水热时间为0.5　h,沉淀反应温度为70　℃,沉淀反应时间为0.5　h。     

Water-induced bulk Ba(NO3)2 formation from NO2 exposed thermally aged BaO/Al2O3

Phase changes in high temperature treated (>900 °C) 8 or 20 wt% BaO supported on γ-Al₂O₃ model lean NO_x trap (LNT) catalysts, induced by NO₂ and/or H₂O adsorption, were investigated with powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), solid state ²⁷Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy, and NO₂ temperature programmed desorption (TPD) experiments. After calcination in dry air at 1000 °C, the XRD and solid state ²⁷Al MAS NMR results confirm that stable surface BaO and bulk BaAl₂O₄ phases are formed for 8 and 20 wt% BaO/Al₂O₃, respectively. Following NO₂ adsorption over these thermally treated samples, some evidence for nanosized Ba(NO₃)₂ particles are observed in the XRD results, although this may represent a minority phase. However, when water was added to the thermally aged samples after NO₂ exposure, the formation of bulk crystalline Ba(NO₃)₂ particles was observed in both samples. Solid state ²⁷Al MAS NMR is shown to be a good technique for identifying the various Al species present in the materials during the processes studied here. NO₂ TPD results demonstrate a significant loss of uptake for the 20 wt% model catalysts upon thermal treatment. However, the described phase transformations upon subsequent water treatment gave rise to the partial recovery of NO_x uptake, demonstrating that such a water treatment of thermally aged catalysts can provide a potential method to regenerate LNT materials.     

多级结构羟基硝酸铜纳米酶的制备及其对酚类污染物的降解

漆酶是一种多铜氧化酶,在空气条件下即可催化氧化多胺、多酚类有机物,被认为是水处理及土壤修复领域的绿色催化剂。纳米酶是一种具有酶催化活性的纳米材料,因其具有多功能性、低成本、高稳定性等优点,近年来引起广泛关注。因此,本文以尿素水解过程中产生的异氰酸根离子为模板剂,与Cu(NO₃)₂溶液反应制备具有漆酶活性的多级结构羟基硝酸铜[H-Cu₂(OH)₃NO₃]纳米酶。其催化活性是传统Cu(NO₃)₂与尿素水解法制备的羟基硝酸铜的1.85倍,其最大反应速率是漆酶的1.27倍。H-Cu₂(OH)₃NO₃纳米酶在不同pH、温度、储存时间和盐浓度条件下体现良好的催化稳定性。在重复利用12次后,保持58%的催化活性,体现出良好的重复利用性。而且H-Cu₂(OH)₃NO₃纳米酶具有降解土壤与地下水中常见的2,4-二氯苯酚、对...     

硝酸盐溶液浓度对镁铝水滑石结构记忆效应的影响

用共沉淀法制备了镁铝水滑石,并进行XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、TG-DTA和FT-IR等表征。结果表明,制备的镁铝水滑石呈六方晶型,比表面积为121 m²·g^-1。研究了硝酸盐溶液浓度对水滑石结构记忆性的影响,发现400 ℃焙烧5 h的镁铝水滑石在硝酸铜和硝酸铁溶液中浸泡可以恢复水滑石结构,溶液浓度越低越容易恢复,同时NO₃^-插入水滑石的层间可以形成一种新型应用功能材料。     

Obtaining CeO2–ZrO2 mixed oxides by coprecipitation: role of preparation conditions

The preparation of CeO₂–ZrO₂ mixed oxides preparation was studied by evaluating the influence of several conditions. Coprecipitation was taken as the standard method and the effects brought about by the cerium salt precursor ((NH₄)₂Ce(NO₃)₆ or Ce(NO₃)₃), the introduction of drying and aging steps as well as pH controlling upon precipitation were analyzed. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, temperature-programmed reduction, infrared spectroscopy, oxygen storage capacity and surface area. The use of Ce(NO₃)₃ leads to the formation of c-CeO₂ and t-ZrO₂ mixed oxide whereas a solid solution is achieved by using (NH₄)₂Ce(NO₃)₆. It was observed that the cerium precursor is the most significant parameter of preparation procedure since it defines the crystalline phases and consequently the reducibility behavior of the CeO₂–ZrO₂ system.     

阴离子对Mg(OH)2晶体生长及形貌的影响机理

以轻烧粉、氯化铵、硝酸铵、乙酸铵、硫酸铵为原料,氨气为沉淀剂,采用氨循环法制备氢氧化镁晶体,并通过扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）对其进行表征分析。采用Materials Studio分子模拟软件中的CASTEP模块,计算了Cl^-、NO₃^-、CH₃COO^-对氢氧化镁晶体（001）、（101）晶面生长的影响。结果表明,采用不同的镁盐得到不同形貌的氢氧化镁晶体阴离子电负性越大,对晶体形貌影响越小;Mg（OH）₂晶体的（001）、（101）晶面能量与布居数分析表明,Cl^-、NO₃^-、CH₃COO^-使晶体的（001）、（101）面的表面能增大、Fermi能级减小,阴离子与（001）、（101）晶面之间形成新的具有微弱共价性的离子键,影响晶体晶面的生长。理论计算较好地解释了不同形貌的氢氧化镁晶体的形成原因。     

Storage of NO2 on BaO/TiO2 and the influence of NO

The influence of NO on the adsorption and desorption of NO₂ on BaO/TiO₂ has been studied under lean conditions. The adsorption of NO₂ involves the disproportionation of NO₂ into an adsorbed nitrate species and NO released to the gas phase with a 3:1 ratio,

BaO+3NO₂→NO+Ba(NO₃)₂.

Three different nitrate species form on the catalyst: surface nitrates on the TiO₂ support, surface nitrates on BaO, and bulk barium nitrate. The stability of the three species in different gas feeds was investigated by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD).

The reverse reaction of the NO₂ disproportionation has also been observed. If NO is added to the feed, nitrates previously formed on the sorbent will decompose into NO₂. Therefore, the above chemical equation should be considered as an equilibrium reaction. Applying this finding to the NO_x storage and reduction catalyst means that NO probably reacts with the previously formed nitrates yielding NO₂ as an intermediate product. This NO₂ is subsequently reduced by the reducing agents (hydrocarbons and CO) present during the regeneration period.     

Reaction Synthesis of Magnesium Silicon Nitride Powder

The synthesis of magnesium silicon nitride (MgSiN₂) by direct nitridation of a Si/Mg₂Si/Mg/Si₃N₄ powder mixture is described. A nucleation period at 550°C and stepwise heat-treatment schedule up to 1350°C was adopted for the synthesis of MgSiN₂ powder, based on TG-DTA measurements. The influence of the ratio of constituents on the final phase composition also has been studied. The content of magnesium and silicon in the starting powder should fulfill the conditions Mg₂Si/Mg ≥ 3 and Si₃N₄/Si_tot≥ 0.5 to obtain single-phase MgSiN₂. The silicon particle size of <0.5 μm is preferable to decrease the time of nitridation. The oxygen content of as-synthesized powders is in the range 0.9–1.2 wt%. However, the oxygen content of MgSiN₂ powder decreases further by the addition of 2 wt% CaF₂ or 0.75 wt% carbon and reaching the lowest value of 0.45 wt% oxygen after carbothermal reduction in an alumina-tube furnace.     

改性方法和助剂CeO2对CuO/AC催化剂脱硫性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备了CuO/AC及CuO-CeO₂/AC双金属催化剂,金属氧化物的前驱体为不同浓度的Cu(NO₃)₂及Ce(NO₃)₃溶液。CuO-CeO₂/AC双金属氧化物催化剂采用分步浸渍法,对制得的催化剂进行模拟烟气脱硫性能比较。通过SEM和X射线衍射等手段对催化剂表面形貌和表面晶相进行分析。结果表明,添加质量分数1%CeO₂助剂的CuO/AC催化剂脱硫效果最好,因为助剂CeO₂能够使CuO在催化剂表面有更高的分散度,负载金属氧化物催化剂的脱硫活性顺序为：CuO-CeO₂/AC＞CuO/AC。     

新型六水氯化镁-六水硝酸镁/石墨相氮化碳复合相变材料的制备及其热性能研究

我国青海盐湖镁资源的利用率低,带来严重的资源浪费和环境污染,若将镁盐开发为相变储热材料,则可扩大其应用领域,从而促进镁盐资源的充分利用。针对中低温保温隔热的应用需求,在前期工作基础上,选用MgCl₂·6H₂O-Mg（NO₃）₂·6H₂O（MCH-MNH）质量比为41∶59的共晶盐作为相变材料,为降低其过冷度并提高隔热性能,选用多孔介质石墨相氮化碳（g-C₃N₄,CN）作为支撑材料,制备低热导率的MCH-MNH/CN复合相变材料。先将尿素在550℃高温下煅烧得到多孔的CN,再采用吸附法制备出MCH-MNH/CN复合相变材料,并对复合相变材料的形貌、结构与热性能进行了表征和测量。结果表明,共晶盐相变材料均匀地吸附在CN的微孔结构内,其与CN的复合是一个物理过程,没有发生化学反应;复合相变材料的相变温度为55.2℃,相变焓值为92.7 J/g,几乎没有过冷度,其热导率为0.3 W/（m·K）,仅是共晶盐MCH-MNH的一半,提高了隔热性能。此外,复合相变材料还具有良好的热稳定性,在中低温保温隔热领域具有应用前景。     

Preparation of alumina microshells by the emulsion evaporation technique

Spherical hollow alumina powders (alumina microshells) were prepared from evaporation of water-in-oil (w/o) type emulsions by employing an aqueous Al(NO₃)₃ solution as water, mineral oil as the organic phase and a non-ionic surfactant, Arlacel 83, as the emulsifier. It was found that 65% mineral oil, 30% aqueous Al(NO₃)₃ and 5% Arlacel 83 composition produced stable, w/o type emulsions by mechanical stirring at 20°C. The aluminum ion concentration was varied between 0·25 and 2·0 to investigate its effect on the emulsion droplet size. Alumina microshells obtained from the evaporation of w/o emulsions were characterized with respect to size and distribution. The influence of aluminum ion concentration on these properties was also studied.     

H2 uptake and synthesis of the fluorinated Li-dispersed nickel oxide nanotubes

Aligned Li-dispersed nickel oxide nanotubes were prepared using LiNO₃, Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O and an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template for potential applications in H₂ storage. The nanotubes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nickel(II) oxide nanotubes obtained had a trigonal structure with a uniform length, 40–50 nm in wall thickness and 200 ± 10 nm in the outer diameter. The external surface of the nanotubes was modified by fluorination. The level of H₂ adsorption was determined using the gravimetric method. The fluorinated Li-dispersed nickel oxide nanotubes showed a 0.06 wt% and 1.65 wt% increase in weight due to H₂ adsorption under an equilibrium pressure of 47 atm at 298 K and 77 K, respectively.     

Sol-gel synthesis of BaTiO3 and Ba1−x−yCaySrx(ZryTi1−y)O3 perovskite powders

A BaTiO₃ powder has been prepared by the sol-gel process from the hydrolysis of a solution of barium acetate and titanium ethylate in the presence of acetic acid as a catalyst. Supplementary constituents in the form of Ca(CH₃COO)₂, Zr(OC₃H₇)₄, Sr(NO₃)₂ also can be used. Intermediate phases of barium acetate and barium carbonate have been identified by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, infra-red and scanning electron microscopy. BaTiO₃ with perovskite structure synthesizes in the temperature range from 600 to 1000°C.     

钙铝质矿相对碱激发矿渣氯离子固化能力的影响研究

本文提出了一类改性碱激发矿渣胶凝材料,通过在原材料中掺入额外的钙、铝质矿相(Ca(OH)₂和γ-Al₂O₃),促进材料基体中的Friedel's盐(F盐)在氯离子存在条件下的形成,进而提升胶凝材料的氯离子固化能力。本研究探讨了钙、铝质矿物含量对碱矿渣反应产物组成、氯离子固化量以及力学性能的影响。结果表明,钙、铝质矿相的额外补充可显著提高胶凝材料的氯离子固化能力,同时体系的m(Ca)/m(Al)与该能力的相关性较高。物相分析结果表明,钙质矿相的补充使得反应产物中拥有富余的Ca(OH)₂,在氯盐侵蚀作用下,富余的Ca(OH)₂全部转化为F盐或其他物相,证实了体系氯离子固化能力的增强得益于F盐的形成,即得益于化学固氯能力的提升。抗压强度测试结果,表明钙质矿物的掺入对力学性能存在一定负面影响,而铝质矿相的掺入则能够在一定程度上弥补强度损失。     

In-situ growth of needlelike LaAl11O18 for reinforcement of alumina composites

In situ growth of needlelike LaAl₁₁O₁₈ grains reinforcing Al₂O₃ composites can be fabricated by a coprecipitation method using La(NO₃)₃√6H₂O and Al(NO₃)₃√9H₂O as starting materials. The new two-step process involved firstly preparing needlelike LaAl₁₁O₁₈ grains distributed homogeneously in Al₂O₃ powder and then pressureless sintering the composite powders. The Al₂O₃/25 vol.%LaAl₁₁O₁₈ samples pressureless sintered at 1550°C for 4 h achieve relative density up to 96.5% and exhibit a bending strength of 420±30 MPa and a fracture toughness of 4.3±0.4 MPa m^1/2.     

Elucidation of a preparation method for copper ion-exchanged ZSM-5 samples exhibiting extremely efficient N2-adsorption at room temperature: effect of counter ions in the exchange solution

The adsorption of N₂ on a copper ion-exchanged ZSM-5 sample (CuZSM-5) prepared by ion exchange using an aqueous solution of copper propionate, Cu(C₂H₅COO)₂, was examined at room temperature by measuring the FT-IR spectra, adsorption isotherms and heat of adsorption. This sample was found to be extremely efficient in terms of N₂ adsorption with regard to both the amount and the energy (i.e., heat) of adsorption, compared with samples prepared by a conventional ion-exchange method using an aqueous solution involving Cu²⁺ and simple counter ions, Cl⁻ or NO₃⁻. To clarify the specificity of the newly-prepared sample, the ion-exchange of ZSM-5 with Cu²⁺ was carried out by employing aqueous solutions involving Cu²⁺ and various types of counter ions [propionate (C₂H₅COO⁻), acetate (CH₃COO⁻), formate (HCOO⁻), chloride (Cl⁻) and nitrate (NO₃⁻) ions]. When the ion exchange was performed by using a Cu(C₂H₅COO)₂ or Cu(CH₃COO)₂ solution, the Cu²⁺ species with propionate or acetate ligand (in the monomer state) were ion-exchanged in ZSM-5, as confirmed by the DR, EPR and FT-IR spectra for CuZSM-5. In contrast, Cu²⁺ species were present in the form of aquo-complexes in samples prepared with other solutions. This distinct difference can be ascribed to the difference in the pK_a values of the counter ions; carboxylate ions, with a high pK_a value, are inclined to form a complex with Cu²⁺. Using this newly applied Cu(C₂H₅COO)₂ solution, the present ion-exchange method has the potential to develop new effective materials that possess the specific adsorption and catalytic properties of CuZSM-5.     

碳酸锶废渣酸浸尾气的处理研究

将酸浸碳酸锶废渣时逸出的硫化氢气体和空气通入硝酸铁溶液中,硫化氢被氧化得到硫磺,硝酸铁溶液可重复使用。通过实验研究确定了较优实验条件：硝酸铁浓度为0.5 mol/L,实验温度为30 ℃,所得硫磺纯度为99.38%,每得到1 g硫磺时硝酸铁损失量（以Fe₂O₃计）为0.013 7 g。该方法具有条件容易控制、工艺流程简单等优点,适用于碳酸锶废渣酸浸过程中硫化氢气体的处理。     

Degradation of olive oil mill effluents by catalytic wet air oxidation: 2-Oxidation of p-hydroxyphenylacetic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids over Pt and Ru supported catalysts

Catalytic wet air oxidation of p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, two important pollutants present in the olive oil mill wastewaters, was studied in a batch reactor using platinum and ruthenium catalysts supported on titanium and zirconium oxides at 140 °C and 50 bar of total air pressure. Reaction pathways for the oxidation of these two substrates were proposed, with formation of different aromatic compounds and short-chain organic acids through hydroxylation and decarboxylation reactions.

It was observed that the conversion and the mineralization of these two substrates were markedly affected by the nature of the ruthenium precursor (RuCl₃ or Ru(NO)(NO₃)₃), with the non-chlorine containing salt giving the best performances. Calcination of the catalyst precursor before reduction was detrimental. The nature of the metallic precursor (H₂PtCl₆ or Pt(NH₃)₄(NO₃)₂) had little influence on the catalytic properties of platinum catalysts, whereas the textural properties of the support were an important factor.     

Effect of Pd precursor salt on the activity and stability of Pd-doped hexaaluminate catalysts for the CH4 catalytic combustion

This study reports the influence of palladium salt precursor on the catalytic activity of palladium-doped hexaaluminate catalysts for the combustion of 1 vol% CH₄ in the presence of CO₂ and H₂O as inhibitors. Thermal stability of the catalysts is evaluated in long-term catalytic test at 700 °C. The hexaaluminate supports were synthesized using two different procedures: conventional coprecipitation and solid/solid diffusion procedure. Palladium impregnation was carried out by two different routes using Pd(NO₃)₂ in water or Pd(acac)₂ in toluene as impregnation solution. It was observed that using Pd(acac)₂ as precursor allows to attain higher dispersion of the active phase (Pd particles size <3 nm). Compared to the catalysts obtained by impregnation of Pd(NO₃)₂, higher catalytic activities are then obtained. Nevertheless, a deactivation of the samples obtained using Pd(acac)₂ is observed. At the end of the stability test, almost similar catalytic activity is obtained whatever the palladium precursor. Reduction–reoxidation experiment showed that this deactivation is irreversible, and TEM analysis suggest that this deactivation is related to the sintering of Pd particles under reaction over samples synthesized using Pd(acac)₂ as precursor.