Multilevel DC-link inverter

This paper presents a new class of multilevel inverters based on a multilevel dc link (MLDCL) and a bridge inverter to reduce the number of switches, clamping diodes, or capacitors. An MLDCL can be a diode-clamped phase leg, a flying-capacitor phase leg, or cascaded half-bridge cells with each cell having its own dc source. A multilevel voltage-source inverter can be formed by connecting one of the MLDCLs with a single-phase bridge inverter. The MLDCL provides a dc voltage with the shape of a staircase approximating the rectified shape of a commanded sinusoidal wave, with or without pulsewidth modulation, to the bridge inverter, which in turn alternates the polarity to produce an ac voltage. Compared with the cascaded H-bridge, diode-clamped, and flying-capacitor multilevel inverters, the MLDCL inverters can significantly reduce the switch count as well as the number of gate drivers as the number of voltage levels increases. For a given number of voltage levels m, the required number of active switches is 2/spl times/(m-1) for the existing multilevel inverters but is m+3 for the MLDCL inverters. Simulation and experimental results are included to verify the operating principles of the MLDCL inverters.     

用于级联型逆变器的一种PWM调制方法

级联型逆变器常用PWM算法,除载波移相法外,均需进行开关轮换以平衡功率单元利用,但已有算法需要额外开关动作.为此提出了一种开关轮换算法,在保证功率单元开关次数均衡的前提下,可以在多数电压范围内降低功率单元的开关频率.在此基础上,通过对零序电压的控制,抑制了共模电压的幅值.仿真结果验证了算法的有效性.     

采用主从型逆变器结构的静态同步补偿器

针对6kV中压电网三相平衡负载的无功功率补偿，结合二极管箝位多电平逆变器和H桥级联多电平逆变器的特点，提出了一种能够直接并入电网的新型主从式逆变器结构：主逆变器采用二极管箝位三电平逆变器，从逆变器采用3个H桥(即全桥)逆变器。主逆变器和H桥逆变器采用级联的形式连接，构成一个五电平的混联逆变器。H桥逆变器负责产生一个方波电压，构成输出正弦电压的基本成分；主逆变器产生输出电压的补偿部分并负责消除低次谐波。最后通过仿真结果证明了所提出的这种主从型逆变器STATCOM结构在消除谐波方面的优越性。     

Multilevel inverter modulation schemes to eliminate common-mode voltages

It is well known that conventional two-level pulsewidth modulated (PWM) inverters generate high-frequency common-mode voltages with high dv/dt. Similarly, commonly used multilevel inverter modulation schemes generate common-mode voltages. Common-mode voltages may cause motor shaft voltages and bearing currents and conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI). Premature motor bearing failures and electronic equipment malfunctions have been reported to be directly related to bearing currents and EMI. In this paper, approaches to eliminating common-mode voltage when using multilevel PWM inverters are presented. It is shown that inverters, which have an odd number of levels, will generate zero common-mode voltage by switching among certain states. Therefore, motor bearing currents will be eliminated and conducted EMI will be reduced. Both sinusoidal PWM and space-vector modulation (SVM) schemes are discussed and detailed comparative simulation results between conventional and novel modulation schemes are provided. The value of the proposed technique is demonstrated experimentally by applying the novel SVM approach to a conventional multilevel inverter.     

Novel multilevel inverter carrier-based PWM method

The advent of the transformerless multilevel inverter topology has brought forth various pulsewidth modulation (PWM) schemes as a means to control the switching of the active devices in each of the multiple voltage levels in the inverter. An analysis of how existing multilevel carrier-based PWM affects switch utilization for the different levels of a diode-clamped inverter is conducted. Two novel carrier-based multilevel PWM schemes are presented which help to optimize or balance the switch utilization in multilevel inverters. A 10 kW prototype six-level diode-clamped inverter has been built and controlled with the novel PWM strategies proposed in this paper to act as a voltage-source inverter for a motor drive     

一种新型的多电平逆变器空间矢量控制方法

基于传统的两电平逆变器空间电压矢量方法,提出了一种新型的多电平逆变器空间电压矢量实现方法,该方法将一相的逆变单元分为基本单元和调制单元两部分,相应地对参考电压也要进行分解处理。在一个脉宽调制(PWM)周期中,只对调制单元进行PWM控制,基本单元输出的电平不变。仿真研究表明该方法输出电压波形总畸变率较小,可用于单元串联多电平逆变器的控制。     

二极管钳位型级联多电平逆变器新型SPWM研究

针对目前级联型多电平逆变器正弦脉冲宽度调制(sinusoidal pulse width modulation,SPWM)数字化实现问题,分析常规载波调制SPWM算法的工作原理,提出了一种基于脉冲编码与轮换的多电平SPWM调制策略。通过对正弦调制波的提取变换,进行单载波"量化"调制,并采用脉冲编码与轮换控制技术,对"量化"后的信号进行脉冲编码和脉冲轮换,均衡各逆变单元的输出电压与输出功率,以及单元内部电容电压。仿真结果表明,与同相层叠载波SPWM调制策略相比,该调制具有更好的控制效果和更小的计算量;另外,控制算法的消耗资源对比分析表明,所提的控制算法较常规的SPWM算法更节省硬件资源。     

二极管钳位型双Buck三电平逆变器输入均压解耦控制

输入电容均压是多电平逆变器的关键问题,多电平调制与输入均压耦合,造成多电平变换器电路结构与控制繁杂、调节速度慢。利用双Buck电路包括2个Buck桥臂、并按电流半周期工作的特点,提出一种二极管钳位双Buck多电平结构,在任一时刻,由其中一个Buck桥臂实现逆变,而另一个Buck桥臂工作于逆向Boost状态,对输入分压电容充电,逆变控制与钳位电压均衡控制可完全解耦。在电平数较多的情形下,该方法有助于减少器件数量,降低系统复杂度,提高可靠性。对三电平情形进行了仿真与实验验证。     

Sinusoidal Pulse-width Modulated Three-phase Multi-level Inverter Topology

Abstract—This article presents a sinusoidal pulse-width modulated three-phase multi-level inverter topology. In this configuration, the basic two-level, three-phase inverter is modified to synthesize higher voltage levels by the insertion of two auxiliary switches per phase leg. The multi-level inverter configuration generates output voltage levels similar to the corresponding well-known conventional diode-clamped flying capacitors and cascaded H-bridge inverters but with fewer power circuit components and more simplicity. For output voltage and frequency variations demanded by such applications as variable-speed drives, active power filters, photovoltaic power conversions, etc., the sinusoidal pulse-width modulation technique is employed in the generation of the gating signals for the proposed three-phase multi-level inverter. A balanced three-phase R-L load is applied at the inverter output terminals, and the inverter performance is compared with that of other sinusoidal pulse-width modulated conventional multi-level inverter configurations. The validity of the proposed multi-level inverter topology and the modulation scheme are verified through simulations and experiments.     

基于SVM的级联型高压变频器共模电压抑制研究

为消除级联型高压变频器输出共模电压,针对其特殊结构,提出左右桥臂组概念,并采用两电平SVM,将两参考矢量的相差调整为2π/3。由于级联型结构每层均能输出3种电平,可挑选共模电压为0的三电平矢量进行调制。该两种SVM通过错时采样技术,平滑应用于级联型高压变频器,并可完全抑制其共模电压。仿真和实验结果都证明了这两种SVM的有效性。     

DC–AC Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Boost Inverter With No Inductors for Electric/Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications

This paper presents a cascaded H-bridge multilevel boost inverter for electric vehicle (EV) and hybrid EV (HEV) applications implemented without the use of inductors. Currently available power inverter systems for HEVs use a dc–dc boost converter to boost the battery voltage for a traditional three-phase inverter. The present HEV traction drive inverters have low power density, are expensive, and have low efficiency because they need a bulky inductor. A cascaded H-bridge multilevel boost inverter design for EV and HEV applications implemented without the use of inductors is proposed in this paper. Traditionally, each H-bridge needs a dc power supply. The proposed design uses a standard three-leg inverter (one leg for each phase) and an H-bridge in series with each inverter leg which uses a capacitor as the dc power source. A fundamental switching scheme is used to do modulation control and to produce a five-level phase voltage. Experiments show that the proposed dc–ac cascaded H-bridge multilevel boost inverter can output a boosted ac voltage without the use of inductors.      

直流电压不等级联型逆变器一维矢量调制研究

H桥级联型多电平逆变器由于具有良好的输出波形得到广泛运用,对直流电压相等的H桥级联型逆变器,当H桥直流电压由于功率元器件差异或运行过程中负载瞬时突变等出现不等或波动时可能引起输出电压、电流波形变化,各H桥输出功率不等,严重时甚至损坏变频器.对于H桥级联型多电平逆变器传统的控制方式都是建立在H桥直流电压相等的前提下,研究了H桥直流电压不等的情况,提出了适合直流电压不等的一维矢量调制技术和直流电压不等时实现H桥等功率输出的一维矢量调制.提出的方法在两单元级联型变频实验装置上进行了验证.     

混合不对称多电平高压变频器输出共模电压及抑制方法

在高压大功率变频器应用中,共模电压问题是必须考虑的因素,它将影响到系统的可靠性运行。多电平变频器输出共模电压的分析与抑制技术,近年来一直是研究的热点,但目前还没有文献对混合不对称多电平变频器的输出共模电压进行分析。因此对采用混合调制策略的混合不对称多电平变频器的输出共模电压进行了研究,分析了高低压单元对共模电压的不同影响。并在此基础上提出了部分共模电压抑制控制策略,可以有效地消除共模电压中的高频低压成份。最后通过仿真和试验验证了这种方法的可行性与正确性。     

A multilevel inverter based on cascade connection of submultilevel units with reduced switch count

In this paper, a multilevel inverter based on cascade connection of new submultilevel inverters is presented. The suggested submultilevel inverter is constructed using series connection of basic switching units. The proposed multilevel inverter uses fewer power switches in comparison with some similar topologies which results in reduction of switch gate drivers and also converter size and cost. The proposed multilevel inverter can be implemented in both symmetric and asymmetric configurations. The multilevel inverter configuration and operation principle are described in detail, and then, design methods of symmetric and asymmetric configurations are given. Determination of the optimal number of basic units and cascaded submultilevel inverters regarding criteria such as number of switches and total blocking voltage (TBV) of switches is studied. Power losses of the proposed multilevel inverter are calculated, and then, its symmetric and asymmetric configurations are compared with each other and also with similar cascaded multilevel inverters in various items. The validity of the suggested cascaded multilevel inverter is verified using both computer simulations and laboratory prototype implementation.     

一种新型自均压二极管钳位级联有源滤波器

提出一种新型二极管钳位级联多电平拓扑,在半桥单元拓扑上增加钳位二极管,为直流电容提供单向钳位通路。在该拓扑中,只需对阀体两端单元的直流电压进行控制就可实现均压控制,且每相阀体只需2个直流电压传感器,结构简单。将拓扑拓展到三相结构,提出了二极管钳位多电平有源滤波器(APF)拓扑及其控制方法。搭建了7电平二极管钳位多电平APF仿真模型和实验样机。实验结果表明,该拓扑自均压控制和谐波补偿效果良好,控制算法简易、可行。     

混合级联型多电平逆变器的研究

提出了一种混合级联型多电平逆变器拓扑结构,给出了逆变器的控制方案。仿真结果表明,逆变器能够以较低的开关频率输出接近于正弦波的电压且只有很低的共模电压。     

级联型多电平逆变器的功率均衡控制策略

该文针对级联型多电平逆变器的几种调制方法，包括阶梯波调制法、特定谐波消除脉宽调制法和载波空间排列SPWM法，提出了一种新的功率均衡控制策略。该策略利用级联型多电平逆变器相电压冗余的特点，通过以1/4输出周期为单位互换各个H桥单元的输出电压波形，实现了各个H桥单元在一个输出周期内的功率均衡。与现有的功率均衡策略相比，新的策略可以在一个输出周期内达到功率均衡，并具有控制简单，H桥单元功率波动小的优点，同时满足对效率和波形的要求。该文以三单元七电平级联型逆变器为例，对上述功率均衡控制策略进行了理论分析和仿真验证。     

45°坐标系下级联逆变器简化空间矢量调制及性能优化研究

研究了H桥级联型逆变器在45°坐标系下简化空间矢量调制,其扇区定位与矢量作用时间计算非常简单,并且易于向每相任意个数H桥级联型逆变器扩展。重点研究了45°坐标系中,通过对简化空间矢量调制方法的改进来实现逆变器输出性能的优化。调制方法的改进具体如下:①为了减少逆变器功率器件的开关损耗,研究了开关频率优化算法,在满足逆变器同样输出要求的同时可以有效减少开关次数;②为了减少逆变器产生的共模电压,研究了抑制零序电压输出的调制算法,其可以有效减少逆变器输出电压中的共模电压,使共模电压在极小的电压范围内波动。最后,仿真与实验结果验证了本文所提方法的正确性。     

阶梯波调制级联逆变器触发角的一种简便算法

级联多电平逆变器除有效降低开关器件电压应力外,它还可以通过波形叠加改善输出波形的质量。阶梯波调制还可以减少开关次数、提高转换效率、降低EMI,是级联逆变器常用的一种工作模式。但目前国内外文献介绍的阶梯波调制的级联逆变器的触发角的计算方法存在计算复杂,而且只适用等电压差的问题,针对这种情况,本文提出了一种不同电压级差的阶梯波调制级联逆变器触发角的计算方法。该方法特别适用于太阳能电池级联逆变器、燃料电池级联逆变器的应用。此方法遵循等面积法原则,通过一定的约束条件,实现在线计算,利于工程实现,最后通过仿真验证了该方法的正确性。     

A Single-phase Hybrid Multi-level Inverter

This article presents a single-phase 17-level hybrid multi-level inverter. The cascaded unit is made up of two five-level inverter configurations: a diode-clamped inverter and an inverter constituted of a main inverting H-bridge leg and level-clamping half-bridge circuit. The asymmetrically cascaded inverters have a separate DC input ratio of 1:3 that affects reduction in the power circuit component count in the single-phase multi-level inverter system. The operational principles, modulation schemes, and switching functions have been analyzed in detail. Fast fourier transform analysis of the output voltage waveform was carried out, and a low total harmonic distortion value of 7.61% was obtained. The validity of the proposed hybrid multi-level inverter is verified through simulation and experimental results.