复合材料叶片废弃物处理方法分析(二)

<正>6废弃物处理分析6.1处理方法选择及相关简述目前复合材料废弃物处理可行方法有7种[10],根据前述暂不考虑掩埋或堆放、重复使用、露天或直接焚烧,则余下机械材料再循环法(物理粉碎法)、材料再循环与能量回收结合法(物理化学法,分热解和化学回收2种)、水泥制造法、焚烧热能法4种可能处理方法。对于叶片、机舱罩、风帽及生产过程等风力发电类玻璃纤维复合材料废弃物,其处理方     

拜耳材料科技利用二氧化碳代替石油生产聚氨酯

<正>拜耳材料科技代表和新闻记者于2015年国际聚氨酯展览会(UTech Europe)上展开了圆桌座谈,解答了有关废旧聚氨酯焚烧的问题。拜耳材料科技聚氨酯部催化剂项目主管Christoph Gurtler称:"焚烧是解决废料、废物最经济的方法,因为与生产新型材料相比,回收利用会产生更大的碳排放量。欧盟REACH法规明令禁止回收聚氨酯所生产的化学品。与简单的焚烧相比,回收利用过程会消耗更多的能源。"他还称化工行业也能利用焚烧     

塑料包装废弃物回收处理及进展

塑料包装废弃物的处理方法基本上可分为填埋、焚烧及回收再生利用。填埋是把垃圾作为废物处理,对垃圾资源的利用率低,不符合国家可持续发展战略。焚烧法可将不能再次利用的混杂塑料在焚烧炉中焚化,由其产生的大量热量可再次充分利用。但焚烧的过程中会产生大量的有害气体,对环境及人体造成危害。回收再生利用包括机械再生利用和化学再生利用。机械再生利用包括直接再生利用及改性再生利用;化学再生利用主要有热分解和化学分解两类。塑料再生利用是国家解决资源短缺的一个重大战略问题,我国废塑料回收利用前景看好。     

废旧塑料回收技术及设备的研究进展

综述了近年废旧塑料的物理和化学回收技术及设备。物理方法包括填埋、焚烧和机械再生法;化学方法包括气化法、增容法、热解法、流化催化裂化法;回收设备有奥地利埃瑞玛再生工程机械设备、reco STAR PET 330、reco STAR165、第二代手工DIY塑料再生设备和热风循环熔融塑料回收造粒机。并对未来废旧塑料回收利用的发展趋势进行了分析和展望,利用废旧塑料制备附加值较高的新产品以及开发高效多功能回收设备将是今后废旧塑料回收的发展方向。     

废旧塑料回收技术及设备的研究进展

综述了近年废旧塑料的物理和化学回收技术及设备。物理方法包括填埋、焚烧和机械再生法;化学方法包括气化法、增容法、热解法、流化催化裂化法;回收设备有奥地利埃瑞玛再生工程机械设备、reco STAR PET 330、reco STAR165、第二代手工DIY塑料再生设备和热风循环熔融塑料回收造粒机。并对未来废旧塑料回收利用的发展趋势进行了分析和展望,利用废旧塑料制备附加值较高的新产品以及开发高效多功能回收设备将是今后废旧塑料回收的发展方向。     

煤焦油加工过程中放散气的综合利用

对煤焦油加工过程中放散气进行回收与利用,主要包括燃烧炉烟气热量的回收和各储槽放散气的焚烧利用。燃烧炉的烟气热量回收主要是通过烟气与燃烧炉燃烧器的强制助燃空气换热,利用空气吸收烟气的温度,进而提高燃烧炉的热效率;各储槽放散气的焚烧利用是通过收集各储槽烟气,后经烟气洗涤两级处理后,未能被吸收的烟气送入各工段管式炉焚烧,以降低对煤气的消耗,实现了二次能源的综合利用和减少了对环境的污染。     

硫回收尾气催化焚烧技术进展

从国内外专利、文献、商品催化剂及专有技术等方面介绍了硫回收尾气催化焚烧技术的研究进展,并比较了催化焚烧与热焚烧的技术经济性.结果说明催化焚烧可大幅度降低硫回收尾气焚烧的能耗,尤其适用于SCOT等深度硫回收工艺尾气的焚烧.     

简讯

简讯废ＰＶＣ焚烧时热与氯的回收德国ＷａｃｋｅｒＣｈｅｍ公司将废ＰＶＣ塑料焚烧时，先用热回收装置使焚烧产生的气体冷却到５００～１０００℃。再喷入盐酸将其冷却到５０～１００Ｃ。在此装置中以产生蒸汽和热水方式回收热量；以产生干氯化氢方式回收氯。据称其氯回收...     

ODS类物质绿色处理工艺研究进展

主要总结了有关ODS（臭氧层破坏物质）无害化处理及资源化转化利用的最近研究结果。迄今,有关ODS、HFCs的处理技术主要包括：1）热焚烧和热裂解;2）等离子体技术;3）气相加氢脱卤;4）催化加氢脱卤;5）催化水解;6）资源化利用。由于此类物质性质稳定,且往往可以作为灭火剂,因此采用热裂解或焚烧处理往往需要极为苛刻的反应条件,处理的成本和设备投资往往较高。等离子体工艺的设备投资和运行成本是一般热焚烧工艺的3-5倍,因此也不是最佳选择。而对于加氢脱卤,由于其有害副产物较多,很难达到处理的目的和要求。资源化转化为高附加值的VDF等产品,并且回收其中的溴元素工艺更具节能减排效益。     

低浓度瓦斯焚烧及热能利用技术研究

通过安全输送与掺混、焚烧和热能利用三个核心单元实现瓦斯焚烧处理及热能回收利用。多级低浓度安全输送保障系统利用湿式放散罐、水封阻火和抑爆装置实现瓦斯的安全输送;具有动态连续混配功能的掺混器实现对焚烧瓦斯浓度的精确调节;多层金属纤维丝结构的燃烧器实现对燃爆极限范围内瓦斯的安全焚烧,分级燃烧功能实现对不同流量的瓦斯高效焚烧处理;低阻力的烟气收集装置实现对焚烧烟气的收集输送,高效率的热能利用装置实现对高温烟气余热的回收利用,最终实现对爆炸极限范围内瓦斯的安全销毁,减少瓦斯排放,同时对燃烧的热能进行回收利用,替代传统燃煤或燃气,减少能源消耗与大气污染,从而实现瓦斯的综合梯级利用。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。