阜新盆地煤层气渗流规律实验

以阜新盆地王营煤矿采集加工的原煤煤样为研究对象,利用3轴渗透仪,对煤样的渗透率和有效应力之间的变化关系以及煤样中甲烷渗流规律进行了实验研究.实验结果表明,煤样渗透率具有应力敏感性,渗透率随有效应力的增加呈非线性递减关系,具有负指数规律,这与前人的研究结果吻合较好;在不同围压、含水率情况下,实验得到的甲烷渗流规律曲线具有明显的非线性特征,真实地反映了实验过程中煤体变形对甲烷渗流的作用.考虑有效应力对煤体变形的影响,建立了描述煤层甲烷非线性渗流特征的运动方程,且所建立的运动方程与实验数据具有很好的吻合性,拟合相关系数高达99.6%以上,说明实验方法和建立的运动方程是合理的.     

低透气性原煤瓦斯渗流各向异性试验研究

为研究低透气性煤层中瓦斯渗流的各向异性,以同一煤岩平行层理方向和垂直层理方向制取煤样,利用自主研制的试验装置进行含瓦斯煤三轴伺服渗流试验.结果发现平行层理煤样的渗透率远大于垂直层理煤样.在峰值破坏前,平行层理煤样随着轴压增加,渗透率在应力屈服点达到最小值,垂直层理煤样在弹性阶段初始时达到最小值;峰值破坏后,两个方向煤样的渗透率均呈非线性增长.      

吸附和长时间荷载作用煤渗透规律试验

以阜新矿业集团恒大煤业有限责任公司阜新组煤样为研究对象,通过自制的多功能三轴渗透仪,进行了原煤在吸附瓦斯过程和长时间三轴加载过程渗透规律的试验研究.试验结果表明:煤吸附瓦斯后渗透率比不吸附瓦斯测得的渗透率要小,降低48.94%～82.18%,煤吸附瓦斯后的瓦斯渗流过程存在滑脱效应;经过78 d总应力为18 MPa的外力对煤样持续加载作用,煤渗透率降低了82.05%～92.65%,煤渗透率可用以时间为变量的负幂指数函数表示;应力荷载释放后二次加载,煤渗透率较卸载前增加,但远低于不考虑长时间荷载作用的渗透率;采用目前实验方法测得的煤岩渗透率要高于原始地层环境下的渗透率.     

本煤层单一顺层瓦斯抽采钻孔的渗流场数值模拟

针对本煤层瓦斯抽采钻孔的合理布置问题,通过建立钻孔抽采瓦斯的渗流场控制方程和煤层变形场控制方程,结合钻孔抽采瓦斯的初始及边界条件,推导出钻孔抽采瓦斯渗流的固气耦合数学模型.以石壕煤矿本煤层单一顺层钻孔瓦斯抽采为工程实例,基于研究区域的煤层瓦斯赋存特征,采用数值模拟计算方法,获得了本煤层单一顺层钻孔周围煤层瓦斯压力、煤层瓦斯渗透率、煤层瓦斯渗流速度和煤层变形的分布规律.确定了本煤层单一顺层钻孔抽采瓦斯的有效影响半径,从而为本煤层单一顺层瓦斯抽采钻孔的优化布置提供了依据.研究结果表明,石壕煤矿本煤层单一顺层钻孔抽采瓦斯的有效半径分别为4 m左右;在延长钻孔抽放时间不到20%的情况下,减少了钻孔工程量50%左右,抽采效果良好.     

低渗透煤层瓦斯损失量测压结果的修正方法

根据煤层瓦斯压力测定原理建立低渗透煤层钻孔中瓦斯的流动模型,结合模型与Klinkenberg效应下低渗透本煤层瓦斯渗流方程,推导出瓦斯损失量的理论计算公式。由以上推论得出瓦斯压力测定结果,得出修正后的瓦斯压力与实测值的相对误差在一个百分点左右,具有较高的实际应用和指导价值。     

高瓦斯矿井开采层瓦斯抽采技术研究

针对不同煤层构造区,分析了煤层物理性质对水力扩孔钻孔和煤矿瓦斯抽放的影响,得出结论:液压钻孔扩孔可以不同程度地提高瓦斯抽采效率;水力钻孔扩孔的水射流压力主要取决于煤的结构,当煤层基本一体化时,喷射压力增大,泄放变得相对容易实现,对瓦斯抽采的阻碍作用减小,扩孔过程后瓦斯抽采明显增加。     

煤与瓦斯突出过程的尖点突变研究

为了分析引起煤与瓦斯突出的因素,建立了煤岩体的能量模型,然后采用尖点突变理论分析构建了煤与瓦斯突出的尖点突变模型;研究了突变控制变量,对煤与瓦斯突出过程进行了阐述.煤的变形潜能、煤体的瓦斯内能、煤的破碎功和被破碎煤的移动功对煤层突出与否起主要作用.如果煤层中有煤的软分层存在,那么煤层的破碎功是较小的,在同等条件下,煤层更容易发生突出.该研究对煤与瓦斯突出灾害预测与防治作参考.      

煤矿乏风瓦斯变压吸附分离特性

以实验室活性炭吸附床为研究对象,建立了多维吸附床内煤矿乏风流动、吸附传质的数学模型.首先对活性炭富集煤矿乏风瓦斯过程进行了模拟,得到了各个循环步骤下床内详细的浓度分布和吸附量分布,模拟结果与实验结果符合较好.进而采用此模型,改变吸附压强、解吸压强和解吸温度等参数,对不同工况下瓦斯分离富集过程进行了对比模拟研究,揭示了煤矿乏风瓦斯变压吸附分离特性.      

煤层深孔聚能爆破动力效应分析与应用

为研究煤层深孔聚能爆破致裂增透机理,构建聚能爆破分析模型,运用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方法探讨聚能爆破时聚能射流的成型机理、爆炸应力波的传播特点、煤体力学特征和裂隙扩展机理.结果表明:聚能槽集聚爆轰能量形成聚能射流并产生聚能效应,聚能效应显著改变了爆炸应力波的传播特性和煤体的力学性质,在聚能方向煤体所受压应力峰值是非聚能方向的1.10~1.29倍,有效地促进了裂隙的扩展;且主聚能方向煤体所受压应力峰值由次聚能方向的0.85倍增大到1.06倍,放缓了煤体所受应力的衰减速度.此外,煤层深孔聚能爆破工程应用实验表明,聚能爆破后抽采孔平均瓦斯含量是聚能爆破前的1.58倍,有效地提高了煤层透气性和瓦斯抽采率.      

保护层开采工作面瓦斯综合治理技术研究

针对矿井回采煤层瓦斯含量高、压力大等问题,提出先回采下覆厚度较薄、瓦斯治理难度相对较低的6号煤层。将6号煤层作为保护层开采,从而消除下覆9号煤层、上覆2号及5号煤层的突出危险性。针对6号煤层10601工作面回采期间上邻近层、下邻近层以及采空区瓦斯涌出量大等问题,提出综合采用高位钻孔、高抽巷、采空区埋管、强化本煤层抽采等方式进行治理。现场应用后,10601工作面回采期间回风隅角、回风流瓦斯浓度分别控制在0.43%、0.32%以内,采面瓦斯涌出量大问题得以较好解决。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.