分散剂对水焦浆性质的影响

为提高水焦浆(PCWS)的稳定性,分析了不同分散剂对石油焦成浆性及制备的水焦浆的流变性和稳定性的影响。结果表明,石油焦的成浆性较好,定黏浓度较高,其中KY33分散剂的分散降黏效果最好,定黏质量分数为69%左右,用量仅为07%;随着分散剂用量的增加,水焦浆的表观黏度先增大后减小,流动特性指数n值则先减小后增大,最佳药剂量对应的浆体黏度最小,胀塑性最强。分散剂的种类对于水焦浆的流变性和稳定性的影响不同。采用KY33和腐植酸系分散剂时,稳定性均较差;采用木质素系分散剂制备的水焦浆屈服应力最大,K值和胀塑性居中,析水率低,沉降区的焦粉颗粒聚结程度低,底部产生硬沉淀时间晚,稳定性相对较好。     

一种评价水泥浆沉降稳定性的新方法——微压力波动测试水泥浆滤失—沉降耦合作用

目前的水泥浆沉降稳定性测试方法缺乏对沉降过程的描述。为了提高水泥浆沉降稳定性测试的准确性与科学性,设计了一种微压力波动测试仪,对滤失—沉降耦合作用的水泥浆柱分段压力波动进行测试,据此评价浆体的上、下密度差,并对不同黏度、温度、降失水剂、固相颗粒和触变性的水泥浆稳定性进行了分析。研究结果表明:①水泥浆沉降过程可分为高速期、低速期、稳定期和失重期,高速期滤失可减小浆体的上、下密度差;②滤失量越大、黏度越低、同类材料水固比越大,密度差越大、沉降稳定性越差;③温度对沉降稳定性的影响因降失水剂的协同作用而呈现出无规律性,高分子聚合物类降失水剂效果强于成膜类;④提高水泥浆触变性可改善浆体的沉降分层现象,胶凝强度的形成时间越短,效果越好。结论认为,较之于常规方法,该评价水泥浆沉降稳定性的新方法,可以对沉降全过程进行描述,并考虑了滤失对沉降的影响,更加贴合于井下的实际情况。     

处理剂对抗高温高密度油基钻井液沉降稳定性的影响

为了解决抗高温高密度油基钻井液存在的静态沉降稳定性与动态沉降稳定性难以控制的技术难题,采用改进的VST 沉降测试法对抗高温高密度油基钻井液的动态沉降稳定性进行了测量,分析了有机土、提切剂、润湿剂以及提切剂与有机土配比对钻井液沉降稳定性及流变性的影响。结果表明,有机土加量越大,钻井液静态与动态沉降稳定性越好,密度差越小,但钻井液黏度越高; 提切剂与有机土达到合理配比时,可以提高钻井液沉降稳定性; 抗 200 ℃、密度为 2.0 g/cm3全油基钻井液优化配方为 :有机土加量为 3.5%～4.5%,提切剂加量为 0.25%～0.3%,提切剂与有机土加量最佳配比为1∶ （17～18）,润湿剂加量为 2.5%。      

污泥与石油焦的共成浆性

采用萘系阴离子表面活性剂作为分散剂,分别考察了剩余污泥和脱水污泥改性前后与石油焦的成浆性。结果表明,加入剩余污泥和脱水污泥可降低水焦浆的成浆质量分数;相同成浆质量分数时,剩余污泥制的污泥焦浆比脱水污泥制的污泥焦浆的表观黏度低;经强碱改性后,两种污泥与石油焦的成浆质量分数均有提高,脱水污泥的成浆质量分数提高更为明显。随着剪切速率的增大,两种污泥焦浆的表观黏度降低,属于假塑性流体。污泥的加入提高了水焦浆的稳定性,起到了稳定剂的作用。     

分散剂对沥青质稳定性与稠油稳定性的改善效果*

为了更加客观、准确地评价分散剂对稠油稳定性的改善效果,研究了5种分散剂对孤岛稠油和馆陶稠油沥青质和稠油稳定性的改善效果,包括含磺酸基的阴离子型分散剂AA、斯盘系列分散剂NA1、油酸、月桂酸、棕榈酸。结果表明,分散剂对沥青质和稠油的稳定性均具有一定的改善效果,其中AA和NA1可明显降低沥青质的聚集程度,对沥青质的稳定分散作用最强;分散剂对沥青质稳定性的改善效果普遍优于对稠油整体稳定性的改善效果。分散剂对沥青质稳定性的改善效果随分散剂浓度增大而增大,沥青质完全裸露在体系中易与分散剂作用;分散剂对稠油整体稳定性的改善效果随分散剂加量增大先增大后降低,分散剂对稠油稳定性改善用量存在最佳值。沥青质稳定性的提高对于稠油整体稳定性的提高具有重要影响,但稠油稳定性的改善还受到胶质、芳香分和饱和分等的影响。图12表3参20     

不同级配活化铁矿粉对高密度水基钻井液黏度效应的影响

通过在钻井液中加入密度为4．85g／cm^3的不同粒径的活化铁矿粉至密度为1.83g/cm^3，测定它们在150℃老化16h后的性能，研究了不同级配活化铁矿粉对高密度水基钻井液粘度效应的影响。得出，活化铁矿粉粒度级配越粗或越细以及级配范围越窄，对钻井液的黏度效应越大。沉降稳定性越差；当粒度级配合理并处于合适范围时，如用粒径为0.050-0.061mm的活化铁矿粉加重时钻井液的黏度效应达到最低，沉降稳定性最好。     

复杂土壤条件下海底管道侧向稳定性计算

基于渤海海域环境条件和常用管道规格,采用AGA软件分析黏土剪切强度S_u和砂土相对密度D_r对海底管道侧向稳定性的影响,对比增加壁厚与增加配重层的工程投资,并计算不同规格海管在满足稳定性时的最小壁厚。结果表明:黏土对于稳定性的影响不规律,但在其剪切强度较小时,S_u越大,稳定性越差;砂土相对密度D_r越大,稳定性越差;在黏土条件下管径越大,满足稳定性所需的最小壁厚越大;D_r对最小壁厚的影响比S_u大。     

超高密度钻井液分散剂的合成及性能评价

采用天然材料与乙烯基单体进行接枝共聚,合成了超高密度钻井液用分散剂JZ-1.通过红外光谱对分散剂进行表征,采用热分析法对分散剂进行热稳定性评价.结果表明,分散剂分散作用强,在密度2.8 g/cm3钻井液中加入JZ-1,可使该体系的漏斗黏度由282 s降低至130 s,并且具有较好的抑制性和抗盐、抗钙性能,可显著提高钻井液的流变性和沉降稳定性.     

污泥与石油焦共成浆性的研究

 采用萘系阴离子表面活性剂作为分散剂，分别考察了剩余污泥和脱水污泥改性前后与石油焦的成浆性。结果表明，加入剩余污泥和脱水污泥可降低水焦浆的成浆质量分数；相同成浆质量分数时，剩余污泥制的污泥焦浆比脱水污泥制的污泥焦浆表观黏度低；经强碱改性后，两种污泥与石油焦的成浆成浆质量分数均有提高，脱水污泥的成浆质量分数提高更为明显。随着剪切速率的增大，两种污泥焦浆的表观黏度降低，属于假塑性流体。污泥的加入提高了水焦浆的稳定性，起到了稳定剂的作用。     

国内简讯

<正> 新型高效水煤浆分散剂问世一种以造纸废液为主要原料而制备出的木质素磺酸钠再配以聚氧乙烯醚类表面活性剂而复合成的水煤浆分散剂,现已由锦化公司研究所研捌成功。采用该种分散剂的水煤浆具有煤水长时间不分层,粘度明显降低等     

Effects of the physical and chemical properties of petroleum coke on its slurryability

In this study,the effects of particle size distribution (PSD),chemical composition and pore structure of petroleum coke on the slurryability of petroleum coke water slurry (PCWS) were investigated.Four...     

Effects of pH on rheological characteristics and stability of petroleum coke water slurry

In this study, the effects of pH on slurrying properties of petroleum coke water slurry(PCWS) were investigated. The slurrying concentration, rheological characteristics and stability of PCWS were studied with four different types of additives at pH varying from 5 to 11.The results showed that the slurrying concentration, rheological characteristics and stability of PCWS all increased at first and then decreased with increasing pH from 5 to 11,and a pH of around 9 was found to be the most favorable acid–alkali environment to all these three slurrying properties. It was also indicated that only in a moderate alkaline environment can the additives be active enough to react with particle surfaces sufficiently to obtain good slurrying concentration and form a stable three-dimensional network structure, which can support strong pseudoplastic characteristics and good stability. An acid environment was a very unfavorable factor to the slurrying properties of PCWS.     

Inherent relations between yield stress and stability of bubble petroleum coke water slurry

The stability of petroleum coke water slurry(PCWS) is currently a hot topic. The inherent relationship between yield stress and stability of bubble-PCWS was studied through orthogonal experiments and range analysis in this work. The results showed that the stability of bubble-PCWS was positively related to the yield stress and that the yield stress could be greatly impacted by the operation conditions during preparation of bubble-PCWS. The main factors affecting the yield stress of bubble-PCWS were solid concentration, aeration time and dosage of frother. However, the effects of aperture size of air distribution plates and type of frother on the yield stress were slight within the experimental range. The optimal conditions for the greatest yield stress were as follows: aeration time of 30 min, solid concentration of 65 wt%, frother dosage of0.030 wt% of the air-dried pulverized petroleum coke, aperture size of air distribution plate of 2–5 lm and AOS frother.The yield stress and the pour rate of bubble-PCWS under this optimum operation condition could reach maxima of more than 0.4 Pa and 96%, respectively.     

Preparation and properties of oil-substituted fuel based on petroleum coke with biomass fermentation

To improve the stability of petroleum coke water slurry (PCWS), bubble-PCWS based on biomass fermentation was researched in this paper. The results showed that the stability of bubble-PCWS improved as biomass dosage increased. The bubble-PCWS with yeast could reach a high solid concentration of 65?wt% and a perfect stability with water segregation rate being 0?wt% and pour out rate being more than 90?wt%, when the straw dosage was 3?wt%. The bubble-PCWS with activated sludge possessed good recoverability, but the solid concentration and the pour out rate obviously decreased as the sludge increased.     

Effects of five ashes on the stability of petroleum coke water slurry

The effects of five main ingredients (i.e. SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, CaO and MgO) of coal ash on the stability of petroleum coke water slurry (PCWS) were investigated in this paper. The results showed that the stability of PCWS could be improved tremendously by the appearance of a small quantity of CaO in the PCWS, while the other 4 ashes had little impact. When the apparent viscosity was 1000 mPa·s, the PCWS with CaO dosage of 0.3 wt% would possess the solid concentration of 68.0%, the flow characteristic exponent of 0.78, and the water separation rate of 3.4%.     

高硫石油焦的碱催化煅烧脱硫实验研究

采用在H2气氛下Na2CO3碱催化煅烧方法，研究了煅烧温度、反应时间、Na2CO3添加比例和石油焦颗粒粒度对高硫石油焦脱硫效果的影响，利用傅里叶红外光谱(FT IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、热重分析(TG)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等表征手段，对石油焦脱硫前后的化学结构、表面微观形貌、热稳定性、微晶结构进行比较分析。结果表明，在煅烧温度为700℃、Na2CO3添加量（质量分数）为25%、反应时间为120 min、石油焦原料粒度为80 μm的条件下，石油焦的脱硫率达到最大值 (893%)；经在H2气氛下Na2CO3碱催化煅烧处理后,石油焦中的黄铁矿类无机硫以及硫醇类和大部分噻吩类有机硫得到有效脱除，剩余的噻吩硫可能变为更稳定的形式存在，在H2气氛下Na2CO3碱催化煅烧处理后石油焦的理化性能得到一定程度的提高。     

合成氨气化用水煤焦浆的制备

以高硫烟煤和高硫石油焦为原料,可制备应用于气流床气化的水煤焦浆新型燃料.实验研究了固体颗粒尺寸级配、复配比例、化学添加剂用量等因素对水煤焦浆性能的影响,并从固体颗粒的表面性质出发,讨论了这种新型燃料的优越性.     

石油焦水蒸气气化反应的实验研究

在固定床气化反应器中,考察了石油焦粒径、水蒸气流量、温度、压力和氧气量对石油焦水蒸气气化反应的影响。结果表明,当石油焦粒径小于380 μm、水蒸气流量高于0.85 g/min时,基本消除了内外扩散对石油焦水蒸气气化反应的影响;在消除内外扩散影响的前提下,随着反应温度和压力的升高,石油焦气化反应速率呈现增加的趋势,其中温度对石油焦气化反应速率的影响更大,气化产物中H2含量逐渐降低,CO含量逐渐增加。反应系统中氧气的加入,不仅与石油焦发生燃烧反应放出热量,还与生成的H2和CO发生反应。因此,必须合理优化反应条件和开发配套反应设备,以保证气化反应快速高效地进行。     

Effect of dispersants on the kinetics of asphaltene settling using turbidity measurement method

Organic deposition especially asphaltenes in reservoirs, wells, and equipment has a detrimental effect on petroleum economy. Generally, for chemically control of asphaltene precipitation using dispersants and inhibitors of precipitation or solvents of asphaltene is very common. Although asphaltene in crude oil is stable under specific conditions, but there is no assurance that the system will be stable and asphaltenes could be remaining in suspension state. In this study, the kinetic effects of three dispersants on stabilization of asphaltene aggregates were investigated by turbidity measurement method. Turbidity measurement showed as the dispersant strength rises, the turbidity of unstable sample containing dispersant less declines versus time. In order to carry out further studies on dispersants, the effect of dispersant on asphaltene particle size distribution was investigated. The results of asphaltene particle size distribution measurements showed that adding dispersant cause to decrease the volume percent of particles with medium diameter.