内河航道中船行波在岸坡爬高的数值模拟

该文基于RANS方程、RNG k-ε湍流模型建立数值波浪水池,用VOF法追踪自由面的位置,并模拟了内河航道中船行波的生成、传播、爬高和岸壁反射过程,且与典型断面航道中船行波在岸坡最大爬高和回落的现场测量值进行了比较,验证了数值模型的有效性。通过对航道中船行波进行数值模拟,获得了船行波的波形及其在岸坡上爬高与回落的最大值。分析了船舶吃水、航速和航道岸坡倾角对特征波高以及最大爬高与回落的影响。最后建立了计算船行波特征波高、爬高和回落的经验公式。     

An experimental study of impact loading on deck of shore-connecting jetties exposed to oblique waves and current

The impact pressure from waves is an important issue to be considered in the design of coastal structures. In this paper, the waves acting on the deck of a shore-connecting jetty on a slope exposed to oblique waves and in the presence of current are examined based on laboratory experiments. The impact pressures are measured on a 1：50 scale model of a jetty head with down-standing beams and berthing members. The relations of the impact pressure with the incident wave angle and the current velocity are examined. It is shown that the impact pressure is sensitive to the wave angle and the current velocity. A computational model for the impact load on the deck of shore-connecting jetties exposed to oblique waves and current is developed.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF SQUARE-STERN SHIP WAVE IN SHALLOW WATER

This paper employed shallow water equations with moving pressure to calculate water waves generated by a square-stern ship in shallow water. The moving ship is considered as moving pressure on free surface. The finite element method with moving grids is used to solve the shallow water equations based on wave equation model [3]. A non-reflection boundary condition [5]is imposed on open boundaries surrounding the ship. 3-D surface elevations, depth-averaged horizontal velocities are presented. The numerical solutions are physically reasonable. It is found that wave resistance coefficients, draftchange and pitch angle vary rapidly in neighborhood of critical flow (Fh=u/ gh= 0. 9 -1. 1). The numerical results also indicate that the wave resistance coefficients, draft change and pitch angle of square-stern ship are larger than those of sharp-stern ship with the same hull structure at the same speed.     

AN ASYMPTOTIC SOLUTION OF VELOCITY FIELD IN SHIP WAVES

1. INTRODUCTION It is well known that behind the ships, V-shaped steady-state ship waves are created while ships move on the water. The classical Kelvin ship wave pattern, which is obtained when a ship is taken as a point impulse moving at a constant velo…     

大藤峡水利枢纽船闸中间渠道非恒定流三维数值模拟研究

采用两相流模型,辅以RNGk-ε湍流模型来模拟双级船闸中间渠道的水力特性,对于自由水面的模拟采用了VOF法.通过对中间渠道中非恒定流的三维数值模拟,主要针对波速、振荡波高、局部水面比降、渠道流速等水力要素进行分析,给出了上、下级船闸不同运转方式下的水力特性,为工程设计提供依据,且可为今后类似工程提供参考和借鉴.     

SHIP‐LOCK–INDUCED SURGES IN AN IMPOUNDED RIVER AND THEIR IMPACT ON SUBDAILY FLOW VELOCITY VARIATION

The majority of large rivers are fragmented by dams, and navigation is often supported by the installation of ship locks. Despite their ubiquitous existence, the effect of ship locks on river basin hydrodynamics is rarely considered in an environmental context. Ship‐lock operation induces single‐wave crests or troughs called surges, which propagate along the basin and are subject to reflection at the up‐ and downstream impoundments. We used pressure sensors and acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements to investigate the effects of up‐ and downstream ship locking on the water level and the current velocity dynamics in a 12.9‐km‐long basin of the impounded river Saar (Germany). Ship lifting at the lower dam and the associated water export from the basin results in a negative surge propagating upstream, whereas a descending ship‐lock operation at the upper dam of the basin creates a positive surge propagating downstream. Both types of waves are subject to positive reflection at the opposing dams. Frequent lock operations lead to a complex pattern of multiple superimposing surges. The resulting water level fluctuations are comparable in magnitude with those associated with discharge variations due to hydropower peaking but occur at much shorter timescales. Associated with the water surface displacement during wave passage is a corresponding increase or decrease of the longitudinal current velocity. The magnitude of wave‐induced velocity fluctuations can exceed mean flow velocities by a factor of three and, depending on wave type and direction, can result in a reversal of the main flow direction of the river. Because of their longevity of several hours and superposition effects, ship‐lock–induced surges govern 66.3% and 45.4% of the subdaily variations in flow velocity and water level, respectively. This article concludes with a discussion of the potential effects of lock‐induced flow dynamics in impoundments on oxygen dynamics and methane ebullition. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

THE WAVE-MAKING CHARACTERISTICS OF A MOVING BODY IN A TWO-LAYER FLUID

The Wave-making characteristics of a moving body in a two-layer fluid with free surface is investigated numerically and experimentally. The numerical analysis is based on the modified layered boundary integral equation system. The wave characteristics on the free surface and interface generated by a moving sphere and an ellipsoid is numerically simulated in both finite depth and infinite depth of lower layer model. The numerical results of the sphere are compared with the analytical results for a dipole with the same velocity in a two-layer fluid of finite depth. The dependence of the wave systems and structures on the characteristic quantities is discussed. Three kinds of measurement techniques are used in model experiments on the internal waves generated by a sphere advancing in a two-layer fluid. The effects of the varying velocity and stratification on the wavelength, wave amplitudes and the maximum half angles of internal waves are analyzed qualitatively.     

滑坡涌浪影响下船舶航行限制范围试验研究

三峡库区滑坡时有发生,滑坡产生的涌浪对航道中的船舶航行安全构成巨大威胁。以万州沱口码头河段为原型,设计岩体滑坡涌浪物理模型试验。试验中测得不同工况下首浪高度和沿程涌浪高度,运用回归分析方法得到首浪高度和沿程涌浪衰减的经验计算式,并由此推算得出船舶航行限制范围的计算式。运用船舶模型试验的方法对船舶航行限制范围计算式进行了验证,同时对波流场中如何计算进行说明。船舶航行限制范围的确定可为船舶避险措施研究提供重要依据,对减少滑坡涌浪对船舶损坏及人员伤亡具有重要的现实意义。     

波浪群性作用下系泊船运动响应和统计特征值分析

码头前系泊船的运动响应与缆绳张力对于码头的运营安全至关重要。波群对系泊浮体波浪载荷特性不同于普通的随机波浪,具有一定的特殊性。该文对两种模拟波群方法进行了讨论,分析了两种模拟波群方法的特点以及群性与波浪统计特征值之间的关系。在此基础上开展了群性波浪作用下系泊船的运动响应研究,得出了谱峰因子?、群高参数GFH和群长参数GLF与波浪特征波高的变化规律。     

无反射造波数值波浪水槽

本文应用ＶＯＦ方法建立了二维数值波浪水槽模型。基于线性造波机理论在水槽左端设置了可吸收式造波机数值边界条件。即造波板的运动除了产生行进波外，同时还产生一个抵消反射波的局部波动。水槽右端除了通常的可滑移与无滑移直墙边界条件外，依据线性辐射条件建立了开边界条件。通过水槽右端为直墙时的全反射情形，比较了可吸收造波机与普通造波机的速度变化与波面变化。文中在Ｈ０／ｄ＝０．１￣０．３，ｄ／Ｌ＝０．１２４￣０．     

BOTTOM SHEAR STRESS UNDER WAVE-CURRENT INTERACTION

The present work adopts the COHERENS-SWAN model developed by the first author through coupling three-dimensional hydrodynamic model （COHERENS） and third-generation wave model （SWAN）. Inside the COHERENS-SWAN, the SWAN is regarded as a subroutine and the time- and space-varying current velocity and surface elevation are obtained from the COHERENS. Wave-enhanced bottom shear stress, wave induced surface mixing length and wave dependent surface drag coefficient have been introduced into the COHERENS. Secondly, as wave-enhanced bottom shear stress （＂bottom shear stress＂ described as BSS sometimes in this article） is concerned, a modified bottom shear stress Grant and Madsen model which introduces random wave field is given and introduced to COHERENS-SWAN. COHERENS-SWAN is also adopted to simulate three-dimensional flow in the Yellow River Delta with wave-current co-existing. Four numerical experiments were given to study the effects of wave-current interaction on enhancing bottom shear stress. The simulated current velocities, wave height and wave period match well with field measurement data. The simulated significant wave height and wave period for the case with considering the effects of current can give better agreement with measurement data than the case without involving the effects of current. The introduction of random wave generates lower the bottom shear stress than the case without introducing it. There are obvious differences between bottom shear stress of two way interaction and one way interaction. Velocity field obtained by the COHERENS-SWAN is reasonable according to previous studies and measurements.     

Transient flexural- and capillary-gravity waves due to disturbances in two-layer density-stratified fluid

Generation of the transient flexural- and capillary-gravity waves by impulsive disturbances in a two-layer fluid is investigated analytically. The upper fluid is covered by a thin elastic plate or by an inertial surface with the capillary effect. The density of each of the two immiscible layers is constant. The fluids are assumed to be inviscid and incompressible and the motion be irrotational. A point force on the surface and simple mass sources in the upper and lower fluid layers are considered. A linear system is established within the framework of potential theory. The integral solutions for the surface and interfacial waves are obtained by means of the Laplace-Fourier transform. A new representation for the dispersion relation of flexural- and capillary-gravity waves in a two-layer fluid is derived. The asymptotic representations of the wave motions are derived for large time with a fixed distance-to-time ratio with the Stokes and Scorer methods of stationary phase. It is shown that there are two different modes, namely the surface and interfacial wave modes. The wave systems observed depend on the relation between the observer's moving speed and the intrinsic minimal and maximal group velocities.     

A TIME-DOMAIN METHOD TO PREDICT SHIP MOTIONS IN OBLIQUE SEAS AT FORWARD SPEEDS

Time-domain analysis is used to predict wave loading and motion responses for a ship travelling at a constant speed in regular oblique waves.The combined diffraction and radiation perturbations,caused by the steady forward speed of the ship and her motions,are considered as a distribution of normal velocities on the wetted hull surface.The ship-hull boundary condition is exactly fulfilled by expressing the fluid normal velocities as a finite series in terms of the body geometry and the incident wave potential.As far as the authors are aware,no similar work is published todate. The new theory is applied to predict forces and motions at forward speed for a Wigley ship-hull in head waves and a catamaran-ferry in oblique waves.Predictions are compared with published theoretical and experimental results for the Wigley ship-hull,and the comparison is good.For the catamaran,a self-propelled model is built and tested in the large towing tank and seakeeping basin of the China Ship Scientific Research Centre,Wuxi     

WAVE EQUATION MODEL FOR SHIP WAVES IN BOUNDED SHALLOW WATER

1.　 INTRODUCTIONIn the recentyears,waves in coastal shallow water,generated by marine traffic and in-tensified by port expansion,interaction with structures and reflection of land boundaries,has become a crucial factor affecting waterenvironmentsand engineering operation.In com-parison with the wind waves and ocean swells,waves inside harbor exhibitanomalous waveheight in certain areas.The dominantship waves are hardly dissipated in the harbor due tothe interaction with shorelines,and may…     

AN INTEGRAL EQUATION DESCRIBING RIDING WAVES IN SHALLOW WATER OF FINITE DEPTH

1 .　INTRODUCTIONSmall scalewavessuperposedonlarge scalewavesarecalled“ridingwaves” .Small scalewavesonoceansurfacehasaroused greatinterestwiththegreatimprovementofprecisionofmeasuringinstrumentsusedinthefieldofremotesensing .Thisstudyaimsatunderstandingthemotionofthelarge scalewavesandtheenergyexchangebetweenairandseathroughsomeinformationofsmall scalewaves .Henyeyetal .[2 ] derivedthemotione quationtothefirstorderofridingwavesbyusingacanonicalHamiltonianformulationandassumingsmallwave…     

Case study on wave-current interaction and its effects on ship navigation

The East China Sea, where both the strong Kuroshio Current and powerful low pressures exist, is an inevitable ocean area for various ships sailing between Japan and other Asian and European countries. The safety and economics of such shipping behaviors are often affected by the strong dynamics of the environmental matrix. The wave conditions are usually significant under high ocean winds, leading to interaction between waves and currents. In this study, the third generation wave model SWAN are used to study the wave propagation and wave-current interaction, following by its effects on the ship navigation discussed. Significant interaction between the strong Kuroshio Current and high ocean waves as well as its effects on ship safety have been found by calculations of certain wave parameters, such as significant wave height(SWH), average wave period(AWP), mean wave direction(MWD), wave length(WLEN), frequency and directional spreading.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SOLITARY WAVE RUN-UP AND OVER-TOPPING USING BOUSSINESQ-TYPE MODEL

In this article,the use of a high-order Boussinesq-type model and sets of laboratory experiments in a large scale flume of breaking solitary waves climbing up slopes with two inclinations are presented to study the shoreline behavior of breaking and non-breaking solitary waves on plane slopes.The scale effect on run-up height is briefly discussed.The model simulation capability is well validated against the available laboratory data and present experiments.Then,serial numerical tests are conducted to study the shoreline motion correlated with the effects of beach slope and wave nonlinearity for breaking and non-breaking waves.The empirical formula proposed by Hsiao et al.for predicting the maximum run-up height of a breaking solitary wave on plane slopes with a wide range of slope inclinations is confirmed to be cautious.Furthermore,solitary waves impacting and overtopping an impermeable sloping seawall at various water depths are investigated.Laboratory data of run-up height,shoreline motion,free surface elevation and overtopping discharge are presented.Comparisons of run-up,run-down,shoreline trajectory and wave overtopping discharge are made.A fairly good agreement is seen between numerical results and experimental data.It elucidates that the present depth-integrated model can be used as an efficient tool for predicting a wide spectrum of coastal problems.     

“奋威”轮沉船海域水动力条件数学模型研究

通过建立波浪潮流数学模型,对"奋威"轮沉船坐浅期间海域水动力条件进行模拟计算。结果表明:(1)沉船仅对局部海域的流态有影响,总体影响不大,沉船附近涨落急时流速为1 m/s左右;(2)沉船坐浅期间,沉船附近最大波高可以达到2.63 m左右,大风情况下的巨浪可能对沉船的稳定性造成影响。模拟结果为沉船沉降计算提供水动力条件。     

REFLECTION OF OBLIQUE INCIDENT WAVES BY PERFORATED CAISSONS WITH TRAVERSE WALL

The interaction of oblique incident waves with infinite number of perforated caissons is investigated. The fluid domain is divided into infinite sub-domains by the caissons, and eigen-function expansion is applied to expand velocity potentials in each domain. A phase relation is introduced for wave oscillation in each caisson, and the structure geometry is considered in constructing the models of reflection waves. The reflected waves with the present analysis include all of the waves traveling in different directions when incident wave period is short. Numerical examinations show that velocities at the inner and outer sides of the front walls of caissons are close to each other, and reflection coefficients satisfy the energy conservation relation very well when porous effect parameter is infinite. Numerical results show that the reflection coefficients of oblique incident waves are smaller for shorter caissons at low frequency, and decrease with the increase of wave incident angle.     

波流联合作用下的物体上的波浪绕射力

本文研究了在波流联合作用下的任意三维物体的波浪绕射问题,建立了求解物体上的波浪绕射力的时域解理论模型。本文证明了对于任意三维物体,如果在自由面条件简化时,假设定常兴波势为有限量阶,则在波浪绕射力公式中,不存在含有绕射势的水线积分项。从数学上证明了水线积分项反映了自由面条件中定常兴波势和不定常势之间的耦合效应。在此基础上,本文提出了在波流联合作用情况下,作用在物体上的绕射力与辅助辐射势之间的关系式,从而不须求解绕射势便可得到绕射力。