转炉钢渣制备陶瓷材料的烧结机理

为了研究转炉钢渣制备建筑陶瓷的烧结机理及动力学,以不同粒径转炉渣为主要原料,加入改善坯料烧结及制备性能的添加剂,成功地制备了高性能的陶瓷墙地砖。根据样品烧结前后变形及烧结密度的变化,初步探讨了转炉钢渣质墙地砖的烧结机理,并且计算了烧结激活能。利用差热分析和高倍电镜对样品进行了分析,研究了转炉钢渣质墙地砖结晶过程中的动力学。结果发现,原料粉末粒径越小,样品越易烧结,相应的烧结温度也越低。样品差热分析中的尖峰和宽峰分别代表了表面结晶和内部体结晶。研究表明,本工作为转炉铬渣无害化处理及大规模资源化综合利用奠定了基础。     

用不同粒度颗粒与添加造孔剂制备钢渣多孔陶瓷吸声材料

以转炉钢渣为主要原料,掺加黏土、叶腊石、长石等陶瓷原料,采用颗粒堆积与添加造孔剂烧结制备钢渣基陶瓷多孔吸声材料,考察了造粒粒径、成型压力、烧结温度和烧结时间等对钢渣陶瓷多孔吸声材料性能的影响。结果表明,造粒粒径、成型压力和烧结温度对材料性能影响显著,多孔吸声材料的孔隙率在60.0%以上,抗压性能为7.0~10.0 MPa,平均吸声系数(NRC)在0.42以上。综合考虑多孔材料性能、能源消耗等因素,较优的制备条件为EPS添加量为25.0%(体积分数)、颗粒粒径为1.00~1.45 mm、成型压力为6.0~7.0 MPa、烧结温度为1 150~1 165℃和烧结时间为3 h。     

颗粒稳定泡沫法制备钢渣泡沫陶瓷

以钢渣为原料,没食子酸正丙酯(PG)为表面活性剂,采用颗粒稳定泡沫法制备钢渣泡沫陶瓷.研究了钢渣含量、表面活性剂的添加量和烧结温度对泡沫陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的影响.结果 表明,采用颗粒稳定泡沫法能够制备出稳定的钢渣陶瓷泡沫,其稳定性与pH值和PG浓度有关.通过调整钢渣含量和烧结温度,可以很好地控制泡沫陶瓷的气孔率和耐压强度.钢渣含量为40％(质量分数),烧结温度为1 200℃时,得到的钢渣泡沫陶瓷气孔率为70.03％,耐压强度为3.08 MPa.     

金矿尾砂代替长石用于陶瓷墙地砖的研究

主要研究金尾矿中影响金矿尾砂代替长石作陶瓷墙地砖原料的主要因素－－Ｆｅ质。Ｃｌ对陶瓷墙地砖生产工艺及产品质量的影响;分析了产生影响的机理,讨论金矿尾矿砂除铁脱Ｃｌ的方法及工艺;确定了金尾矿代替长石作陶瓷墙地砖原料的加工工艺及有前的性能要求。     

硅粉粒径对反应烧结多孔氮化硅陶瓷介电性能的影响

以硅粉为原料,添加质量分数为30%的成孔剂(苯甲酸)球形颗粒,反应烧结制备了气孔率为55%,具有球形宏观孔的低密度多孔氮化硅陶瓷.研究了硅粉粒径对反应烧结多孔氮化硅陶瓷介电性能的影响.结果表明:烧结后样品的介电常数ε'和介电损耗tanδ随着初始硅粉粒径的减小都有明显的降低.平均颗粒尺寸为7μm的硅粉制备的样品的ε'嘬小,约为2.5.原料硅粉的粒径变化将影响反应烧结的反应速率,从而影响反应烧结后样品的生成相和微观结构.随着平均颗粒尺寸的减小,反应烧结后Si3N4相含量增加,Si2ON2相和游离硅含量减少,气孔变小.     

堇青石原料粒径对堇青石陶瓷烧结性能的影响

为了研究堇青石粉体原料粒径对制备堇青石陶瓷性能的影响,以平均粒径分别为10、23、37、58和99μm的5种堇青石粉料为原料,平均粒径为15μm的土豆淀粉为造孔剂,分别制备了堇青石致密陶瓷和多孔陶瓷,并对比研究了粉体粒径对两种陶瓷烧结性能的影响。结果表明:在相同的烧成制度下,堇青石粉体的平均粒径越大,纯堇青石陶瓷的显气孔率和线收缩率越大,体积密度越小;添加淀粉后,陶瓷材料的显气孔率明显提高,体积密度降低,且因原料粒径不同,增加和降低的幅度不同;但淀粉加入后,多孔陶瓷材料的性能随原料粒径的增大无明显变化。     

碳酸盐共沉淀法制备掺镱钇铝石榴石透明陶瓷的工艺

以质量分数为99．999％的Yb2O3,Y2O3和Al2O3为原料,碳酸氢铵作为共沉淀剂,采用碳酸盐共沉淀法在1200℃制备出掺镱钇铝石榴石(Yb：YAG)陶瓷超细粉体。1700℃真空烧结后得到透光度良好的Yb：YAG多晶陶瓷。对Yb：YAG粉体样品进行X射线衍射分析、热重-差热分析和扫描电镜分析。结果表明：所合成的YAG超细粉仍为立方晶系晶体结构,晶格常数为a=12．01A。Yb：YAG粉体样品颗粒度小、粒径均匀、流动性好,粒径在100～150nm之间。对烧结后的Yb：YAG陶瓷样品进行的形貌和红外光谱分析表明：陶瓷断面气孔率低,多晶晶粒尺寸在1～2μm之间。     

用锰方硼石尾矿低温烧结制备微晶玻璃

以蓟县锰方硼石重选尾矿为主要原料,采用低温烧结制备以单斜辉石为主晶相的微晶玻璃,探讨焙烧制度以及粉体粒径对微晶玻璃性能的影响。采用差热分析、X射线衍射分析和扫描电子显微镜观测等测试手段,对不同条件下制备的微晶玻璃样品性能、晶体结构和显微形貌变化进行了研究,分析了影响样品性能的主要因素以及尾矿中残余锰方硼石促进低温烧结微晶玻璃的机理。结果表明:当烧结温度为890℃时,形成直径约0.1~0.5μm、长度1~2μm,表面较平整的四方柱状结构的单斜辉石晶体。该微晶玻璃样品的抗折强度随着粉体粒径的减小而提高,当粉体的粒径d90达到5.71μm时,样品的抗折强度达128 MPa。尾矿中剩余的锰方硼石矿物是大幅度降低微晶玻璃烧结温度的关键成分。     

煤矸石中杂质含量对堇青石多孔陶瓷烧结与性能的影响

通过不同酸浸处理时间控制煤矸石原料中的杂质含量,研究煤矸石原料中杂质含量对有机海绵浸渍法制备的多孔堇青石陶瓷烧结过程和性能的影响.通过X射线衍射分析和扫描电镜研究了烧结过程中的物相结构的演变及微观结构变化等特性.并考察了酸浸处理时间和烧结温度对多孔陶瓷样品的显气孔率和抗压强度影响.结果表明,使用酸浸处理后的煤矸石为原料制备的多孔堇青石陶瓷气孔率和抗压强度均显著增加,1200℃下,使用未经酸浸的煤矸石制备的多孔堇青石陶瓷,气孔率为73.69％,抗压强度为2.23 MPa;而酸浸处理8h后,陶瓷样品的气孔率保持在78.78％,抗压强度提高至3.33 MPa.讨论了酸浸处理对煤矸石原料中起烧结助剂作用的杂质含量的调控以及杂质含量对物相形成和陶瓷性能的影响规律.煤矸石原料中这些杂质的存在也降低了堇青石陶瓷的烧结温度.     

常压烧结制备AlN-W复合微波衰减材料及其性能研究

以氮化铝、钨为原料,在氮气气氛下,采用无压烧结方式制备了AlN-W复合微波衰减材料.采用扫描电子显微镜、矢量网络分析仪及激光导热仪对样品的微观结构、介电性能及热导率进行测试分析.结果表明:随着烧结温度的增加,AlN-W复合陶瓷的介电常数逐渐增大,介电损耗变化不大.随着烧结助剂添加量的增加,AlN-W复合陶瓷的介电常数和介电损耗相应增大.随着W含量的增加,AlN-W陶瓷的介电常数呈增加的趋势,介电损耗逐渐降低,当W添加量为60％时损耗几乎为零.随着W颗粒粒径的增加,AlN-W复合陶瓷的介电常数变化不大,介电损耗逐渐降低.由此可通过调节烧结温度、衰减剂含量、衰减剂粒径及烧结助剂的添加量,来制备符合实际需要的复合微波衰减材料.1750℃下制备的A1 N-40％W复合陶瓷热导率为91 W/m·K.初步分析了AlN-W复合陶瓷的微波衰减机理.     

Valorization of Al slag in the production of green ceramic tiles: Effect of experimental conditions on microstructure and crystalline phase composition

This work reports the results of an investigation aimed at the development of sintered glass-ceramic tiles by the sinter-crystallization of mixtures composed of aluminum slag and reclaimed packaging glass. The thermal behaviors of mixtures incorporating 50 and 60 wt% Al slag were established by differential thermal analysis (DTA). Green compacts were sintered in a temperature range of 800°C-1050°C and then soaked for 10-60 minutes. The mineralogical characterizations of the sintered materials were obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The achieved results indicated that the sintering of aluminum slag and packaging glass reclaimed led to a glass-ceramic material composed mainly of needle-like crystals of wollastonite (CaSiO₃). The bloating of samples during firing was evaluated according to a Cougny predictive diagram. After initial observations and according to bending strength characterizations, sintered tiles prepared from aluminum slag and glassy sand are appropriate for floor pavement and wall covering.     

电解锰渣－废玻璃低温烧结制备陶瓷砖的研究

以电解锰渣和废玻璃为主要原料,采用低温烧结法制备陶瓷砖,探讨了烧结温度、电解锰渣及废玻璃的含量对陶瓷砖基本性能的影响。结果表明,随着烧结温度的升高,陶瓷砖吸水率先减小后增大,体积密度先增大后减小;随着锰渣含量的增加,陶瓷砖的吸水率逐渐增大,体积密度逐渐减小;随着玻璃含量的增加,陶瓷砖的吸水率逐渐减小,体积密度逐渐增大。40 g陶 瓷原料,当锰渣的添加量为32%（质量分数）、玻璃的添加量为10 g、烧结温度为900 ℃时,得到的陶瓷砖的吸水率最低、体积密度最大。     

高铝粉煤灰提铝硅钙渣制备硅灰石微晶玻璃研究

以高铝粉煤灰提铝硅钙尾渣为主要原料,采用烧结法制备了硅灰石微晶玻璃。利用DTA、XRD和SEM分析方法研究了热处理制度、硅钙渣用量对微晶玻璃的晶化过程、显微结构及物化性能的影响。结果表明：核化时间与晶化时间的延长有助于硅灰石晶体的定向生长与紧密排列,对微晶玻璃的力学性能影响显著,而晶化温度与核化温度的影响则相对较小;随着硅钙渣的用量增加,微晶玻璃中硅灰石的析出能力增强,当其用量为70．98％,在800℃下核化热处理90 min,920℃晶化处理90 min时,可制备出单一晶相的硅灰石微晶玻璃。     

利用垃圾焚烧飞灰电弧炉熔渣制备微晶玻璃

垃圾焚烧飞灰电弧炉熔渣经核化、晶化两步处理制备微晶玻璃,采用差热分析法研究了基础玻璃的晶化行为,考察了晶化时间对微晶玻璃微观结构及理化特性的影响。结果表明:基础玻璃的晶化指数为1.48,以表面析晶为主,其最佳热处理制度为:核化温度679℃、核化时间1.5h、晶化温度985℃、晶化时间1.5h。微晶玻璃的主晶相为透辉石Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)_2O_6和少量普通辉石Ca(Mg,Fe,Al)-(Si,Al)_2O_6,在最佳热处理条件下制得的微晶玻璃具有较高的抗弯强度、硬度、韧性及耐酸碱性等性能,有替代天然建材的潜力。     

Zircon-free frits suitable for single fast-firing opaque wall tile glazes and their industrial productions

Wall tile glazes with a smooth surface texture, high glossiness, and whiteness are usually based on zirconium containing frits. However, these frits are quite expensive and therefore, there have recently been certain attempts to lower the production cost such as taking suitable glass–ceramic glaze systems into an account. With the present work, the frit-based glaze compositions belonging to the K₂O–MgO–CaO–ZnO–Al₂O₃–B₂O₃–SiO₂ glass–ceramic system were studied to prepare newly synthesized wall tile glazes for industrial single fast-firing. The design of a glass–ceramic glaze for this type of tiles should ensure that the selected frit precursor is technically and commercially compatible with the manufacturing conditions generally used in the production of glazed ceramic wall tiles. The aim of the study is to develop zircon-free, frit-based, glossy opaque glass–ceramic glazes for wall tiles by optimizing the CaO/MgO and adjusting the Al₂O₃/alkali ratios in the starting frit compositions. Frit production, glaze preparation, application, and single fast-firing of wall tiles were, first of all, conducted under laboratory working conditions and then, successful recipes were adapted to the relevant industry. The frit crystallization capability and crystallization temperature range were determined by differential thermal analysis (DTA). Thermal expansion coefficient values of glazes were determined by a dilatometer. Characterization of single fast-fired glass–ceramic glazes was made by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques. Colour and gloss analyses of the final glazes were measured with a spectrophotometer and a gloss meter, respectively.     

聚四氟乙烯/聚苯酯复合材料非等温结晶动力学研究

通过冷压烧结的方法制备了聚四氟乙烯/聚苯酯（PTFE/POB）复合材料。采用差示扫描量热法（DSC）研究了PTFE/POB复合材料的非等温结晶行为,并利用Jeziorny法对所得DSC数据进行分析。结果表明,随着冷却速率的增加,结晶峰向低温方向移动,结晶温度范围增大,结晶度下降;Jeziorny方程能够较好地描述PTFE/POB复合材料的非等温结晶动力学;POB有异相成核作用,改善了PTFE的结晶性能,提高了PTFE的结晶速率。     

Ceramic Tiles Made of Granular Technogenic Raw Materials

Sintering and properties of granular compositions containing quartz-feldspar sand (ore processing waste) are studied. Low-melting binders having mineralogical compatibility with the sand grains, reaction activity toward their surface, and a favorable phase composition (regarding sintering and ceramic properties) are developed. The effect of the mixture composition, binder content, grain composition of the sand, and firing temperature on the sintering of mixtures intended for production of tiles for various purposes is established. The tiles thus obtained successfully imitate the surface of granite-like natural stones.     

微晶玻璃釉的研究

用不同组成的微晶玻璃水淬料,施于陶瓷坯上经核化、晶化,同时完成烧成,而获得微晶玻璃釉层.其工艺制度可以结合DTA分析,通过实验来确定.微晶玻璃釉要和坯料相匹配:釉和坯的膨胀系数相近,微晶玻璃的晶化温度和坯的烧成温度要相一致.     

烧结法制备微晶玻璃过程中晶化和致密化两种典型的关系

以钢渣和粉煤灰为主要原料,采用烧结工艺,制得以透辉石为主晶相的微晶玻璃;通过热分析、X射线衍射、收缩率、扫描电镜等分析方法,阐述了烧结过程中晶化和致密化的关系;详细说明了由于在微晶玻璃热处理过程中二者发生的先后顺序不同,而使微晶玻璃结构和性质不同。     

Sintering kinetics and properties of NiFe2O4-based ceramics inert anodes doped with TiN nanoparticles

Sintering kinetics of NiFe₂O₄-based ceramics inert anodes for aluminum electrolysis doped 7 wt% TiN nanoparticles were conducted to investigate densification and grain growth behaviors. The linear shrinkage increased gradually with the increasing sintering temperature between 1000 and 1450°C, whereas the linear shrinkage rate exhibited a broad peak. The maximum linear shrinkage rate was obtained at 1189.4°C, and the highest densification rate was achieved at the relative density of 75.20%. Based on the pressureless sintering kinetics window, the sintering process was divided into the initial stage, the intermediate stage, and the final stage. The grain growth exponent reduced with increased sintering temperature, whereas the grain growth activation energy decreased by increasing sintering temperature and shortening dwelling time. The grain growth was mainly controlled by atomic diffusion. NiFe₂O₄-based ceramics possessed high-temperature semiconductor essential characteristics. The electrical conductivity of NiFe₂O₄-based ceramics first increased and then decreased with increasing sintering temperature, reached their maximum value (960°C) of 33.45 S/cm under 1300°C, mainly attributed to the relatively dense and uniform microstructure. The thermal shock resistance of NiFe₂O₄-based ceramic was improved by a stronger grain boundary bonding strength and lower coefficient of linear thermal expansion.