一种含磷阻燃剂的制备与表征

以邻苯基苯酚和三氯化磷通过傅-克反应、水解反应,合成9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷酰杂菲(DOPO),用衣康酸(ITA)与DOPO加成反应制备阻燃单体9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷酰杂菲-丁二酸(DDP)。通过红外光谱、核磁共振及质谱对合成产物进行了结构表征。并进行了中试生产,产品质量指标与实验室合成产物一致,表明配比和工艺路线完全可行。     

涤纶磷系共聚阻燃剂及阻燃聚酯制备方法

描述了膦菲共聚阻燃剂的特性。介绍了由 H CA( 9,10 -二氢 -9-氧 -10 -氧杂膦菲 )、衣康酸、乙二醇反应制备新型磷化合物磷系共聚阻燃剂 ,以及用该阻燃剂制备阻燃聚酯的方法。所制备的阻燃聚酯具有优异的阻燃性能 ,极限氧指数 30～ 32。     

10-(异丙基-2-醇)-9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦杂菲-10-氧化物的合成

以9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)和丙酮为原料,合成10-(异丙基-2-醇)-9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦杂菲-10-氧化物。考察了原料摩尔比、反应温度和反应时间对产物收率的影响。结果表明,较优工艺条件为:n(丙酮)∶n(DOPO)=12∶1,反应温度为50℃,反应时间为30 min时,DOPO的转化率为99%,目标产物收率为90%。     

反应型DOPO基阻燃剂在环氧树脂中的应用

综述了近年来在反应型DOPO基(9,10-二氢-9-氧-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物)阻燃剂中引入羟基、羧基、氨基等基团以及与氰酸酯加成得到具有阻燃性的环氧树脂固化剂以及在DOPO衍生物中引入环氧基,制备本质阻燃环氧树脂的研究进展。     

10-（异丙基．2-醇）-9，10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦杂菲-10-氧化物的合成

以9,10-二氢-9．氧杂-10-膦杂菲-10-氧化物（DOPO）和丙酮为原料,合成10-（异丙基-2-醇）-9,10-二氢．9-氧杂．10．膦杂菲．10-氧化物。考察了原料摩尔比、反应温度和反应时间对产物收率的影响。结果表明,较优工艺条件为：n（丙酮）：n（DOPO）=12：1,反应温度为50℃,反应时间为30min时,DOPO的转化率为99％,目标产物收率为90％。     

DH-DOPO阻燃剂的合成及对醇酸树脂的阻燃研究

以9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)、多聚甲醛和二乙醇胺合成了反应型阻燃剂9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-[N,N-二(羟乙基)氨甲基]-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DH-DOPO),采用红外光谱仪和核磁共振波谱仪对其结构进行了表征,热重分析表明其失重1%的热解温度高达220℃。将DH-DOPO作为反应型阻燃剂制备了阻燃醇酸树脂,锥形量热仪测试结果表明,DH-DOPO提高了醇酸树脂的阻燃性能,并且随磷含量增加,点燃时间(TTI)和残炭率(CR)不断增加,热释放速率峰值(PHRR)和总热释放(THR)不断下降。     

DOPO-QO的制备及其反应条件的优化

本文利用10-(2,5-二羟基苯基)-9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)和2,3-二甲氧基-5-甲基-1,4-苯醌(辅酶QO)反应制备DOPO-QO,并对其进行了红外光谱表征,优化了反应的最佳反应条件。     

DOPO阻燃环氧树脂研究进展

综述了近年来用于阻燃环氧树脂的9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)的协效阻燃体系、阻燃机理及反应活性方面的研究进展,并对今后DOPO阻燃领域的研究方向作出了展望。     

含磷二酚的合成与表征

以三种醌类化合物为原料,分别与9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)反应制备含磷二酚。通过对产物的核磁谱和红外谱图,分析了反应机理,并对产物结构进行了确认,考查了反应溶剂、时间、温度等工艺条件对产率的影响。     

DOPO基反应型阻燃剂的合成与应用研究进展

按酚类、丙烯酸酯类、胺类、苄醇类、脂肪醇类、环氧化合物类、酐和酸类等，对9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物（DOPO）基反应型阻燃剂的合成与应用研究进行了综述。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。