基于模糊聚类技术的肌电信号完全分解算法

肌电(EMG)信号分解是EMG信号产生的逆过程。通过EMG分解获取完整的运动单元(MU)的波形和发放信息,需完成复杂的叠加波形分解过程。首先,基于小波滤波和小波阈值估计技术去除EMG信号中的噪声;接着,利用幅度-斜率双阈值法检测出MUAP波形;然后,采用分类功能强的模糊K均值聚类技术对波形进行聚类,再利用最近邻法将未分配波形分类;最后,采用基于伪相关相似性度量的剥落法,进行叠加电位波形分解,实现肌电信号的完全分解,获取完整的MUAP波形和发放模式。利用对来自正常人的真实EMG信号和模拟EMG信号进行实验,系统平均正确率可达87%以上。     

自适应小波尺度谱阈值在膈肌信号降噪的应用

膈肌肌电信号是人体微弱的生物电信号,此信号常受到心电信号的严重干扰。为了提高阈值在膈肌肌电信号降噪的准确度,提出了一种小波尺度谱阈值自适应的降噪算法。该算法先对膈肌肌电信号进行小波变换,再把小波系数转化为小波尺度谱,然后确定心电干扰位置,并且根据心电邻域小波能量自动调整阈值从而去除心电干扰。通过对膈肌肌电信号进行实验分析,并且与小波阈值方法进行对比,结果表明该方法降低了心电干扰并且保留了膈肌肌电信号的特征。     

基于小波阈值的sEMG信号消噪方法研究

在表面肌电（sEMG）信号采集过程中,不可避免的会出现噪声,特别是人体运动时,肌肉动态收缩,采集的结果含噪就会更多。针对含噪情况,提出基于小波阈值的sEMG信号消噪方法。通过选择肌电信号的采集位置,在采用高精度的肌电采集系统的基础上,采集正常行走过程中胫骨前肌的sEMG信号,利用matlab小波工具箱,用dbN小波函数进行分解后,用detcoef函数提取不同尺度的细节系数,将与噪声相关的细节系数进行强制阈值消噪,对信号相关的细节系数用minimaxi阈值规则进行软阈值消噪,并与分层阚值得到的降噪信号进行比较,分层阈值得到的降噪信号过于光滑,降噪后的信号能量保留成份仅为46．48％,失去了原信号本身的一些信息。而采用软闯值消噪,不仅较好的去除了噪声,而且与原信号保持了很好的相似性,能量保留成份达到86．38％,说明比分层阈值具有更好的消噪效果。     

基于平稳小波变换的膈肌肌电信号降噪

为了去除膈肌肌电中的心电干扰,提出了一种基于平稳小波变换的“逆向”硬阈值的降噪方法。首先,对临床的膈肌肌电信号进行平稳小波变换,根据小波系数检测QRS并且确定心电干扰范围;其次,逐层估计心电周期范围的小波系数均方差,并且通过均方差计算各个心电干扰的阈值;最后,对各层心电干扰范围小波系数进行“逆向”硬阈值处理,并进行小波逆变换得到降噪后的信号。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地去除膈肌肌电信号中的心电干扰,并且能够较好的保留膈肌肌电信号的信号特征。     

平稳小波变换在膈肌肌电降噪中的应用

为了去除膈肌肌电中的心电干扰,提出了一种基于平稳小波变换的“逆向”硬阈值的降噪方法.首先,对临床的膈肌肌电信号进行平稳小波变换,根据小波系数检测QRS并确定心电干扰范围;其次,逐层估计心电周期范围的小波系数均方差,并且通过均方差计算各个心电干扰的阈值;最后,对各层心电干扰范围小波系数进行“逆向”硬阈值处理,并进行小波逆变换得到降噪后的信号.实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地去除膈肌肌电信号中的心电干扰,并且能够较好地保留膈肌肌电信号的信号特征.     

基于小波变换的肌电信号识别方法研究

针对肌电信号的非平稳特性,采用小波变换方法对表面肌电信号进行分析,提取小波系数最大值构造特征矢量输入神经网络分类器进行模式识别,经过训练能够成功地从掌长肌和肱桡肌采集的两道表面肌电信号中识别展拳、握拳、前臂内旋、前臂外旋四种运动模式。实验表明,基于小波变换的神经网络分类方法所需的数据短、运算快,对于肌电假肢的控制具有良好的应用前景。     

应用小波变换和ICA方法的肌电信号分解

基于单通道、短时真实肌电（EMG）记录和模拟EMG信号，提出一种改进的肌电信号分解方法。首先应用小波滤波、硬阈值估计等方法去除背景噪声和白噪声，并将独立成分分析（ICA）方法和小波滤波方法相结合去除工频干扰信号，然后再进行幅度滤波，从而提高了系统的速度和强健性。在运动单元动作电位（MUAP）聚类以及从原始信号中去除已识别的MUAP波形等方面也进行了改进。与已有的EMG分解方法相比，本文方法更快速、稳定。     

基于小波理论的sEMG的处理方法

文章选取时域分析法对表面肌电信号的提取其特征值,意在于能够得到能较好地表征肌电信号的特征向量,使得之后的分类器能够有效地对表面肌电信号进行分类识别。在对信号进行识别分类识别时,所设计的小波神经网络可以将各动作信号特征值转化为线性组合,简化动作的分类识别过程。     

基于磁场刺激的肌电信号模式识别的研究

对于人体表面肌电（SEMG）信号提出一种新的研究方法，即在磁场刺激下，采用小波变换的方法，对从掌长肌、肱桡肌、尺侧腕屈肌和肱二头肌上采集的4路表面肌电信号进行分析，并提取其6级小波分解系数绝对值累加和的平均值作为信号的特征．构建特征矢量．输入神经网络分类器进行模式识别，经过训练能够成功地识别出握举、展拳、腕内旋、腕外旋、屈腕、伸腕、前臂内旋、前臂外旋8种运动模式．实验结果表明，该方法识别率高，所需数据量少．运算速度快，实时性好，为肌电等生物电信号的研究提供了一种新方法．     

经验模态分解方法的小波消失现象

在分析经验模态分解（EMD）算法的基础上，通过提取叠加在正弦信号中的瞬态微小波形成分发现EMD分析方法的小波消失现象。以正弦信号中的微小信号的提取为分析对象，根据EMD算法的特点，推出正弦信号中的微小波形提取时的小波消失条件。通过改变微小波形的时间中心相对于正弦信号的位置提取正弦信号中叠加的微小波形，验证了小波消失条件的正确性。EMD分解方法的小波消失现象的分析丰富了EMD分解方法的适用性研究。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。