基于极大熵的知识迁移模糊聚类算法

针对传统的聚类算法在样本数据量不足或样本受到污染情况下的聚类性能下降问题,在经典的极大熵聚类算法（MEKTFCA）的基础上,提出了一种新的融合历史聚类中心点和历史隶属度这两种知识的基于极大熵的知识迁移模糊聚类算法。该算法通过学习由源域总结出来的有益历史聚类中心和历史隶属度知识来指导数据量不足或受污染的目标域数据的聚类任务,从而提高了聚类性能。通过一组模拟数据集和两组真实数据集构造的迁移场景上的实验,证明了该算法的有效性。     

一种快速的广义噪声聚类算法

为解决广义噪声聚类（GNC）算法非常依赖参数和在运行GNC算法前必须运行FCM算法以便计算参数的缺点,在GNC的目标函数和可能聚类算法（PCA）基础上,提出一种快速的广义噪声聚类（FGNC）算法。FGNC算法通过一种非参数化方法计算GNC目标函数中的参数,因而FGNC算法不依赖参数并且聚类速度快于GNC算法。对人工含噪声数据集和两个实际数据集进行仿真实验,实验结果表明FGNC算法能很好地处理含噪声数据,具有聚类中心更接近真实聚类中心,聚类准确性高,聚类时间少的优良性能。     

一种基于网格的引力聚类算法

将万有引力和牛顿第二运动定律的思想引入到聚类分析中,提出了一种基于网格的引力聚类算法GCABG.该算法可以自动决定目标数据集中的簇的个数,并且能发现任意形状的簇且可以过滤"噪声"数据.实验结果表明GCABG可以产生高质量的聚类结果.     

一种基于启发式的分层聚类

由于在某一次合并后不能改变对象所属类,致使分层聚类算法聚类质量差。为了提高聚类质量,提出一种新的分层聚类机制——基于启发式的分层聚类。与现有的分层聚类不同,基于启发式的分层聚类首先利用现有分层聚类算法构建初始聚类树,然后通过一定的策略改变当前聚类树以使得某个目标函数最小。借鉴计算分子生物学中的最小进化原理,将目标函数定义为聚类树的树长。最后,通过实验验证了新算法能有效地提高现有分层聚类算法。     

基于改进的启发式蚁群算法的聚类问题的研究

蚁群算法是优化领域中新出现的一种仿生进化算法,广泛应用于求解复杂组合优化问题,并已在通信网络、机器人等许多应用领域得以具体应用。聚类问题作为一种无监督的学习,能根据数据间的相似程度自动地进行分类。基于蚁群算法的聚类算法已经在当前的数据挖掘研究中得到应用。文中针对早期蚁群聚类算法的缺点,提出一种改进的启发式蚁群聚类算法(IHAC),将蚁群在多维空间中移动的启发式知识存储在称之为"记忆银行"的设备当中,来指导蚁群后边的移动行为,降低蚁群移动的随意性,避免产生未分配的数据对象。并用一些数据做了一些实验,结果证明改进的蚁群聚类算法在误分类错误率和运行时间上优于早期的蚁群聚类算法。     

面向态势感知的自组织迭代目标聚类算法研究

目标聚类是态势感知需要实现的重要功能之一,文章针对态势感知中目标的分布规律及运动特点,探讨了模式识别中常用聚类算法的优缺点。考虑到传统聚类算法需要用户事先输入先验知识,且无法较好地处理非球状簇分布的目标群,文章提出了一种基于自组织迭代的目标聚类改进算法,该算法避免了对先验知识的依赖和对目标分布的要求。通过仿真实验分析,验证了该算法的有效性和工程实用性,为态势感知目标聚类问题提供了一样新的思路。     

基于空间邻近的点目标聚类方法

空间聚类是空间数据挖掘和知识发现领域的主要研究方向之一,但点目标空间分布密度的不均匀、分布形状的多样化,以及"多桥"链接问题的存在,使得基于距离和密度的聚类算法不能高效且有效地识别聚集性高的点目标。提出了基于空间邻近的点目标聚类方法,通过Voronoi建模识别点目标间的空间邻近关系,并以Voronoi势力范围来定义相似度准则,最终构建树结构以实现点目标的聚集模式识别。实验将所提算法与K-means、具有噪声的基于密度的聚类(DBSCAN)算法进行比较分析,结果表明算法能够发现密度不均且任意形状分布的点目标集群,同时准确划分"桥"链接的簇,适用于空间点目标异质分布下的聚集模式识别。     

基于增量式蚁群聚类的用户访问模式挖掘

提出一种新的用户访问模式增量式聚类算法：首先引入一种新的用户兴趣表示方法构造用户访问特征对象,再基于蚁群聚类的基本思想,利用人工蚂蚁依相邻区域对象相似性拾起或放下对象实现聚类;然后使用一种类解体机制,随着用户兴趣度的变化而形成新的类别,从而实现增量式聚类更新发现用户新的访问兴趣。实验结果表明,该方法能动态有效地实现增量式聚类。     

基于成对约束的半监督凝聚层次聚类算法

半监督聚类就是利用样本的监督信息来帮助提升无监督学习的性能。在半监督聚类中,成对约束(must-link约束和cannot-link约束)作为样本的先验知识被广泛地使用。凝聚层次聚类(AHC)也叫合成聚类,是层次聚类法的一种。提出了一种基于成对约束的半监督凝聚层次聚类算法(PS-AHC),该算法利用成对约束来改变聚类簇之间的距离,使聚类簇之间的距离更真实。在UCI数据集上的实验表明,PS-AHC能有效地提高聚类的准确率,是一种有前景的半监督聚类算法。     

一种基于遗传算法的分裂式层次化聚类算法

针对聚类中自适应确定聚类个数、目标函数灵活定义及优化的近似计算等问题,综合了分裂式层次化聚类算法能根据相似度阈值自适应地确定聚类个数的特点及二进制遗传聚类算法具有较强的搜索近似最优解能力及目标函数定义灵活的特点,提出了一种基于遗传算法的分裂式层次化聚类方法。实验结果表明,该算法具有较好的聚类性能。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。