偏转挡板燃烧器射流偏转特性的可视化实验研究

分析了四角切圆燃烧锅炉变工况运行时炉内实际切圆大小的变化规律及其对燃烧的影响,在偏转挡板燃烧实验台上采用流场可视化方法研究了不同风速条件下挡板安装位置、挡板长度及偏转角度对燃烧器出口射流偏转角度的影响,为调整燃烧切圆的偏转挡板燃烧器的设计与改造提供了依据。     

一次风微偏转燃烧方式异常工况调整

文中介绍一次风微量反偏转燃烧方式异常工况下的燃烧调整，讨论四角切圆燃烧在采用反切射流时炉内旋转气流的特性。     

负荷变化对900 MW超临界锅炉炉内燃烧影响的数值模拟

利用Fluent软件对1台900 MW四角切圆燃烧锅炉在不同负荷下炉内燃烧过程进行了数值模拟,分析了负荷变化对炉内流动和传热的影响规律.结果表明:在高负荷工况下运行时,炉内燃烧充分且稳定,但是炉内火焰更容易冲刷水冷壁,可能发生局部结渣现象;在低负荷工况下运行时,炉内火焰充满度较差,切圆燃烧的稳定性显著下降,炉膛水冷壁灰污表面温度也相应降低,水冷壁表面结渣的倾向弱化,沿高度方向水冷壁吸热不均匀性增大.由于该锅炉的低NOx燃烧器采用了分离燃尽风,使得高温区扩展,火焰中心高度比采用有关标准推荐的方法计算所得结果高4~5 m.     

四角切圆锅炉无烟煤和劣质烟煤分层燃烧炉内空气动力场试验研究

介绍在四角切圆锅炉上采取两种不同结构参数的燃烧器对其原燃烧器系统进行改造，实现下两层半燃烧器燃烧无烟煤和上两层半燃烧器燃烧劣质烟煤分层燃烧运行方式，以及改造后的冷态调试和炉内空气动力场试验研究结果。     

角置切圆燃烧炉膛内燃烧器射流的偏转

本文首先介绍了在切圆燃烧炉膛内燃烧器射流偏离方面的研究成果和提出的问题。然后根据对炉内流动工况的观测,提出了切圆燃烧炉膛内燃烧器射流的运动在本质上是属于横向气流射流的运动。根据这个流动模型推导出了射流在接触炉墙之前的运动方程,指出了影响燃烧器射流偏离的主要因素,并进行了试验验证。     

不同燃烧器摆角下墙式切圆锅炉炉内数值模拟

本文研究在不同工况下某660MW墙式切圆煤粉锅炉的炉内燃烧特性。使用ICEM CFD建立模型,通过Fluent14.0用数值模拟的方法研究不同燃烧器摆动下的燃烧特性和流动特性。动力学参数经过试验确定,并且通过现有工况验证,以此来得到炉内的研究结果:速度场、烟气温度等。本文对墙式切圆煤粉炉燃烧器的优化改造起到了一定的指导作用。     

切向燃烧炉内实际切圆直径的回归分析

给出了切向燃烧锅炉炉内实际切圆直径的数学关联式,并用其对山东省内部分运行锅炉的实际切圆进行了预测,计算结果和实测数据的对比表明,该关联式能较为准确地预测炉内实际切圆的大小。     

角置射流偏转的分析模型及应用

通过对角置切向燃烧炉膛中燃烧器射流微元体的受力分析,推导出燃烧器射流微元体运动的动量方程,从而建立了射流偏转的理论分析。此外,还分析研究了直流燃烧器喷口宽度,假想切圆直径,射流速度,炉内气流的旋转直径,间隙率,炉膛切角等因素对燃烧器射流偏转的影响规律。     

600MW锅炉偏转二次风系统降低NOx排放的试验研究

某600MW机组四角切圆燃烧锅炉,采用顶部燃尽风并配合使用偏转二次风系统,炉膛下部二次风大角度正切,上部二次风和OFA风反切肖旋,在炉膛截面水平方向和炉膛高度方向形成分级燃烧.实际运行结果表明,该燃烧器布置方式能抑制炉内结渣,减轻炉膛出口旋转残余并能降低NOx排放量.通过对该600MW机组锅炉进行多工况试验,摸索该炉的NOx排放特性,并在试验中采用燃烧调整方法降低NOx排放,获得了良好的效果,将锅炉的氮氧化物排放水平降低到国家标准限定值以下,为采用偏转二次风系统的大型电站锅炉降低NOx排放提供参考.     

600 MW偏转二次风系统锅炉炉内结渣特性的数值模拟

偏转二次风系统已广泛应用于大型四角切圆燃烧锅炉，用以报制炉内结渣，防止水冷壁高温腐蚀等。为降低炉膛出口扭转残余，通常采和下部二次风大角度正切、上部二次风和OFA风反切的布置方式。本文对某台采用偏转二次风系统的600MW燃煤四角切圆燃烧锅炉的炉内结渣过程进行模拟，对炉内气固相流动、温度场、气固相燃烧、固相向水冷的输运过程和灰粒在水冷壁上的附生长过程进行了数值模拟，结果表明，偏转二次风系统具有较强的防结渣性能，这一点也被锅炉的实际运行所证实。     

低热值煤层气燃烧器的数值模拟

对一种低热值煤层气燃烧器进行了全尺寸的三维燃烧数值模拟研究,预测了燃烧器出口的流场、温度和组分分布情况,并考察了不同热负荷和不同喷口形式对燃烧器性能的影响。结果表明该燃烧器具有较宽的负荷调节能力,渐缩喷口燃烧器燃烧温度最高且射流刚性好,50%~100%热负荷内渐扩喷口燃烧器燃烧性能最佳,25%热负荷下渐缩喷口燃烧器燃烧性能最佳。模拟结果对该燃烧器的进一步优化设计有一定的指导意义。     

燃气燃烧器燃烧特性的数值模拟

运用Fluent软件对40 t/h锅炉用燃气燃烧器进行三维数值模拟,研究进风量对燃烧器性能及污染物NOx排放特性的影响。结果表明:合适的进风量是保证燃烧器稳定燃烧的重要条件,也是减少NOx排放的关键因素。数值模拟的计算结果为燃烧器优化设计、改造提供了参考依据。     

预混燃烧数值模拟与结构改进

对煤气-空气预混燃烧进行了数值模拟,通过模拟研究了燃烧器的结构对煤气-空气预混效果的影响,优化了燃烧器的结构,使煤气-空气预混效果达到最佳。模拟结果与实际燃烧过程情况相符。     

Mechanism analysis on the pulverized coal combustion flame stability and NOx emission in a swirl burner with deep air staging

Low NOx burner and air staged combustion are widely applied to control NOx emission in coal-fired power plants. The gas-solid two-phase flow, pulverized coal combustion and NOx emission characteristics of a single low NOx swirl burner in an existing coal-fired boiler was numerically simulated to analyze the mechanisms of flame stability and in-flame NOx reduction. And the detailed NOx formation and reduction model under fuel rich conditions was employed to optimize NOx emissions for the low NOx burner with air staged combustion of different burner stoichiometric ratios. The results show that the specially-designed swirl burner structures including the pulverized coal concentrator, flame stabilizing ring and baffle plate create an ignition region of high gas temperature, proper oxygen concentration and high pulverized coal concentration near the annular recirculation zone at the burner outlet for flame stability. At the same time, the annular recirculation zone is generated between the primary and secondary air jets to promote the rapid ignition and combustion of pulverized coal particles to consume oxygen, and then a reducing region is formed as fuel-rich environment to contribute to in-flame NO_X reduction. Moreover, the NOx concentration at the outlet of the combustion chamber is greatly reduced when the deep air staged combustion with the burner stoichiometric ratio of 0.75 is adopted, and the CO concentration at the outlet of the combustion chamber can be maintained simultaneously at a low level through the over-fired air injection of high velocity to enhance the mixing of the fresh air with the flue gas, which can provide the optimal solution for lower NOx emission in the existing coal-fired boilers.     

新型直流燃烧器燃烧性能的数值模拟分析

为了解决超低负荷下煤粉燃烧器的稳燃和NO_x排放等问题,研发了一种新型直流煤粉燃烧器,通过数值模拟分析发现该燃烧器具有高浓缩比的特点,出口N 0X排放浓度在180mg/m³(02=6%)以内,同时喷口处能够形成稳定的回流区,保证了煤粉着火的稳定性,可见该新型燃烧器具有良好的低NO_x排放及稳燃特性。     

O2/CO2气氛下炉内煤粉切圆燃烧数值研究

对某电厂600 MW切圆燃烧锅炉进行了O2/CO2气氛下炉内流动、传热和燃烧过程的数值研究。结果表明:在O2/CO2气氛下,随着氧气摩尔浓度的增加,炉内温度升高,高温区变大,对煤粉的着火燃烧有利;但考虑到燃烧器安全和水冷壁结渣,氧气摩尔浓度不能太高,对燃用文中煤质的锅炉其极限摩尔浓度在40%至45%之间。O2/CO2气氛对现有切圆燃烧锅炉的上层燃烧器煤粉的燃烧影响较小,对下层燃烧器煤粉的燃烧影响较大。与空气气氛煤粉燃烧相比,炉内火焰中心上移,且在氧气摩尔浓度不太高时,炉内温度分布特性有利于防止水冷壁的结渣。     

大容量锅炉新型旋流煤粉燃烧技术的研究

针对某厂采用EI-DRB型燃烧器的1025t/h锅炉稳燃能力差的问题,在径向浓淡燃烧器的基础上,提出了浓淡旋流煤粉燃烧器结构。1号锅炉下层燃烧器采用浓淡旋流煤粉燃烧器后,解决了锅炉稳燃能力差的问题。在1号锅炉小修期间,发现浓淡燃烧器的中心扩锥磨损严重,但没有发生影响运行的现象。在浓淡旋流煤粉燃烧器的基础上,提出了中心给粉旋流煤粉燃烧器,彻底避免了中心扩锥的磨损问题。2号锅炉下层燃烧器采用中心给粉燃烧器后,解决了锅炉存在稳燃能力差的问题,并且NOx排放量有所降低。图6表2参9     

Experimental investigation of combustion in porous heating burners

The combustion characteristics of liquefied petroleum gas inside porous heating burners have been investigated experimentally under steady-state and transient conditions. Cooling tubes were embedded in the postflame region of the packed bed of a porous heating burner. The flame speed, temperature profile, and [NO_x] and [CO] in the product gases were monitored during an experiment. Due to the heat removal by the cooling tubes, a phenomenon termed metastable combustion was observed; this is that only one flame speed exists at a particular equivalence ratio for maintaining stable combustion within the porous bed of the porous heating burner. This behavior is quite different from that of porous burners without cooling tubes, in which an extended range of flame speeds usually is found for maintaining stable combustion. After metastable combustion has been established in a porous heating burner, a change in the equivalence ratio will stop the metastable combustion and drive the flame out of the packed bed. From the steady-state results, the porous heating burner was shown to maintain stable combustion under fuel-lean conditions with an equivalence ratio lower than the flammability limit of a normal free-burning system. The flame speed in a porous heating burner was found to decrease with an increase in the length of the porous bed. Combustion within a porous heating burner has the features of low flame temperature, extended reaction zone, high preheating temperature and low emissions of NO_x and CO. The flame temperature ranged from 1050 to 1250 °C, which is ∼200 °C lower than the adiabatic flame temperature at the corresponding equivalence ratio. The length of the reaction zone could be more than 70 mm and the preheating temperature ranged from 950 to 1000 °C. Both [NO_x] and [CO] were low, typically below 10 ppm.     

通过煤粉浓缩预热低NOx燃烧器实现高温空气燃烧技术的研究

以煤粉浓缩预热低NOx燃烧器(PRP)为例,说明了通过组织高温烟气回流快速预热低风煤比的一次风煤粉气流,可以在燃煤锅炉上实现具有高稳燃和低NOx排放性能的高温空气燃烧.工业试验和应用表明:PRP燃烧器特殊的预热室结构可以有效控制一次风粉的预热,快速加热煤粉颗粒并使之在达到燃烧器喷口时接近着火温度,因而具有优异的煤种适应性、低负荷稳燃能力和低NOx排放特性,是在燃煤锅炉上实现高温空气燃烧的一种良好的燃烧器.     

Performance simulation of a low‐swirl burner for a Stirling engine

A new type of gas burner for Stirling engine that can recover adequate heat from exhaust gas was designed based on the plate heat exchanger and low‐swirl combustion technology, which consists of three components: a cyclone, a burner, and a circular plate heat exchanger. The circular plate heat exchanger tightly wound around the combustion chamber plays a high efficiency of heat recovery role. In consideration of the radial symmetry of the burner, a three‐dimensional numerical simulation was carried out by Ansys15. The velocity distribution, temperature distribution, and pressure distribution of the combustion gas were presented respectively. Strong backflow that came from the exhaust gas around the root of the flame in the combustion chamber and a vortex below the inlet of the exhaust gas channel were found, which were beneficial for the combustion and improving the uniformity of temperature distribution. Combustion behaviors of the burner under standard operating conditions were obtained, the highest temperature was about 2200 K in burner and the exhaust gas entered the plate heat exchanger at the temperature of 1375 K and exited at 464 K, with the waste heat recovery efficiency over 65.8%. And, the air‐fuel ratio and combustion power had negligible effect on the waste heat recovery efficiency.