柴油掺烧生物柴油在高速电控共轨柴油机的性能与排放研究

以玉柴4D20柴油机为试验机型,在柴油中掺入10%、20%和30%体积比的大豆生物柴油配置成混合燃料,进行台架试验,测量并分析性能与排放试验数据。试验表明,燃用生物柴油混合燃料动力性稍微有点下降,燃油消耗率增加;排放方面可以大幅度降低碳烟的排放,但是NOx稍微增加。     

甲醇发动机催化器设计开发应用

实现内燃机燃料多元化和低碳化发展,缓解我国碳排放的压力和石油对外依赖的现状,保障国家能源安全。由于醇醚代用燃料独特的排放、使用成本经济性等优势,推广应用醇醚代用燃料技术(乙醇、甲醇、二甲醚等)和生物燃料(生物柴油、生物乙醇),初步实现液体替代燃料与石化燃料掺混改应用,石化燃料替代意义重大。     

生物柴油混合燃料对柴油机VOC排放的影响

由于其属性与柴油的相似性以及在废气排放和生物降解方面的有利特性,生物柴油被越来越多的应用。为了更好地了解生物柴油,本研究将探讨与普通柴油相比,生物柴油混合燃料对柴油机废气中VOC(挥发性有机化合物)排放的影响。每种燃料依据美国的瞬变周期协议以0-80,000km行驶里程为周期进行几次废气排放测试。通过使用热脱附管收集稀释废气中VOC样品,然后由GC/MS(质谱仪)系统分析。在B20和柴油燃料中,分别识别并量化出22种和47种化学物质。整个VOC排放量在B20燃料和柴油中的范围分别是32.4-71.6mg kW/h和49.6-183.7mg kW/h。个别的VOC排放范围是0.1-29.8mg kW/h(B20)和0.1-93.6mg kW/h(柴油)。就危害商数方面而言,个别VOC健康风险在B20燃料和柴油燃料中的范围分别是0.01-1.13和0.01-22.79。B20燃料具有低得多的VOC排放量,平均减少了61.2%;相应地,VOC的潜在臭氧总量较低,减少了64.0%。另外,B20燃料也显示出健康隐患方面的降低。因此,就VOC排放而言,柴油机使用生物柴油比较有利。     

2-甲基呋喃与生物柴油、柴油混合燃料的热平衡与㶲平衡分析

基于某款缸内直喷柴油发动机,将2-甲基呋喃(MF)分别与生物柴油,柴油燃料混合,研究不同燃料的热效率与?效率.试验结果表明,柴油-MF混合燃料随着MF质量分数的增加,热效率与?效率先增加后减小,热效率在纯柴油90％负荷工作时取得最大值为41.2％,?效率在MF质量比例为20％的混合燃料70％负荷工作时取得最大值为38.64％.而在生物柴油-MF混合燃料中,随着MF质量分数的增加,混合燃料的热效率与?效率一直减小,其排气气体的能量效率与?效率反而增加.在掺混同等低质量分数(10％)的MF下,生物柴油混合燃料比柴油混合燃料具有更高的热效率和?效率,而在掺混同等较高质量分数的MF(30％)下,生物柴油混合燃料的热效率和?效率比柴油混合燃料低.     

添加乙醚和乙醇对发动机燃用生物柴油-柴油混合燃料排放性能的影响

研究目的是评估使用乙醚和乙醇作为生物柴油-柴油混合燃料的添加剂时,对直喷式柴油发动机排放特性的影响。测试燃料分别为B30(体积分数为30%的生物柴油和70%的柴油),BE-1(体积分数为5%的乙醚,25%的生物柴油和70%的柴油)和BE-2(体积分数为5%的乙醇,25%的生物柴油和70%的柴油)。结果表明:与B30相比,BE-1的燃油消耗率略低;在发动机大负荷时,BE-1和BE-2排放的烟度急剧减少;BE-2的氮氧化物(NOx)排放量略高,BE-1和BE-2的碳氢化合物(HC)排放量略高,但一氧化碳(CO)排放量稍低。     

葵花籽油-柴油混合燃料的排放特性试验研究

以S195柴油机为试验机型,在柴油中掺入10％、20％和30％体积比的葵花籽油配置成混合燃料,进行台架试验,测量并分析排放试验数据.试验表明葵花籽油-柴油混合燃料能改善缸内燃烧,降低NOx和碳烟的排放.     

生物柴油燃烧循环变动特性试验研究

对柴油机燃烧大豆生物柴油、0#柴油及乙醇与生物柴油的混合燃料的循环变动进行了对比分析,结果表明柴油机燃烧B100时,在小负荷工况出现较大的循环变动,中高负荷工况燃烧B100的各类COV都低于D100。在大豆生物柴油中混合乙醇作为燃料,对低负荷工况的循环变动有较大的影响,对中高负荷工况的循环变动影响不大。添加10%的乙醇既能降低柴油机燃烧的粗暴程度,又能使柴油机燃烧更为稳定。     

玉米油-柴油生物混合燃料的试验研究

通过对玉米油-柴油生物混合燃料的相关试验研究,力求该种生物混合燃料在不同比例下的物化特性和排放特性,为玉米油-柴油生物混合燃料的研究和应用推广做出贡献.试验研究表明:玉米油-柴油生物混合燃料有着很好的稳定性和排放性,可以用作柴油机的代用燃料.     

475柴油机燃用乙醇柴油混合燃料的数值模拟

为研究乙醇柴油在475柴油机上的燃烧过程,利用CFD分析软件FIRE对柴油机燃油不同掺混比例的乙醇柴油混合燃料进行燃烧过程模拟,建立了燃烧仿真模型并对模型准确性进行验证。模拟了不同乙醇掺混比例的混合燃料对缸内压力、缸内温度、放热规律及排放的影响。结果显示掺混乙醇后对最高爆发压力影响不大,缸内温度随着掺混比例的增加有所降低,E10最大瞬时放热率是最小的。另外随乙醇比例增加NO_x排放减少而碳烟增加。     

乙醇柴油混合燃料助溶剂的试验研究

选用正丁醇、正庚醇和正癸醇作为乙醇-柴油混合燃料助溶剂(混合燃料的体积比为助溶剂:乙醇:柴油=5:20:75)进行相溶性试验,并通过台架试验对比了添加不同助溶剂的混合燃料对柴油机性能及排放的影响.试验结果表明:随着正构醇分子量增加和环境温度上升,混合燃料相溶稳定性增加,燃油经济性变好;HC和NOx排放随助溶剂分子量增加和发动机转速降低而上升.在1 500～2 200 r/min时,zH5E20D75的烟度最低.其余转速下则以ZD5E20D75为最低.     

The effect of biodiesel and ultra low sulfur diesel fuels on emissions in 11,000 CC heavy-duty diesel engine

It seems very difficult to comply with upcoming stringent emission standards in vehicles To develop low emission engines, better quality of automotive fuels must be achieved Since sulfur contents in diesel fuels are transformed to sulfate—laden particulate matters as a catalyst is applied, it is necessary to provide low sulfur fuels before any Pt-based oxidation catalysts are applied In general, flash point, distillation 90% and cetane index are improved but viscosity can be worse in the process of desulfunzation of diesel fuel Excessive reduction of sulfur may cause to degrade viscosity of fuels and engine performance in fuel injection systems This research focused on the performance of an 11,000 cc diesel engine and emission characteristics by the introduction of ULSD, bio-diesel and a diesel oxidation catalyst, where the bio—diesel was used to improve viscosity of fuels in fuel injection systems as fuel additives or alternative fuels     

The characteristics of biodiesel and oxygenated additives in a compression ignition engine

In this study, experiments on the simultaneous reduction of smoke and NOx emissions of indirect-injection (IDI) diesel engines were conducted using a biodiesel fuel (BDF) and ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether (EGBE), which is an oxygenated fuel of mono-ethers, as a pre-processing method and by applying cooled EGR. A four-cylinder, water-cooled IDI diesel engine was used, while the engine performance and emission characteristics were considered using diesel fuel, BDF 100%, and a mixed fuel BDF and EGBE (maximum EGBE mixing ratio in mixed fuel: 20 vol-%). Results showed the BDF and the BDF and EGBE mix had significantly better smoke reduction effects than the diesel fuel. In particular, the use of the BDF and EGBE mix and the simultaneous application of 10% cooled EGR were confirmed to have reduced both smoke and NOx emissions.     

发动机燃用生物柴油的颗粒可溶有机组分及多环芳烃排放

以一台车用柴油机为样机,研究发动机燃用生物柴油的常规排放,重点探讨其颗粒(Particulate matter,PM)、可溶有机组分(Soluble organic fraction,SOF)及多环芳烃(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)的排放特性。所用燃油分别为柴油、生物柴油掺混配比为10%的B10燃油。结果表明,与柴油相比,该车用柴油机燃用B10燃油后颗粒、SOF和PAHs的质量排放均有所降低;NOx排放略有增加,HC和CO排放有所下降。B10燃油燃烧的颗粒SOF中醇类、酮类、醚类质量分数下降;脂类、酸类、醛类质量分数上升。在检测到的12种PAHs中,B10燃油有10种质量排放减少,尤其是苯并(a)芘等高环数致癌性的PAHs降幅明显,这表明发动机燃用生物柴油后,排气颗粒的化学成分毒性有所降低。     

Effect of oxygen enrichment on the performance,combustion, and emission of single cylinder stationary CI engine fueled with cardanol diesel blends

We investigated the effect of intake air enrichment on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a single cylinder direct-injection stationary diesel engine fueled with non- edible alternative fuel, namely, cardanol — diesel — methanol blend (B20M10). The results were compared with baseline diesel operations under standard operating conditions. The bio-fuel blend B20M10 (20% cardanol, 10% Methanol, and 70% diesel) was used as fuel and the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics were investigated by oxygen enriching of intake air with 3, 5, and 7 percentage by weight. With the increase of intake air oxygen concentration, CO, HC, and smoke were found to be decreased. But BTE and NOx emission were considerably increased. The blended fuel B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment of intake air was compared with diesel operation. The results show a 0.5% lesser BTE, 28% more NOx emission at full load condition. There is not much variation of smoke emission to be noticed for this fuel combination compared to diesel.     

Combustion and emissions of the diesel engine using bio-diesel fuel

The combustion and heat release of engines using diesel fuel and bio-diesel fuel have been investigated. The results illustrate that the combustion happens in advance and the ignition delay period is shortened. The initial heat release peak declines a little, the corresponding crankshaft angle changes in advance, and the combustion duration is prolonged. The economic performance and emission features of diesel engines using diesel fuel and bio-diesel fuel are compared. The results also show that the specific fuel consumption of bio-diesel increases by about 12% .The emissions, such as CO, HC, and particulate matter decrease remarkably whereas NO_x increases a little.     

柴油/乙醇混合燃料对发动机排放性能分析

介绍了在柴油中混合不同比例的乙醇对柴油机CH、NOx和碳烟排放的影响.采用柴油/乙醇制成不同比例乳化燃料在一台直喷、增压、中冷柴油机上进行试验.试验结果表明随着乙醇掺烧比例的增加,HC排放逐渐的增加,尤其在小负荷工况范围内,HC排放恶化严重;NOx排放在小负荷工况下有所改善;发动机碳烟排放逐渐的降低.     

Investigation of the effects of steam injection on the emissions and performance of a diesel engine using waste chicken oil methyl ester

The use of biodiesel-blended fuels in diesel engines improves the engine performance parameters and the partial recovery of incomplete combustion products, while also increasing the level of NOx emissions. In this study; biodiesel obtained through the transesterification of waste chicken frying oil was mixed with diesel fuel (90% diesel + 10% biodiesel-B10), and was then used as fuel in a direct injection diesel engine. To reduce the increased NOx emissions caused by the use of B10 fuel, the steam injection method (which is one of the NOx reduction methods) was applied. Steam was injected into the intake manifold at different ratios (5%-S5, 10%-S10 and 15%-S15) and at the time of the induction stroke with the aid of an electronically controlled system. Based on the study results, it was observed that steam injection into the engine using B10 fuel improved both the engine performance and the exhaust emission parameters. It was determined that the S15 steam injection ratio resulted in the best engine performance and emissions parameters. In comparison to STD fuel; the highest increase observed at the S15 steam injection ratio in the effective engine power was 2.2%, while the highest decrease in the specific fuel consumption was 3.4%, the highest increase in the effective efficiency was 3.5%, and the highest decrease in NOx emissions was 13.7%.

     

基于多目标优化的柴油机VNT–vEGR系统开发研究

为了在兼顾柴油机经济性和颗粒物排放的前提下,进一步降低氮氧化物(Nitrogen oxides,NO_x)排放以实现良好的柴油机综合性能,设计带文丘里管废气再循环系统的可变涡轮增压系统(Variable nozzle turbo+Venturi-exhaust gas recirculation,VNT+vEGR)。针对排气旁通阀涡轮增压(Wastegate,WG)柴油机原机,进行文丘里管废气再循环系统(Venturi-exhaust gas recirculation,v EGR)的设计和与可变涡轮增压器(Variable nozzle turbo,VNT)的匹配研究,并进行经济性、氮氧化物和颗粒物排放仿真计算研究。应用试验设计方法技术(Design of experiment,DoE)对VNT-vEGR系统进行多目标优化研究。研究结果表明,相比于配备排气旁通阀涡轮增压器的柴油机原机,对VNT-v EGR系统柴油机应用Do E进行多目标优化匹配后,欧洲稳态测试循环(European steady-state cycle,ESC)工况加权油耗值基本保持不变,氮氧化物加权排放量下降约49.5%,能够实现良好的综合性能。     

Performance and emission studies on an agriculture engine on neat Jatropha oil

Diesel engines have proven their utility in the transportation, agriculture, and power sectors in India. They are also potential sources of decentralized energy generation for rural electrification. Concerns on the long-term availability of petroleum diesel and the stringent environmental norms have mandated the search for a renewable alternative to diesel fuel to address these problems. Vegetable oils have been considered good alternatives to diesel in the past couple of years. However, there are many issues related to the use of vegetable oils in diesel engine. Jatropha curcas has been promoted in India as a sustainable substitute to diesel fuel. This study aims to develop a dual fuel engine test rig for evaluating the potential suitability of Jatropha oil as diesel fuel and for determining the performance and emission characteristics of an engine with Jatropha oil. The experimental results suggest that engine performance using Jatropha oil is slightly inferior to that of diesel fuel. The thermal efficiency of the engine was lower, while the brake-specific fuel consumption was higher with Jatropha oil compared with diesel fuel. The levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from Jatropha oil during the entire duration of the experiment were lower than those of diesel fuel. The reduction of NOx was found to be an important characteristic of Jatropha oil as NOx emission is the most harmful gaseous emission from engines; as such, its reduction is always the goal of engine researchers and makers. During the entire experiment, carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in the case of using Jatropha oil were higher than when diesel fuel was used. The higher density and viscosity of Jatropha oil causes lower thermal efficiency and higher brakespecific fuel consumption. The performance and emission characteristics found in this study are significant for the study of replacing diesel fuel from fossils with Jatropha oil in rural India, where the availability of diesel has always been a problem.