磁流体径向本征函数的演化规律

应用傅里叶变换,将线性化的理想磁流体方程组转化为一个关于径向本征函数的二阶常微分方程。通过求解此方程,数值模拟了角向模数m=2时,圆柱磁流体径向本征函数在不同热压强时随波数和增长率的演化规律。数值模拟结果表明径向本征函数对波长的变化比较敏感,在短波模式有一定波动,长波时不受增长率的影响。此结果有利于加深对高角向模数不稳定性的理解,同时也验证了半解析方法解决磁流体问题的有效性和简洁性。     

具有非均匀热压强磁流体速度的定量研究北大核心CSCD

应用数值模拟方法,研究了非均匀等离子体压强梯度对圆柱位型磁流体速度的影响,并与均匀等离子体压强时的结论进行了比较,得到的主要结论包括:压力梯度对径向速度几乎无影响。无论等离子体压强是否均匀,角向速度和轴向速度的演化规律相似,但轴向速度对压力梯度更敏感。当等离子体压强均匀时,角向速度和轴向速度均为负值;当等离子体压强非均匀时,角向速度和轴向速度均正负参半,这体现了等离子体压强梯度对磁流体不稳定性的驱动效应。由于等离子壁对流体的阻碍作用,所有速度在等离子体壁处均衰减为零。     

具有非均匀热压强磁流体速度的定量研究

应用数值模拟方法,研究了非均匀等离子体压强梯度对圆柱位型磁流体速度的影响,并与均匀等离子体压强时的结论进行了比较,得到的主要结论包括:压力梯度对径向速度几乎无影响。无论等离子体压强是否均匀,角向速度和轴向速度的演化规律相似,但轴向速度对压力梯度更敏感。当等离子体压强均匀时,角向速度和轴向速度均为负值;当等离子体压强非均匀时,角向速度和轴向速度均正负参半,这体现了等离子体压强梯度对磁流体不稳定性的驱动效应。由于等离子壁对流体的阻碍作用,所有速度在等离子体壁处均衰减为零。     

粘性圆柱等离子体径向扰动磁场的数值研究

将半解析方法和差分方法相结合,数值模拟了不同等离子体压强和粘度时,粘性圆柱等离子体径向扰动磁场随半径的演化规律。数值模拟结果表明:径向扰动磁场随磁流体粘滞系数的增大而增大。短波模式对应的径向扰动磁场主要为负值,长波模式对应的径向扰动磁场主要为正值。当等离子体压强不同时,尽管波数k非常接近,但径向扰动磁场的差距仍然很大,这说明在计算扰动磁场时,等离子体压强应该予以考虑。     

圆柱位型磁流体速度的数值计算

应用半解析方法,研究了具有圆柱位型的等离子体处于不同压强时,磁流体速度随半径的演化规律。数值计算结果表明:当等离子体压强不同时,径向速度的变化较小,角向速度和轴向速度的变化较大。轴向速度随半径的演化规律与角向速度的规律类似,但是,压强对轴向速度的影响比对角向速度的影响更加明显。等离子体压强对长波模式流体的速度影响较为明显。     

几种不同波数时的角向扰动磁场

数值模拟了不同波数时,等离子体粘度的角向扰动磁场的演化规律,并与理想磁流体时的角向扰动磁场进行了比较,得到的主要结论是:等离子体压强较小时,大波数对应的角向扰动磁场为正值,小波数的角向扰动磁场为负值;等离子体压强较大时,大波数对应的角向扰动磁场也有负值出现。另外,当等离子体压强一定时,随着等离子体粘度的增加,角向扰动磁场的波动幅度越大。     

考虑等离子体粘性时的扰动磁场北大核心CSCD

从只考虑粘滞效应的非理想磁流体方程组出发,先应用半解析方法进行公式推导,然后数值计算了几种非均匀等离子体压强时,圆柱等离子体轴向扰动磁场随半径和粘度的演化规律。数值模拟结果表明:轴向扰动磁场在等离子体轴线位置处的值为零,而且这个值不受等离子体粘度,波数以及压强的影响。当等离子体压强一定时,轴向扰动磁场的极大值随着粘度的增加而增大。当粘度大到一定程度时,轴向扰动磁场在轴线和壁之间出现多个极大值和极小值,这表明了等离子体粘度对轴向扰动磁场的影响十分明显。     

考虑等离子体粘性时的扰动磁场

从只考虑粘滞效应的非理想磁流体方程组出发,先应用半解析方法进行公式推导,然后数值计算了几种非均匀等离子体压强时,圆柱等离子体轴向扰动磁场随半径和粘度的演化规律。数值模拟结果表明:轴向扰动磁场在等离子体轴线位置处的值为零,而且这个值不受等离子体粘度,波数以及压强的影响。当等离子体压强一定时,轴向扰动磁场的极大值随着粘度的增加而增大。当粘度大到一定程度时,轴向扰动磁场在轴线和壁之间出现多个极大值和极小值,这表明了等离子体粘度对轴向扰动磁场的影响十分明显。     

等离子体压强和粘度效应的线性化数值分析

从线性化理想磁流体方程组出发,应用半解析方法,数值求解了圆柱位型等离子体压强和粘度对轴向本征函数的影响,主要结论包括:无论等离子体粘度如何变化,轴向本征函数均随着等离子体压强的增大而减小。等离子体半径较小(约小于0.3)时的轴向本征函数均为负值,等离子体半径较大(约大于0.3)时的轴向本征函数均为正值。压强较低时,靠近圆柱中心和等离子体壁处的轴向本征函数受粘度影响较大。     

均匀热压强时径向本征函数的研究北大核心CSCD

应用半解析方法,数值计算了不同均匀热压强时,径向本征函数随圆柱等离子体半径和粘度的演化规律。数值模拟结果表明:当等离子体热压强均匀时,压强对长波模式磁流体系统的径向本征函数基本无影响;短波模式时,均匀等离子体热压强对径向本征函数的极值大小和极值所处的位置均有明显影响,说明径向本征函数对波长的变化比较敏感。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.