基于对称小波降噪及非对称高斯拟合的激光目标定位

针对数字体制机载多脉冲激光测距机信号处理算法引入测距误差的问题,提出减少脉冲激光回波波形失真的降噪算法以及改善激光测距精度的校正措施,可用于脉冲激光目标的精确定位。结合数字体制多脉冲激光目标检测过程分析数字信号处理算法引入的测距误差,指出信号采样率限制了目标定位的距离分辨率,低通滤波环节的非线性相频特性是造成波形失真、峰值点偏移的主要因素。然后,针对这些问题给出了改善多脉冲激光目标定位精度的具体算法:基于对称小波基实施回波信号小波分解,利用改进Donoho阈值处理小波系数,用以减小重构目标波形峰值点位置的偏移;采用差分组合函数搜索目标回波的峰值点,基于非对称高斯脉冲模型进行高采样率拟合,对峰值点位置加以校正,改善定位的精确性。通过仿真选取合适的小波基,对比不同算法信噪比改善及峰值点定位的性能。在室外高塔开展消光比激光测距实验,结果显示信噪比为1.5的激光目标定位精度小于2m,验证了多脉冲激光目标精确定位算法的性能。     

低信噪比下脉冲激光雷达回波信号小波域滤波算法

通过分析脉冲激光雷达回波中目标信号与噪声在频域不同的分布特性及在小波域不同的传播特性,提出了小波域脉冲激光雷达回波信号滤波的新算法.在低信噪比下,利用小波分解和模极大值降噪技术相结合的方法,不仅能够很好地滤除激光回波中的高频噪声,并且也可大大降低回波中低频噪声对弱小目标的影响.仿真结果表明了该滤波算法的有效性.     

激光高度计接收脉冲回波信号分析器

激光高度计接收脉冲回波是叠加有噪声的多重非高斯波形,有效提取非高斯波形的统计参量对于反演目标高度和种类信息是十分关键的。基于接收脉冲回波信号的特点,利用广义高斯函数模型完成接收脉冲回波信号的数学建模。通过对接收脉冲回波的平滑滤波和初始参数获取,并采用非线性最小二乘算法,开发了一种提取接收脉冲回波统计参量的波形分析器。利用波形分析器对仿真的回波波形进行了处理,结果表明,对于15 dB的单个广义高斯波形,其统计参量的最大提取误差不超过1%。随着广义高斯分量个数的增加以及回波信噪比的降低,统计参量的提取误差有所增加。利用波形分析器能够有效地提取回波波形的统计参量,为反演目标信息提供数据依据。     

低信噪比下机载多脉冲激光雷达姿态不敏感性特征提取研究

针对纳秒量级脉宽机载多脉冲激光照射目标的回波波形,提出几何分割比这一目标姿态不敏感特征,给出了特征提取算法,可用于与激光目标运动状态结合开展目标检测与跟踪。首先,基于激光目标波形数学模型分析目标波形与目标特征的关系,指出激光目标的几何分割比特征具备姿态不敏感特性。接着,结合目标特征提取对目标波形和噪声不失真分离的要求,提出在小波域利用对称小波基进行改进Donoho阈值降噪处理,在时域利用小波重构信号阈值获取目标波形序列,再由一阶二阶差分计算检测目标波形峰值点,进而提取激光目标散射中心及几何分割比等特征。最后,通过仿真实验验证算法在低信噪比下提取激光目标特征信息的有效性。在与机载多脉冲激光目标模拟器联试实验中,利用文中算法提取激光目标特征结合目标的运动状态信息,开展多帧相关匹配检测,多脉冲激光目标检测的可靠性明显提高。     

基于m序列的半导体激光测距技术研究与仿真

针对传统脉冲式半导体激光测距机在中远程测距的应用中,回波信噪比过低而难以检测目标信号的问题,提出了一种基于m序列的小型化半导体激光测距方案,以单周期m序列作为激光发射波形,对微弱低信噪比回波信号采用相参积累及匹配滤波相结合的数字信号处理方法。通过仿真及计算,证明本方案可以提高回波信噪比,并有效地从微弱回波信号中提取出目标信号,进而提高激光测距机的测距能力。     

基于最大信噪比准则的认知雷达波形优化算法

针对雷达回波信号的信噪比问题,提出了一种认知雷达的优化波形算法。它参考点目标、高斯白噪声下的匹配滤波原理,利用Schwarz不等式和拉格朗日算法,得出了优化信号与杂波功率谱之间的关系表达式。仿真表明,相对于线性调频(LFM)信号,该算法可以提高雷达回波信号的输出信噪比,从而提高了雷达的目标检测概率。     

基于最大信噪比的雷达波形优化方法

针对雷达回波信号的信噪比问题,本文在各种通用杂波功率谱模型下提出了一种优化波形算法.它参考点目标、高斯白噪声下的匹配滤波原理,利用Schwarz不等式和拉格朗日算法,得出了优化信号与杂波功率谱之间的关系表达式.仿真表明,相对于线性调频信号(LFM),该算法可以提高雷达回波信号的输出信噪比,从而提高雷达的目标检测概率.     

机载平台动态杂波背景下多脉冲激光距离扩展目标回波滤波算法研究

现代飞机装备机载光电探测系统,采用红外热像仪搜索空域飞机目标的方位,利用脉冲激光测距机测量目标的径向距离。机载脉冲激光目标检测是一个动态过程,当光斑在目标上移动或大气湍流折射导致回波光束偏离接收天线时,目标时有时无,导致无法稳定跟踪目标。仅利用目标回波脉冲的幅度信息进行检测,限制了激光目标的有效作用距离。在机载平台的动态杂波背景下,将脉冲激光目标视为距离扩展目标,回波信号看作目标波形像,结合时间宽度上的波形特征开展检测,可较好解决动态目标检测问题。鉴于此,文中提出了一种基于小波变换的多脉冲激光距离扩展目标回波滤波算法。实验结果表明,所提算法能够较好地保持波形特征。     

多脉冲远程激光测距回波处理方法研究

为了解决远程激光测距回波信号信噪比低、信号难以检测的问题,提出了一种基于EMD的小波阈值去噪方法。首先,将脉冲回波信号通过EMD算法分解为频率从高到低的不同分量;其次,对高频分量进行小波阈值去噪处理,提出了一种阈值改进方法,从而提高了信噪比;最后,将去噪后的信号进行峰值检测,定位回波脉冲的峰值所在位置。通过matlab仿真,验证了文章所提出方法的有效性。结果显示,该方法可以将激光回波信噪比从-15dB提高到2.66dB,采用200Msps的AD进行采样,定位目标误差可控制在1.5m以内。     

基于目标波形模型的多脉冲激光雷达目标信号模拟

多脉冲激光雷达发射数个至数百个高重频激光照射目标,利用多脉冲回波累加实现信号积累。多脉冲激光目标检测性能的验证需要基于目标回波波形模型的动态目标信号模拟。脉冲激光目标回波波形可以由激光发射、信道传播、目标反射等环节之间的卷积传递关系加以建模。文中首先通过建立各环节的数学描述得到了回波波形的连续卷积模型。接着,针对积分解析模型不利于工程实现的问题,基于发射脉冲距离分辨单元提出了离散算法实现特定外形目标激光回波波形序列的直接计算。结合远程飞机目标的回波信号仿真,指出了回波波形与目标特性的内在联系,并通过实验进行了可信性验证。最后,应用文中模型及方法给出了多脉冲激光雷达动态目标模拟器的研制实现,为开展多脉冲激光目标检测研究提供必要的验证测试条件。     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.