10X11H23T3MP-BД不锈钢材料的耐蚀性能

通过高温抗氧化、盐雾腐蚀和应力腐蚀试验研究了10X11H23T3MP-BД不锈钢材料在使用状态（时效态）时的耐蚀性能.结果表明：该不锈钢材料在试验温度500℃和600℃时的空气介质中为完全抗氧化，在700℃和800℃时的空气介质中为抗氧化；500℃和600℃下的氧化动力学曲线符合对数规律，700℃和800℃下的氧化动力学曲线则符合直线规律；在35%NaCl中性盐雾介质中的抗腐蚀性能优良；在35%NaCl溶液中对应力腐蚀断裂存在一定的敏感性.     

马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢0Cr13Ni8Mo2Al的腐蚀性能

研究了马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢0Cr13Ni8Mo2Al的腐蚀性能,即应力腐蚀敏感性、抗氧化性能和抗盐雾腐蚀性能等。研究表明该钢具有较好的抗应力腐蚀性能,其应力腐蚀断裂形貌为穿晶、解理断裂,并有二次裂纹。500℃抗氧化性能很好,属于完全抗氧化级。抗盐雾腐蚀性能较好,经500h盐雾腐蚀试验,试样表面只有轻微的锈蚀,腐蚀速率较低。     

钒对中铬白口铸铁组织和抗高温氧化性能的影响

采用SEM与EDS对试样进行组织与成分分析,利用氧化增重法测定了不同钒含量(3.30%、6.80%、9.08%)的含钒中铬白口铸铁在500℃、600℃和750℃下的恒温氧化动力学曲线,采用X射线衍射法(XRD)对氧化试样的表面和氧化产物进行了物相分析.结果表明:随着V含量的增加.中铬白口铸铁的组织得到细化,基体上弥散分布大量VC颗粒,使得该材料有潜在的良好耐磨性能;在较低温度下(500℃、600℃)下,含钒中铬白口铸铁的恒温氧化动力学曲线符合抛物线规律,而在较高温度下(750℃),符合直线规律,最终高温氧化产物为Fe2O3以及少量的FeCr(VO4)2和Cr2O3,随着钒含量的增高,在较高温度下(750℃),含钒中铬白口铸铁的抗氧化性能有所改善.     

Ti600合金的高温氧化行为研究

研究了Ti600合金在600~750℃下的高温氧化行为。采用连续氧化增重的方法及氧化速度常数、氧化活度等理论计算了合金氧化的热力学和动力学规律;用XRD、SEM、EDS等手段研究保护膜的表面相结构和表面形貌以及截面元素分布。结果表明:Ti600合金在700℃以下均有较好的抗氧化性能,其连续氧化动力学曲线基本符合抛物线规律;在750℃,氧化较严重,其连续氧化动力学曲线近似符合抛物线-直线规律。氧化层由金红石型的TiO2氧化物和少量的Al2O3组成。Al2O3能阻止氧的渗入,降低氧化速度。     

BT25Y钛合金在600 ℃—800 ℃的高温氧化行为研究

研究了BT25Y钛合金在600 ℃、700 ℃和800 ℃下的高温氧化行为。采用连续氧化增重法,并结合氧化速度常数、氧化活度等理论计算了合金的氧化动力学和热力学规律;利用XRD、SEM和EDS等表征方法研究了氧化膜的相结构和表面、截面形貌及元素分布。结果表明：BT25Y钛合金在600 ℃和700 ℃均有较好的抗氧化性能,其连续氧化动力学曲线符合抛物线规律,氧化层由细小TiO₂和Al₂O₃组成,氧化膜可有效阻止氧渗入基体,降低氧化速度;BT25Y钛合金在800 ℃氧化严重,其连续氧化动力学曲线近似符合直线规律,氧化层由Al₂O₃层和TiO₂层交替组成,氧化膜疏松多孔,不能有效阻挡氧向基体一侧的扩散。     

Cr18Ni9Ti高温氧化行为研究

采用熔模精密铸造法制备1Cr18Ni9Ti耐热不锈钢,用氧化增重法在800℃对1Cr18Ni9Ti耐热不锈钢进行100h氧化腐蚀实验。采用扫描电镜（SEM）观察其基体组织及各氧化阶段的显微组织形貌;采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）对该材料最终高温氧化产物进行定性分析。结果表明：1Cr18Ni9Ti耐热不锈钢在800℃下的氧化曲线符合抛物线规律;其氧化破坏形式以点蚀为主;最终氧化产物由CrO、Fe2O3（六方）、Fe2O3（立方）、CrTiO3、NiTiO3和Ni3TiO5等混合组成。     

1Cr18Ni9Ti高温氧化行为研究

采用熔模精密铸造法制备1Cr18Ni9Ti耐热不锈钢,用氧化增重法在800℃对1Cr18Ni9Ti耐热不锈钢进行100 h氧化腐蚀实验.采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察其基体组织及各氧化阶段的显微组织彤貌;采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对该材料最终高温氧化产物进行定性分析.结果表明:ICr18Ni9Ti耐热不锈钢在800℃下的氧化曲线符合抛物线规律;其氧化破坏形式以点蚀为主;最终氧化产物由CrO、Fe2O3(六方)、Fe2O3(立方)、CrTiO3、NiTiO3和Ni3TiO5等混合组成.     

高温水蒸气环境中TP439不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性

目的 研究TP439不锈钢在高温水蒸气环境中的应力腐蚀开裂行为,并探讨水蒸气和温度对其应力腐蚀开裂敏感性的影响规律。方法 采用慢应变速率拉伸试验方法研究了TP439不锈钢在400~600 ℃水蒸气环境中的应力腐蚀开裂行为,利用SEM和EDS分析试样断口区域的形貌及元素分布。结果 同一应变速率(2×10^‒5 s^‒1)下,随着温度在400~600 ℃范围内升高,TP439不锈钢在空气和水蒸气环境中的屈服强度、抗拉强度和断裂能均逐渐降低,延伸率逐渐增大。400 ℃和500 ℃时,试样在水蒸气环境中的抗拉强度较空气环境中有所降低,而延伸率较空气环境中增大。600 ℃时试样在水蒸气环境中的力学性能较空气环境中无明显差别。试样在400、500、600 ℃水蒸气环境中的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性指数分别为0.7%、1.2%和‒2.8%,应力腐蚀开裂敏感性较低。试样在400~600 ℃水蒸气环境中的断口均呈现韧性断裂特征,断口形貌整体由韧窝和微孔组成,颈缩现象显著,断口附近未发现二次裂纹。温度在400~600 ℃范围内升高时,断口的韧窝特征更加明显,颈缩程度逐渐增大,600 ℃时断口侧面的氧化膜表面Cr含量明显降低,主要由Fe的氧化物形成。结论 水蒸气对TP439不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂行为起促进作用。基于应力腐蚀开裂敏感性指数和断口的分析,在应变速率为2×10^‒5 s^‒1的400~600 ℃水蒸气环境中,TP439不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性较低。     

Ni-20Cr/hBN自润滑材料的高温氧化行为

采用粉末冶金法制备六方氮化硼(hBN)含量为8%、10%和12%(质量分数)的Ni-20Cr/hBN自润滑复合材料,研究其在600、700和800℃的高温氧化行为,绘制氧化动力学曲线,并利用XRD和SEM分析氧化层的成分和形貌。结果表明:Ni-20Cr/hBN复合材料在600℃氧化300 h后氧化反应不明显;在700和800℃氧化300 h后出现较明显的氧化产物,主要有Cr2O3、NiCr2O4和CrBO3。氧化反应前100 h的氧化行为符合氧化增量动力学曲线,800℃的氧化抛物线速率常数比700℃的高一个数量级;而氧化100 h后,由于B2O3的熔融,试样质量保持不变或甚至呈下降趋势;在700℃下连续氧化膜基本形成,起到较好的保护作用,在800℃时氧化膜出现不同程度的腐蚀。     

不锈钢热浸镀铝后的抗氧化性能

通过对普通奥氏体不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti热浸镀铝（Al）＋混合稀土（RE）,分析了热浸镀铝不锈钢的高温长时间（500h）抗氧化性能。结果表明,热浸镀铝不锈钢在700℃、800℃的氧化增重较相同条件下未镀铝不锈钢的氧化增重高;1000℃氧化时,在热浸镀铝不锈钢的表面生成完整的α－Al2O3,使镀件表现出良好的长时间抗氧化性能,因而可以在此温度下长期使用。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.