高掺量聚丙烯纤维自密实混凝土制备及其性能研究

为了有效提高高掺量聚丙烯纤维自密实混凝土的工作性能,将调整水胶比和砂率进行配制聚丙烯纤维体积掺量为0.5％的自密实混凝土并对其材料性能进行试验研究.研究表明:高掺量聚丙烯纤维的掺入对自密实混凝土的流动性有较大影响,适当调整水胶比和砂率可配制满足工作性能要求的高掺量聚丙烯纤维自密实混凝土;水胶比的增大提高了高掺量聚丙烯纤维自密实混凝土的扩展度,同时也提高了其离析的风险,降低了其抗压强度;砂率的增大对高掺量聚丙烯纤维自密实混凝土的抗压强度基本没有影响,但可提高其拌合物的粘聚性.     

再生混凝土抗渗性能的研究进展

针对再生混凝土抗渗性能较差的现象,综述了国内外对再生混凝土抗渗性能的研究现状,并对再生混凝土的渗透机理和影响再生混凝土抗渗性能的因素进行了归纳总结,指出适当降低再生混凝土水灰比、控制再生骨料取代率、加入适量矿物掺合料等方法是提高混凝土抗渗性能的几大重要措施,并对再生混凝土在多种矿物掺合料共同作用下抗渗性的变化规律以及再...     

碱矿渣水泥混凝土的抗渗性能试验研究

抗渗性是混凝土重要的耐久性指标之一.通过对比研究了不同配制参数的碱矿渣混凝土与普通硅酸盐水泥混凝土的抗压强度及抗渗性能,并结合扫描电子显微镜、氮吸附对两种水泥的微观结构进行分析.结果表明:碱矿渣混凝土水化产物主要为低Ca/Si比的C-S-H凝胶,结构密实,抗渗性能优于普通硅酸盐混凝土;碱矿渣混凝土的抗渗性和强度随着水灰比的增大而降低,碱当量在3％ ～4％、水玻璃模数在1～1.5、矿渣细度在350～460 m2/kg范围内变化对碱矿渣混凝土的抗渗性和强度影响不大.     

切缝深度对聚丙烯纤维自密实轻骨料混凝土弯曲韧性的影响

为了研究预切缝深度对聚丙烯纤维自密实轻骨料混凝土弯曲韧性指标的影响,对25组5种聚丙烯纤维掺量和5种切缝深度的自密实轻骨料混凝土小梁进行弯曲试验,缝深分别为10 mm、20 mm、30 mm、40 mm、50 mm.弯曲韧性试验及评价方法参照我国《纤维混凝土试验方法标准》(CECS 13-2009)中建议的切口梁法.结果表明,随着纤维掺量的增加,弯曲韧性有显著的提高,切缝深度对聚丙烯纤维自密实轻骨料混凝土弯曲韧性指标的影响呈现一定的规律性,缝深每增加截面高度的10％,弯曲韧性指标feq1、feq2相应的增加10％左右.     

混杂纤维自密实混凝土孔结构对抗压强度影响的试验研究

采用压汞法对混杂纤维自密实混凝土进行微观孔结构试验,并进行抗压强度试验,分析了混杂纤维自密实混凝土孔结构的孔隙率、孔径尺寸与级配、孔分布特征与强度的关系,得出混杂纤维自密实混凝土孔结构与抗压强度的关系趋势.研究结果表明,在自密实混凝土中混杂掺人玄武岩纤维和聚丙烯纤维,其微观孔结构的改善对抗压强度的提高有着直接的影响.     

干掺纤维再生透水混凝土强度、透水性和耐磨性研究

为提高透水再生混凝土工程性能,对比研究了干掺玄武岩纤维和聚丙烯纤维对再生透水混凝土强度特性、透水性及耐磨性影响规律。研究结果表明：再生透水混凝土掺入纤维后抗拉强度提高,聚丙烯纤维再生混凝土抗压强度呈降低趋势变化,玄武岩纤维掺量0.3%时,再生透水混凝土抗压强度取得最大值,较未掺纤维再生透水混凝土抗压强度提高9.7%;纤维掺量超过0.43%时,掺聚丙烯纤维较玄武岩纤维再生透水混凝土抗拉性能要优;纤维掺量对再生混凝土孔隙率和透水系数影响较小,且满足CJJ/T 135-2009中透水混凝土设计要求;再生混凝土掺入纤维后的质量磨耗率减小,在玄武岩纤维掺量0.5%时,再生混凝土质量磨耗率取得最小值,较未掺纤维再生混凝土磨耗率降低29.2%;纤维掺量超过0.3%时,掺聚丙烯纤维较玄武岩纤维对再生混凝土耐磨性促进作用提高。建议玄武岩纤维最佳掺量为0.5%,聚丙烯纤维最佳掺量为0.7%。     

自密实再生混凝土工作及力学性能研究进展

自密实混凝土具有高流动性、抗离析性及较好的自密实性等特点,有利于提升工程质量及降低工程成本。将再生骨料应用于自密实混凝土中,可实现建筑废弃物的循环利用。为了确保自密实再生混凝土在工程应用过程中的可行性与安全性,还需在其工作性与力学性能等方面进行大量改性研究。基于自密实混凝土的流变密实机理,归纳总结了自密实混凝土的配合比设计原理,总结并评述了自密实再生混凝土的工作性能、力学性能的研究进展。最后,分析了自密实再生混凝土工作及力学性能研究所存在的问题,并对其前景进行展望,有助于推动自密实再生混凝土大规模地应用于实际工程中。     

隧道用聚丙烯纤维混凝土的抗渗试验及应用分析

如果隧道工程中混凝土的抗渗性能较差,可能会导致液体、气体进入混凝土结构,致使结构使用寿命快速缩减,对工程安全产生极大的负面影响。为提升混凝土结构的抗渗性能,强化其在隧道工程中的应用效果,探究了掺入聚丙烯纤维、玻璃纤维、钢纤维后混凝土抗渗性能的改良效果,并分析了抗渗性能提升机制。结合隧道工程二衬结构应用案例,评价聚丙烯纤维混凝土的抗渗性能,以期推动纤维混凝土在隧道工程中得到有效应用。     

自密实机制砂混凝土耐久性试验研究

通过以机制砂和天然砂为细骨料来制备自密实混凝土,通过机制砂内石粉质量分数的不同及自密实混凝土水灰比的不同来进行试验研究,经过试验发现机制砂自密实混凝土的流动性比天然砂自密实混凝土流动性差,但是机制砂自密实混凝土的抗压强度高于天然砂自密实混凝土.石粉质量分数的多少会对自密实混凝土的耐久性能及力学性能产生影响,石粉质量分数...     

一种新型再生混凝土改性研究

用C30废弃混凝土试块测试其基本性能并生产再生粗骨料,用其制备自密实再生混凝土,通过不同的取代率置换天然粗骨料。探究不同再生粗骨料取代率,对抗压强度和弹性模量,以及自密实再生混凝土工作性能的影响,而70%、100%、0%、50%分别是再生粗骨料的取代率。结果显示,自密实再生混凝土的工作性能,随着逐渐增加的再生粗骨料取代率而变差,且降低的弹性模量、方体抗压强度幅度分别在20%及15%左右。本文致力于自密实再生混凝土的力学性能及其实验展开探讨。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。