新型ZVS全桥DC/DC变换器

针对移相全桥软开关变换器存在的滞后臂难以实现零电压开关(ZVS)和占空比丢失的问题,提出了一种新型的全桥移相零电压变换器拓扑,采用3个等效的高频变压器替代传统的高频变压器,将阻断电容分成2个等效电容串联在桥臂中点之间,增加1个辅助电感实现滞后臂的ZVS。论述了所提出变换器的电路结构、工作原理和关键参数的设计。根据新的拓扑,设计了一台9kW的实验样机,实验结果证明了该电路拓扑能在宽的负载或输出范围内实现软开关。     

基于饱和电感的DC/DC开关变换器特性分析

移相全桥DC/DC变换器以其电路结构简单、开关损耗小、控制方便等优点在许多中大功率场合中得到了普遍的应用,但该变换器存在滞后桥臂换流困难、占空比丢失等问题,导致电路环流损耗增加,降低了变换器效率。针对以上问题,设计了一种基于饱和电感的DC/DC开关变换器。在分析变换器电路工作过程的基础上,讨论了饱和电感对电路局部谐振的影响,给出了饱和电抗器设计方法。最后通过实验验证了理论分析的正确性和可行性,实现了滞后桥臂的零电流开关,降低了环流能量,提高了DC/DC变换电路的效率。     

基于耦合电感与开关电容单元的高增益DC/DC变换器

提出一种基于耦合电感与开关电容单元的高增益DC/DC变换器.将开关电容单元集成到电路拓扑中,并拓展至n个,提高该变换器调节增益的自由度,使其不仅能通过改变耦合电感匝比来调节电压增益,还能通过增减开关电容单元来改变电压增益.耦合电感中漏感的电流不能突变,使得二极管的反向恢复问题得以解决.漏感能量通过无源箝位电路得到了很好的吸收,进而降低了开关管的电压应力,提高了变换器的效率和可靠性.分析了所提电路拓扑的工作原理,并对比分析了变换器的性能特点.最后,制作了一台输入电压为20～40 V,输出电压为380 V,额定功率为300 W的样机进行实验验证.主要工作波形与理论分析基本一致,且实测最高效率为95.4％,从而验证了理论分析的正确性与所提变换器的可行性.     

一种采用倍流整流电路的ZVS-ZCS三电平DC/DC变换器的研究

三电平DC/DC变换器多采用移相ZVS控制,而常规的移相ZVS控制的变换器,滞后臂较难实现ZVS,同时换流时的环流也会降低变换器的效率.另外,传统的输出全波整流设计,其大电流增加了输出滤波电感和变压器的体积以及整流管上的电压应力,这不利于用在低压大电流输出场合.为此,本文采用倍流整流电路的ZVS-ZCS三电平DC/DC变换器,提出把实现滞后臂ZCS的谐振电容设计在副边的倍流整流电路中,有效地克服了环流的影响和降低整流管的电压应力,同时相应地减小了流过变压器副边和输出滤波电感的电流.理论分析和实验验证了方案的正确性.     

三电平电流型推挽双向DC/DC变换器及工作特性分析

储能DC/DC变换器需要解决电池侧电流纹波和宽电压范围问题。本文研究了一种可用于电能路由器储能环节的三电平电流型推挽式双向DC/DC变换器，具有高增益、电流纹波小和宽输入电压范围的特征。以传输电感两端电压匹配为原则研究了采用脉冲宽度调制(PWM)加移相控制下的工作机理，深入分析了正向和反向工作模式。研究了占空比、桥间移相比和桥内移相比对功率传输的影响以及不同模式下的系统性能，以实现变换器的高效率功率传输。通过建立各功率管开通时刻的瞬态等效电路深入研究了功率管寄生电容、变压器励磁电感对实现软开关的影响。推导出开通时刻的准谐振方程，从而得到功率管实现软开关的条件，为参数优化设计奠定了基础。在3 kW实验平台上进行了实验研究，实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

新型谐振式开关电容变换器及其潜电路分析

针对传统三电平开关电容变换器存在硬开关或软开关实现较苛刻的不足,提出一种恒流充电谐振放电的新型1/2降压式开关电容变换器,谐振电容的谐振电流脉冲数减半,增大了电流占空比,降低了谐振电容的阻性损耗。以电路谐振和能量变换的规律,分析了输出电压、充电脉冲平均电流和变换效率等数学表达式,并得出一种简单的减少潜电路产生的新方法。这种谐振型开关电容变换器在一定范围内可通过调频方式调压,是一种谐振电感量小且效率高的直流变换器。最后通过仿真和实验验证了电路及其分析过程的正确性。     

适用于高动态响应场合的五电平DC/DC变换器

提出了一种可用于高动态响应场合的五电平DC/DC变换器。该电路在飞跨电容三电平电路的基础上通过添加两个双向开关和两个飞跨电容构造中间电平。稳定的飞跨电容电压是电路工作的基础,当电路工作时,飞跨电容的电压可以通过调节与之对应的中间电平的导通时间比来调节。文中分析了该电路的工作模式、电容电压平衡原理。实验结果证明,该电路工作原理正确,可以正常工作。     

一族开关电容调节器

传统的PWM直流变换器由于电感的存在,限制了能量传递速度。而开关电容变换器中不存在电感,能量通过电容直接传递,具有很好的动态特性。但其输出电压受电路结构限制不可调节,且开关瞬间有很大的冲击电流。本文采取将以上两种变换器进行复合的思路,分离出一族基本的开关电容单元和开关电感单元,将这两种单元进行两两组合,推导出了一族开关电容调节器。变换器同时具备开关电容模态和开关电感模态,采用电容作为传递能量的元件,因此具有动态响应快的优点。开关电感模态使其克服了传统开关电容变换器输出电压不可调的缺点,通过改变占空比即可调节输出电压。在实验室完成了一台基于其中一个变换器拓扑的1.2V/130A输出的电压调节模块原理样机,从而验证了理论分析的正确性。     

基于双变压器的复合式谐振三电平零电流开关变换器

针对分布式光伏发电接入中压直流配电网的应用场合,提出了一种基于双变压器的复合式谐振三电平变换器。新型变换器是在传统中性点钳位型三电平电路的基础上,通过添加一个辅助电路实现了基础三电平电路的固定占空比运行,变换器工作于电流断续模式。其中,基础三电平电路传输大部分功率,而辅助电路采用脉宽调制方式,可以实现基础三电平电路在全负载范围内的零电流开关,从而显著降低变换器的开关损耗。重点讨论了辅助变压器变比和谐振电容对开关管电流、谐振电压峰值、谐振电感值大小的影响,提出了相应的参数设计指导原则。最后,制作了一套300～1 500 V/2 kW原理样机对所提变换器的性能进行了验证。     

一种混合开关电感和开关电容的高增益DC/DC变换器

针对传统Z源DC/DC变换器存在的输入电流不连续、输出电压增益不够高和功率器件电压应力较高等不足,利用开关电感和开关电容技术,提出了一种混合开关高增益DC/DC变换器。该变换器主电路中只用到1个储能电容,结构简单,与现有典型的高增益阻抗源DC/DC变换器相比,所提出的混合开关电感和开关电容的DC/DC变换器可以实现更高的输出电压增益,同时电容和开关器件的电压应力较低。详细分析了所提变换器的工作原理,通过在实验室中所建立的输入电压16～40 V、输出电压26～107 V和输出功率7～114 W的原型验证了其性能。     

Analysis and improved control method of resonant DC link inverters

High performance power conversion requires high switching frequency power converters. Resonant dc link inverters, which are investigated in this paper, are suitable for this purpose because they cause no switching loss in principle. But in these inverters, loss of the resonant oscillation and occurrence of high peaks in the resonant capacitor voltage are serious problems. In this paper, we investigate a control method for resonant dc link inverters which can overcome these problems. First of all, we summarize the basic control principle of an ideal resonant dc link inverter. Then we present an analyzing method for the practical resonant dc link inverter introducing two equivalent circuits in which the influence of the power losses in the resonant link and in the inverter load is considered. From these equivalent circuits, the problems of existing control methods are clarified. Based on the results of this analysis, we propose an optimum and keep the capacitor voltage at an allowable level. A simple compensation method for the influence of storage time of switching devices, which affects the implementation of the proposed control method, is described. Some experimental results are included to confirm the validity of the analytical results and the effectiveness of the proposed control method.     

谐振变换器开关死区引起的直流变压器的功率损失

随着直流微电网和直流配电网的兴起,作为直流电压隔离变换的直流变压器备受关注。具有恒变压比的直流变压器通常采用高频谐振变换器和50%占空比控制,具有高效简洁的特点。本文分析了考虑开关死区情况下直流变压器的典型工作模态,推导建立了传输功率与开关死区时间的数学表达式,得到了死区将会降低直流变压器的传输功率的结论。建立了一种CLLC型谐振变换器拓扑的直流变压器的仿真模型和实验平台,结果验证了上述结论的正确性。     

A new parallel ZVS converter with less power switches and low current stress components

A new direct current (DC)/DC converter with parallel circuits is presented for medium voltage and power applications. There are five pulse‐width modulation circuits in the proposed converter to reduce current stress at low voltage side for high output current applications. These five circuits share the same power switches in order to reduce switch counts. To reduce the converter size, conduction loss, and voltage stress of power semiconductors, the series connections of power metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET) with high switching frequency instead of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with low switching frequency are adopted. Thus, the voltage stress of MOSFETs is clamped at half of input voltage. The switched capacitor circuit is adopted to balance input split capacitor voltages. Asymmetric pulse‐width modulation scheme is adopted to generate the necessary switching signals of MOSFETs and regulate output voltage. Based on the resonant behavior at the transition interval of power switches, all MOSFETs are turned on under zero voltage switching from 50% load to 100% load. The circuit configuration, operation principle, converter performance, and design example are discussed in detail. Finally, experimental verifications with a 1.92 kW prototype are provided to verify the performance of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于柔性电感的恒频控制LLC谐振变换器

传统LLC谐振变换器采用变频控制,在输入电压变化范围较宽时开关频率变化范围宽,其磁性元件难以优化设计.将LLC谐振变换器中的谐振电感设计为柔性电感,通过改变柔性电感的电感而改变变换器的谐振频率,改变LLC变换器的输出特性,实现宽输入电压、宽负载范围内的恒频调压,进而可以实现变压器、电感、滤波电容等元件的优化设计.首先介...     

ZCS谐振开关电容变换器的拓扑结构改进

零电流(ZCS)谐振开关电容变换器是开关电容变换器的一种新拓扑形式.通过建立ZCS谐振开关电容变换器的开关布尔矩阵,提出了一种分析其有效开关模态,辨识潜电路路径的新方法.当潜在回路出现时,变换器的输出特性出现非预期的变化.同时,通过对潜在回路电流路径的分析,提出了一种ZCS谐振开关电容变换器的改进电路,从而从根本上消除了变换器中的潜电路现象.实验结果证明了理论分析的正确性和有效性.     

Modular-structured resonant converter for multilevel converters in micro grids

In this work, an isolated modular resonant circuit with effective voltage regulation is presented as front-end for multilevel inverter system to interface renewable sources of energy with micro grid. Inputs of each module of the converter are connected to low-voltage DC sources. Modular-structured module outputs may be linked in sequence or parallel to attain the desired DC link capacitor voltage for multilevel inverter. The proposed converter overcomes imbalance in the capacitor voltage of diode-clamped inverter structure. Interleaved phase shift of 90° is supplied among the gate pulses of all four modules that minimizes the input-side current ripples. An effective zero voltage switching (ZVS) is achieved over wide load range using duty cycle and frequency-duty cycle double control method to improve system performance at light load condition. Adopting powder core magnetics and low forward voltage insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) reduces magnetic and conduction loss. A 12-kW prototype of the designed modular resonant converter was verified by experimentation with a different-level diode-clamped inverter structures.     

Hybrid DC–DC converter with high efficiency,wide ZVS range,and less output inductance

In this paper, a new soft switching direct current (DC)–DC converter with low circulating current, wide zero voltage switching range, and reduced output inductor is presented for electric vehicle or plug‐in hybrid electric vehicle battery charger application. The proposed high‐frequency link DC–DC converter includes two resonant circuits and one full‐bridge phase‐shift pulse‐width modulation circuit with shared power switches in leading and lagging legs. Series resonant converters are operated at fixed switching frequency to extend the zero voltage switching range of power switches. Passive snubber circuit using one clamp capacitor and two rectifier diodes at the secondary side is adopted to reduce the primary current of full‐bridge converter to zero during the freewheeling interval. Hence, the circulating current on the primary side is eliminated in the proposed converter. In the same time, the voltage across the output inductor is also decreased so that the output inductance can be reduced compared with the output inductance in conventional full‐bridge converter. Finally, experiments are presented for a 1.33‐kW prototype circuit converting 380 V input to an output voltage of 300–420 V/3.5 A for battery charger applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种交错并联零电流软开关双向DC/DC变换器设计*

针对传统交错并联式双向DC/DC变换器在高频大功率工作时,开关管损耗大的问题,设计了一种零电流软开关交错并联式双向DC/DC变换器;通过在开关过程前后引入谐振,实现零电流开通和零电流关断,降低开关损耗;进一步分时段模态分析了Boost/Buck模式下的电路工作机理,并在其基础上提出了一种适用于特定占空比的改进型零电流软开关双向DC/DC变换器。最后,通过仿真对比,验证了所设计零电流软开关变换器能量转换效率得到了提高。     

ZVS DC/DC converter with series half‐bridge legs for high voltage application

This paper presents a new DC/DC converter with series half‐bridge legs for high voltage application. Two half‐bridge legs connected in series and two split capacitors are used in the proposed circuit to limit the voltage stress of each active switch at one‐half of input voltage. Thus, active switches with low voltage stress can be used at high DC bus application. In the proposed converter, two circuit modules are operated with an interleaved pulse‐width modulation scheme to reduce the input and output ripple currents and to achieve load current sharing. In each circuit module, two resonant tanks are operated with phase‐shift one‐half of switching cycle such that the frequency of the input current is twice the frequency of the resonant inductor current. Based on the resonant behavior, all MOSFETs are turned on at zero voltage switching with the wide ranges of input voltage and load conditions. The rectifier diodes can be turned off at zero current switching if the switching frequency is less than the series resonant frequency. Thus, the switching losses on power semiconductors are reduced. The proposed converter can be applied for high input voltage applications such as three‐phase 380‐V utility system. Finally, experiments based on a laboratory prototype with 960‐W rated power are provided to demonstrate the performance of proposed converter. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.