Dynamic Tensile Behavior and Constitutive Modeling of TC21 Titanium Alloy

The dynamic tensile behaviors of a newly developed Ti-6 Al-2 Sn-2 Zr-3 Mo-1 Cr-2 Nb-Si alloy(referred as TC21 in China) over a wide range of strain rates from quasi-static to dynamic regimes(0.001-1 200 s~(-1)) at different temperatures were experimentally investigated. A split Hopkinson tension bar apparatus and a static material testing system were utilized to study the stress-strain responses under uniaxial tension loading condition. The experimental results indicate that the tensile behavior of TC21 titanium alloy is dependent on the strain rate and temperature. The values of initial yield stress increase with increasing strain rate and decreasing temperature. The effects of strain rate and temperature on the initial yield behavior are estimated by introducing two sensitivity parameters. The phenomenological-based constitutive model, Johnson-Cook model, is suitably modified to describe the rate-temperature dependent constitutive behavior of TC21 titanium alloy. It is observed that the modified model is in good agreement with the experimental data subjected to the investigated range of strain rates and temperatures.     

框架高剪压比中间层中节点抗震性能试验研究

完成了5个接近足尺的不同轴压比的高剪压比钢筋混凝土框架中间层中节点平面梁柱组合体的低周交变加载试验,弥补了国内外抗震节点试验在剪压比高参数区试验数据的不足。通过较全面测试和分析梁筋在节点中的粘结及滑移规律、节点水平箍筋各肢的受力规律以及组合体的滞回耗能及刚度变化规律,进一步揭示了这类节点的剪力传递机构特征、损伤发育特征及其综合抗震性能,为完善设计规范和在框架非弹性动力反应分析中建立更合理的分析模型和滞回模型提供了依据。     

强动载荷下离散多层圆筒的弹性动力响应分析

针对离散多层圆筒（DMC）在动载荷作用下研究的不足，研究了DMC在强动载荷作用下的弹性动力响应.在轴对称平面应变条件下，将内筒和钢带层的径向位移分别分解为满足非齐次应力边界条件的准静态解和满足齐次应力边界条件的动态解，准静态解由齐次线性方法和边界条件确定，动态解通过有限Hankel积分变换和Laplace积分变换求得.数值算例结果表明，与几何尺寸、材料均相同的单层圆筒（MC）相比，在相同的内部动载荷作用下，DMC有更大的径向位移和更大的径向应力峰值.DMC内筒的环向应力峰值比相应内径处的MC大，而钢带层中的环向应力峰值比单层圆筒小.     

应力三轴度和Lode角的舰用钢动态失效准则

准确获得舰用钢的失效特性是开展爆炸冲击等载荷作用下舰船毁伤评估的重要前提,应力三轴度和Lode参数是衡量材料应力状态的重要参量.为综合考虑应力状态、应变率和温度对舰用钢失效特性的影响,将考虑应力状态的MMC准则与考虑应变率、温度效应的J-C断裂准则相结合,提出了基于应力三轴度和Lode角的典型舰用金属动态失效准则,基于ABAQUS平台开发了VUMAT材料子程序,给出了动态失效准则的一般流程和实现方法.最后,通过开展一级轻气炮发射弹体侵彻2 mm厚舰用低碳钢穿甲试验,获得弹体侵彻钢板前后的速度变化,结合弹体侵彻钢板后剩余速度的比较对失效准则的有效性进行了验证.结果表明,考虑应力三轴度和Lode角的动态损伤失效准则能有效预测舰用金属材料的动态损伤失效,新模型较常用的J-C断裂准则在预测弹体剩余速度方面具有更高准确性.新准则可用于预测爆炸、冲击和侵彻等载荷作用下舰船结构爆炸破口尺寸、破坏模式、弹体剩余速度等.     

Energy dissipation rate: An indicator of coal deformation and failure under static and dynamic compressive loads

Dynamic disasters in Chinese coal mines pose a significant threat to coal productivity. Thus, a thorough understanding of the deformation and failure processes of coal is necessary. In this study, the energy dissipation rate is proposed as a novel indicator of coal deformation and failure under static and dynamic compressive loads. The relationship between stress-strain, uniaxial compressive strength, displacement rate, loading rate, fractal dimension, and energy dissipation rate was investigated through experiments conducted using the MTS C60 tests(static loads) and split Hopkinson pressure bar system(dynamic loads). The results show that the energy dissipation rate peaks are associated with stress drop during coal deformation, and also positively related to the uniaxial compressive strength. A higher displacement rate of quasi-static loads leads to an initial increase and then a decrease in energy dissipation rate, whereas a higher loading rate of dynamic loads results in larger energy dissipation rate. Theoretical analysis indicates that a sudden increase in energy dissipation rate suggests partial fracture occurring within coal under both quasi-static and dynamic loads. Hence, the energy dissipation rate is an essential indicator of partial fracture and final failure within coal, as well as a prospective precursor for catastrophic failure in coal mine.     

循环荷载三面本构模型及与实验结果比较

为探求形式简洁,参数较少,便于工程应用的循环本构模型,本文基于边界面模型和多面模型理论,建立了一个可描述金属材料三轴循环加载力学行为的三面本构模型.把塑性应变分解成塑性应变1和塑性应变2,塑性应变1对应于一套屈服面-边界面模型,塑性应变2对应于一套单屈服面模型.提出了当前应力点与边界面上对偶点之间距离的演变公式,基于一致性条件得出边界面模型中塑性模量的计算与运动硬化准则的联系.采用塑性应变作为硬化参数,应用关联流动法则计算塑性应变.相比于经典的边界面模型,本文模型形式简明;相比于前人修正随动硬化准则模型,本文模型需要的材料参数较少.结合金属稳定材料U71Mn的单轴循环实验结果,对其4种力学行为进行模拟,分析了非对称应力循环下平均应力和应力幅值对稳定材料棘轮效应的影响,以及对称应变循环下材料的最大应变幅值记忆效应.研究结果表明,本文模型的模拟结果与前人文献的实验结果一致性较好,可为研究材料的本构行为提供一条新的途径.     

复合荷载作用下完全叠接管节点热点应力的实验研究

通过实验研究了完全叠接管节点试件在复合荷载作用下的热点应力。首先研究了完全叠接管节点试件在轴力、平面内弯矩和平面外弯矩分别作用下的应变集中因子,结果表明在轴力和平面外弯矩作用下,该管节点试件的最大应变集中因子产生在靠近L支管的T支管的鞍部,而在平面内弯矩作用下,该管节点试件的最大应变集中因子则产生在L支管的冠跟部。随后,研究了完全叠接管节点试件在复合荷载作用下的热点应力,结果表明在复合荷载作用下最大热点应力可能出现在介于鞍部和冠部之间的任一位置。通过Gulati等和API所提出的复合荷载作用下的叠加方程与实验结果比较,发现Gulati等所提出的方程与实验结果吻合得很好,而API所提出的方程则偏于保守。     

Mechanical Response of Honeycomb Structures Under Impact

A honeycomb structure with a negative Poisson''s ratio (NPR) was designed, fabricated, and analyzed for utilization in personal protective clothing (PPC). The mechanical properties were investigated using a quasi-static mechanical testing and the Hopkinson pressure bar experimental system, and results were compared with similar samples containing regular hexagonal and regular quadrilateral honeycomb structures. The experimental results showed that under quasi-static loadings, the concave honeycomb structure had the highest compressive modulus and yield strength, which produced the highest strain absorption energy, anti-deformation performance and energy absorption. When exposed to a dynamic load at a high strain rate, the concave honeycomb also exhibited the highest dynamic compression modulus, the best impact resistance and best energy absorption among the three structures. In summary, the concave honeycomb structure was more resistant to deformation and had higher impact resistance than the regular hexagonal and regular quadrilateral honeycombs, and exhibited better energy absorption, which makes it a good candidate for application as a personal safety protection material.     

钢管混凝土梁柱新型连接节点抗震性能试验

为进一步研究钢管混凝土桥墩在地震作用下的变形与破坏机理,促进钢管混凝土墩柱在桥梁中的应用,提出一种新型的钢管混凝土梁柱节点,并对新型节点试件与传统一体化浇筑的节点试件进行了轴压和水平低周反复荷载共同作用下的试验.考察了节点不同浇筑方式、钢管柱不同埋深、选用不同屈服强度钢管对该类节点的抗震性能的影响,对节点破坏形式、滞回曲线、变形能力、累积耗能等抗震指标进行对比分析.结果表明:新型节点试件相对传统节点,钢管与混凝土粘结良好,无明显滑移或脱开破坏;试件的延性和耗能都相对于传统节点试件稍有提高.对于设计为耗能元件的构件,柱选用屈服强度低的钢管比屈服强度高的钢管耗能效果更好,并且能够更好的保证连接梁的完整性.     

General Analytical Shakedown Analysis of a Structure Subjected to Combined Loading with Constant and Cyclic Loads

恒定载荷和循环载荷共同作用时结构的安定性一般解析分析

邹宗园,郭宝峰,金淼

（燕山大学 先进锻压成形技术与科学教育部重点实验室）

创新点说明：

推导得到了结构在恒定载荷和循环载荷共同作用时安定极限载荷的一般解析解,揭示了恒定载荷和循环载荷共同作用下结构安定性的影响因素以及影响规律。

研究目的：

揭示恒定载荷和循环载荷共同作用对结构安定性的影响规律。

研究方法：

（1）通过理论推导,得到结构在恒定载荷和循环载荷共同作用时安定极限载荷的一般解析解;

（2）将所得到的一般解析解应用于两个具体的例子,所得到的结果与文献中的结果一致,从而验证本文研究结果的正确性。

结果：

应用Polizzotto的适用于恒定载荷和循环载荷共同作用的安定定理,通过解析推导,得到结构安定极限载荷的一般解析解。据此得到如下研究结果：

1) 当结构受到恒定载荷和循环载荷共同作用时,结构是否安定,取决于循环载荷的幅度、恒定载荷和循环载荷的峰值共同作用时的应力与循环载荷单独作用时的弹性参考应力之间的夹角。

2) 在结构中,若恒定载荷和循环载荷的峰值共同作用所产生的应力与循环载荷单独作用产生的弹性参考应力之间的夹角为零,则循环载荷幅度不超过弹性极限载荷的2倍时,结构安定。此时,安定极限载荷幅度等于循环载荷单独作用下结构弹性极限载荷的2倍。

3) 在结构中,若由恒定载荷和循环载荷的峰值共同作用所产生的应力,与循环载荷单独作用产生的弹性参考应力之间的夹角为锐角时,则当循环载荷幅度不大于该夹角的余弦与其弹性极限载荷的2倍的乘积时,结构安定。此时,安定极限载荷的幅度小于结构弹性极限载荷的2倍。

4) 在结构中,若由恒定载荷和循环载荷的峰值共同作用所产生的应力,与循环载荷单独作用产生的弹性参考应力之间的夹角等于或大于90°,则结构不安定。

结论：

应用本文得到的一般解析解,分别对受恒定拉伸和对称循环扭转共同作用的理想弹塑性薄壁管,和受到水平的恒定均匀拉伸和竖直的循环均匀拉伸共同作用的带中心圆孔方板进行安定性分析,得到的结果与其它文献中所给出的结果一致。验证了本文得到的一般解析解,该解析解普遍适用于恒定载荷和循环载荷共同作用时结构的安定性分析,揭示了此种加载情况下结构安定性的一般性规律。

关键词：弹塑性;安定极限载荷;一般解析解;组合加载

     

非均匀脆性介质损伤演化的一维准静态线性失稳及其发展

非均匀脆性介质的局部化转变及其发展是非均匀介质通向灾变破坏的一个重要途径,对于均匀场失稳及其发展的认识是理解局部化触发灾变破坏的根本。本文通过微扰分析方法,基于损伤演化方程,分析了非均匀脆性介质的均匀场在微小扰动下的线性失稳问题,指出一维弹脆性系统的损伤演化最大应力点后可能发生失稳。基于分区平均场近似和弹脆性模型分析了系统发生一部分加载另一部分卸载的非均匀演化问题,结果表明均匀场发生这种非均匀转变并继续发展的状态是可以存在的。而发生这种分叉失稳后,系统中出现部分弹性卸载和部分继续损伤的非均匀性会进一步发展和增强。     

Experimental investigation of rigid confinement effects of radial strain on dynamic mechanical properties and failure modes of concrete

In this study, to confirm the effect of confining pressure on dynamic mechanical behavior and failure modes of concrete, a split Hopkinson pressure bar dynamic loading device was utilized to perform dynamic compressive experiments under confined and unconfined conditions. The confining pressure was achieved by applying a lateral metal sleeve on the testing specimen which was loaded in the axial direction. The experimental results prove that dynamic peak axial stress, dynamic peak lateral stress,and peak axial strain of concrete are strongly sensitive to the strain rate under confined conditions.Moreover, the failure patterns are significantly affected by the stress-loading rate and confining pressure.Concrete shows stronger strain rate effects under an unconfined condition than that under a confined condition. More cracks are created in concrete subjected to uniaxial dynamic compression at a higher strain rate, which can be explained by a thermal-activated mechanism. By contrast, crack generation is prevented by confinement. Fitting formulas of the dynamic peak stress and dynamic peak axial strain are established by considering strain rate effects(50–250 s~(-1)) as well as the dynamic confining increase factor(DIFc).     

超高应变率下岩石的破坏机理

通过对大理石的轻气炮试验进行三维数值仿真重现,探索了岩石在超高应变率下的破坏机理.大理石试样中两个高速应力计的实测应力信号被用作数值模拟的匹配目标,结果表明,在高速冲击压缩载荷下,细观静水压破坏是大理石的主要破坏机制,而不是通常认为的细观剪切或拉伸破坏.此外,为再现不同冲击速度下大理石的物理实验观测数据,提出了新的考虑...     

爆炸荷载作用下焊接工字钢梁的动力响应及破坏模式分析

目的分析焊接工字形钢梁在爆炸荷载作用下破坏模式及影响动力响应的主要因素,为钢梁抗爆设计提供建议．方法采用有限元软件ANSYS／LS—DYNA,基于流固耦合的方法对钢梁的动力响应及破坏进行数值分析．结果在不同的爆炸荷载作用下,钢梁可能发生剪切破坏、弯剪联合破坏和翼缘屈曲破坏3种破坏模式;增高腹板高度可以有效地控制钢梁在爆炸荷载作用下的跨中最大位移,效果次之的是增加翼缘板厚度和腹板厚度,效果最差的是增加翼缘板宽度．结论钢梁的破坏模式与比例距离有关．随着比例距离增大,钢梁的破坏模式由剪切破坏模式转变为翼缘屈曲破坏模式．增大梁截面高度,能有效地提高钢梁的抗爆承载力．     

抗震框架中间层中节点梁筋粘结退化试验研究

根据已经完成的21个接近足尺的钢筋混凝土框架中间层中节点平面梁柱组合体的低周交变加载试验,较全面测试和分析了在轴压比、剪压比、钢筋强度和混凝土强度以及贯穿节点梁筋相对长度的影响下贯穿节点段梁筋的粘结退化规律,通过非线性拟合得到试验加载制度下贯穿中间层中节点梁筋和混凝土之间粘结应力τ在不同加载阶段的计算公式,提出了受轴压比、剪压比、钢筋强度和混凝土强度等参数影响的贯穿节点梁筋相对长度hc/d的建议公式。     

NMR-based damage characterisation of backfill material in host rock under dynamic loading

It is not uncommon that backfill material used in underground mining being exposed to repetitive dynamic stresses induced by blasting operations or rockburst events. Understanding the strength and fracture evolution of backfilled stopes is critical to maintain the long-term stope stability and ensure safe mining activities. This paper aims to study the damage evolution of the backfill material and its host rock behaviour under three-dimensional(3D) dynamic loading. Using a true-triaxial testing machine, multiple samples of backfill material enclosed by country rock were fabricated and tested under various dynamic loadings with different true-triaxial confining stress conditions. In addition, the nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) measurement was conducted on the samples before and after exerting static and dynamic loading to obtain their porosity distribution changes. The experiment results suggested that with the increase of the dynamic loading, the porosity of the backfill sample goes through a two-stage process,which shows a slightly linear decrease and then followed by an exponential increase. The research findings can help understand the damage mechanism and fracture development of backfilled stopes and its host rock in deep underground mines, which are constantly subject to the combination of 3D static confining stress and dynamic loading.     

Failure of rock under dynamic compressive loading

Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar（SHPB） test was simulated to investigate the distribution of the first principal stress and damage zone of specimen subjected to dynamic compressive load. Numerical models of plate-type specimen containing cracks with inclined angles of 0°,45° and 90° were also established to investigate the crack propagation and damage evolution under dynamic loading. The results show that the simulation results are in accordance with the failure patterns of specimens in experimental test. The interactions between stress wave and crack with different inclined angles are different; damage usually appears around the crack tips firstly; and then more damage zones develop away from the foregoing damage zone after a period of energy accumulation; eventually,the damage zones run through the specimen in the direction of applied loading and split the specimen into pieces.     

Dynamic mechanical behavior and microstructural evolution of the Al-6Mg alloy subjected to three treatment conditions

The mechanical properties of Al-6Mg alloy with three treatment states (H112, O and cold-extruded states) were investigated at room and high temperatures using an INSTRON machine and a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB). Stress-strain curves of the alloy with different processes were obtained at a quasi-static strain rate of 5×10-4 s-1and dynamic strain rates of 1 400-4 200 s-1, respectively. The results suggest that, at room temperature, the three processed Al-6Mg alloys are all low sensitive to strain rate. The O state Al-6Mg alloy (Al-6Mg-O) exhibits the most ductility, while the cold-extruded Al-6Mg alloy (Al-6Mg-C) displays the highest strength. At elevated temperatures, the yield stresses and the differences in yield stress of the three processed alloys all decrease with increasing temperature under the quasi-static strain rate of 5×10-4 s-1. Based on test results, modified Johnson-Cook (JC) constitutive models for the three processed Al-6Mg alloys were developed. The microstructures before and after deformation were examined by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and further dynamic recrystallization (DRX) at the strain rate of 3 300 s-1 was discussed.     

冲击速度对开孔泡沫金属冲击动力学性能影响

利用有限元软件ANSYS中的LS-DYNA模块,建立起了泡沫金属胞元方孔模型,采用能更好反应实际情况的幂函数塑性模型,研究了冲击速度对泡沫金属冲击动力学性能的影响,对泡沫金属在冲击载荷作用下的应力传递和分布以及变形过程进行了数值模拟,分析了冲击速度对泡沫金属应力传递和分布以及变形的影响。研究表明,随着初始撞击速度的提高,泡沫铝屈服强度有所提高,应力传递速度和接触端面处的泡孔变形速度加快。     

Experimental and numerical study of failure behavior and mechanism of coal under dynamic compressive loads

A comprehensive understanding of the failure behavior and mechanism of coal is a prerequisite for dealing with dynamic problems in mining space. In this study, the failure behavior and mechanism of coal under uniaxial dynamic compressive loads were experimentally and numerically investigated. The experiments were conducted using a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) system. The results indicated that the typical failure of coal is lateral and axial at lower loading rates and totally smashed at higher loading rates. The further fractography analysis of lateral and axial fracture fragments indicated that the coal failure under dynamic compressive load is caused by tensile brittle fracture. In addition, the typical failure modes of coal under dynamic load were numerically reproduced. The numerical results indicated that the axial fracture is caused directly by the incident compressive stress wave and the lateral fracture is caused by the tensile stress wave reflected from the interface between coal specimen and transmitted bar.Potential application was further conducted to interpret dynamic problems in underground coal mine and it manifested that the lateral and axial fractures of coal constitute the parallel cracks in the coal mass under roof fall and blasting in mining space.