无线电吸波暗室的反射电平（上）

给出了天线方向图比较法和自由空间电压驻波比法两者的对照,这2种方法可用于评估无线电吸波暗室的反射电平。在分析这2种方法之后,指出了哪些参数会影响反射电平的测量值。通过实验结果的对照,揭示了为什么在采用这2种方法时会得到不尽一致和不相关联的结果,进而还表明当吸波暗室性能获得改进之后,如何利用反射电平来衡量这种改进。基于目前的研究成果,描述了吸波暗室性能的评估步骤。同时,还通过举例指出有必要开展进一步的研究,以便归纳出满意的评估步骤。     

基于AFA型吸波材料的微波暗室静区性能仿真

基于射线追踪法开发的静区电平仿真软件应用于AFA型吸波材料(难燃型吸波材料)铺设的微波暗室静区性能仿真。软件以国内暗室性能检测机构的喇叭天线数据为依据设定发射天线的辐射特性模拟函数,得到发射天线的直射波方向图。以AFA 型吸波材料的实测数据为依据设定吸波材料的吸波特性模拟函数,计算微波暗室各面墙壁反射电场在静区内叠加后的总反射电场值,并据此得到静区内的反射电平分布。仿真与实测结果表明,1 GHz 以下静区反射电平仿真结果下限值与测试结果偏差相对较大;1 GHz 以上两者偏差小于1 dB,吻合较好。验证了该仿真软件能够快速并较准确地用于微波暗室吸波工程的设计与评估。     

微波暗室静区性能仿真预测方法

为了有效预测微波暗室的静区性能,使用FEKO软件进行任意入射角度条件下角锥吸波材料的前向反射率仿真,并以某矩形暗室结构为例,利用吸波材料反射率仿真结果,采用射线追踪法计算了发射天线位于天线阵面上典型位置时暗室静区内反射电平的分布情况.经比较,仿真结果与实际测量结果一致性较好,该方法为微波暗室性能预测提供了有效手段.     

微波暗室装贴吸波材料的反射损耗测试研究

介绍了吸波材料反射损耗测试常用的时域法和弓形法,研究了已经装贴到暗室侧壁的吸波材料的测试方法,并进行了实际测试验证。结果表明,时域法测试忽略了收发天线间的耦合对测试结果的影响。对时域测试法提出了两点改进措施,获得了一种比较可靠实用的微波暗室现场测试吸波材料性能的方法。     

基于镜像射线跟踪法的电波暗室仿真设计

为提升暗室吸波工程的设计能力,运用镜像射线跟踪法对10 m 法电波暗室进行仿真设计,通过合理布置吸波材料,考虑一次反射和二次反射对静区的影响,计算了不同极化方式下静区的反射电平、归一化场地衰减和场均匀性。结果表明垂直极化和水平极化时,场地电压驻波比仿真与测试偏差小于2.3 dB;归一化场地衰减仿真与测试误差小于3 dB,场均匀性误差小于2 dB。仿真与测试结果吻合较好,各项指标均满足设计要求,验证了吸波材料布局的合理性及算法的可靠性。该仿真方法可应用于暗室静区性能评估,优化吸波材料布局,进而有效缩短设计周期。     

微波暗室反射电平的测量技术

本文简述了微波暗室静区与反射电平的基本概念,论述了空间驻波法测量暗室反射电平的基本原理和方法,重点讨论了自由空间电压驻波比法测量反射电平的数据简化处理新方法。结合我所微波暗室的测试经验,指出了微波暗室测试中应注意的问题,最后给出了我所微波暗室反射电平的实测结果。     

大型微波暗室电磁特性的理论分析与设计

利用几何光学法和物理光学法，分析了带有双柱面紧缩场天线的微波暗室内的电磁场分布。通过计算得到了满足指定性能要求的暗室墙壁上吸波材料的吸波性能分布，以及暗室各墙壁上的总反射场强分布。     

聚丙烯泡沫/铁氧体复合吸波材料研制及应用

介绍了一种新型发泡聚丙烯微孔泡沫吸波材料,并与铁氧体吸波材料进行复合后,在30～1 000MHz的宽频带范围内有优异的反射性能.将复合后的材料应用在3m法电磁兼容暗室,其归一化场地衰减性能仿真计算结果在±4dB以内,其中绝大部分值在±2dB以内,满足高性能电磁兼容电波暗室的设计要求.发泡聚丙烯微孔泡沫吸波材料相对于传统的聚氨酯泡沫吸波材料具有洁净不脱粉、不吸水、耐热性好、硬度强、长期使用不垂头变形等优点,为下一代暗室的建设提供了更多的选择.     

暗室墙面反射对雷达告警系统测向的影响

微波暗室为电磁波的定性分析或定量测试提供一个近似无反射的环境,当微波暗室内存在的反射不能忽略时,暗室墙面反射引起的多路径传输就会影响对测试结果的评定。在阐述比幅单脉冲测向原理的基础上,研究了由于暗室静区反射电平对雷达告警系统测向精确度的影响,建立了暗室静区反射电平与雷达告警接收机测向误差的关系模型,并且结合四元阵、八元阵、十六元阵说明了静区反射电平、来波方向与测向误差范围的关系。     

外推法天线增益测量系统的暗室反射影响评估

介绍了外推法技术, 在此基础上提出一种基于几何光学的吸波材料影响评估方法.该方法可以在数字滤波后有效模拟并引入反射信号, 通过比较两次外推后的数据, 得到对增益测量的影响评估结果.在中国计量科学研究院(National Institute of Metrology, NIM)的外推法装置中进行实验验证, 结果表明:该方法可以有效模拟吸波材料的影响, 并给出由吸波材料引入的增益测量不确定度分量.该方法目前已应用到NIM和英国国家物理研究院(National Physical Laboratory, NPL)的外推法测量结果评定中, 不仅对于外推法, 对于在暗室中进行的其他天线测量结果的评估也具有很好的参考价值.     

Reflectivity level of radio anechoic chambers

A comparison between the antenna-pattern comparison technique and the free-space voltage standing-wave ratio technique for evaluating the reflectivity level of radio anechoic chambers is presented. Based on an analysis of the two techniques, it is pointed out which parameters influence the measured value of the reflectivity level. The comparison is illustrated with experimental results and it is explained why inconsistent and uncorrelated results may be found when the two methods are used. Furthermore, it is demonstrated, by introducing improvements in a chamber, how the reflectivity level can be used to measure the improvements. This work is inspired by the current discussion of finding a figure of merit for anechoic chambers. Based on the results, an evaluation procedure for anechoic chambers is indicated. However, it is pointed out and illustrated by examples that further investigations are necessary before a satisfactory procedure can be outlined.     

Efficient detection of resonances in anechoic chambers using thematrix pencil method

In a previous paper we have presented a method for evaluating the performance of anechoic chambers by analyzing the S-parameters of a system comprising two antennas facing each other in an anechoic chamber using the matrix pencil method. In this work, we present an improvement of this resonance detection technique using only the transmission parameter S₂₁. The propagating components of the transmission parameter S₂₁ are derived over small frequency intervals using the matrix pencil method and then removed from S₂₁ in a two-level decomposition procedure. The resonances are clearly identified from the residual signal. Two examples of resonance detection in two different anechoic chambers illustrate the proposed method     

Measurement of electrically large array antennas in small anechoic chambers [Measurements Corner]

A post-processing procedure that yields accurate array-antenna radiation-pattern estimations is described. By resorting to this strategy, measurements of large array antennas inside small anechoic chambers become feasible. The method employs an adequate phase-correction derived from an optical ray approach, under the assumption that the elementary radiators themselves are electrically small and can be measured under far-field conditions inside the relevant anechoic chamber. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated by examining the case of a nonuniform linear array antenna.     

暗室工程的概念设计

从暗室使用者的角度,结合暗室的测试功能、无反射特性、屏蔽效能、测量设备和测量方法等方面,以举例的方式,介绍一些暗室概念设计的思路和方法,以期暗室建成后的性能能达到初始期望的要求。     

Reflectivity measurements in anechoic chambers in the microwave to millimeter range

A voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) measurement method and ensuing reflectivity characteristics are presented for anechoic chambers in the range 1-76.5 GHz. The free space VSWR measurements are performed using a composite antenna technique. By making use of two different anechoic chambers, the dependency of the reflectivity characteristics upon direction in the horizontal plane and absorber's height is analyzed.     

电磁兼容测试用暗室的性能设计

作为电磁兼容测试场地,半电波暗室越来越显示出其重要性.介绍了半电波暗室的基本设计方法,并举例介绍了射线法技术,给出了10m法半电波暗室的设计结果.     

应用于卫星导航与对抗的穹形满天星暗室的仿真设计

针对当前信息化战争背景下卫星导航装备对无线测试环境的应用需求,结合现阶段国内外暗室发展现状,对矩形、穹形两种暗室进行选型分析,从静区特性、应用性能等方面进行系统仿真分析,最终采用穹形暗室作为暗室选型方案。通过满天星天线布局,模拟真实环境中的卫星轨迹和信号,构建与真实环境高度逼真的无线测试环境,能够有效支撑卫星导航装备尤其是波束成形抗干扰终端的测试,填补了国内在穹形满天星暗室方面的设计空白,可指导工程实践应用。     

Educating microwave engineers in the United States

Three knowledge areas in which a microwave engineer needs to be educated are reviewed, and implementation means discussed. It is shown that microwave engineering education in the US occurs primarily after receipt of the first (bachelor's) engineering degree. The inevitability of specialized academic education within the field of microwave engineering is pointed out. Overall results from a broadly based survey of US electrical engineering departments' microwave engineering programs are presented. They include information on master's and doctorate degrees awarded, faculty, and sources and level of research funding. Additional reference sources which contain information on US microwave engineering are identified. Opportunities for making educational improvements on the graduate level of this multifaceted engineering specialization, which is not centrally regulated, are pointed out and illustrated by a specific example     

AXB型吸波材料及微波暗室

介绍AXB型吸波材料的性能.用AXB型吸波材料建造的天线近、远场测量微波暗室,10m半电波暗室和RCS测量微波暗室的技术指标都符合相关标准的要求.