厌氧氨氧化颗粒反应器的快速启动研究

厌氧氨氧化菌较长的倍增时间导致了厌氧氨氧化颗粒反应器启动慢,作者采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)对厌氧氨氧化颗粒反应器的快速启动进行了试验研究。以人工配水作原水(TN=200 mg/L、pH=7.5~7.8)、以常温放置的厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥为种泥,在33~35℃条件下,通过水力停留时间的缩短,经过68 d的运行,成功启动厌氧氨氧化反应器,氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮消耗量与硝酸盐氮生成量之比为1∶1.08∶0.26。反应器运行稳定高效,在水力停留时间为4 h、有机负荷为1.2 kg/(m3.d)的条件下,NH4+-N和NO2--N的去除率分别为90%、99%。培养过程中,颗粒污泥颜色逐渐由黑色变为红棕色,所形成颗粒污泥具有极好的沉降性能,沉降速度达20~78 m/h。     

UASB反应器处理啤酒废水的颗粒污泥培养研究

颗粒污泥是UASB反应器高效稳定运行的最基本的保障,因此污泥颗粒化技术一直是UASB技术的关键之一。以啤酒废水为基质,重点研究了在生产性UASB反应器内培养颗粒污泥的工艺控制条件。     

UASB反应器废糖蜜在启动阶段的废水处理和生物制氢

在启动阶段,对传统上流式厌氧污泥层反应器(UASB)和改良的UASB反应器去除化学需氧量(COD)和发酵生物制氢进行了研究和比较.改性UASB反应器和常规UASB反应器的最大COD去除率分别为82和68.4％,最大产氢率(HPR)分别为 188.99 mmol-h2 L-1h-1 和 117.03 mmol-h2 L-...     

低浓度废水处理的研究进展

低浓度废水由于碳源不足的特点,对处理中的脱氮除磷效果有着制约作用。综述了低浓度废水处理技术的研究进展,重点介绍了生物膜工艺、序批式活性污泥工艺(SBR)、改良A2/O工艺、人工湿地处理工艺、升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB工艺)、膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器(EGSB工艺)、厌氧折流板反应器(ABR工艺)和组合式折流板厌氧反应器(HABR工艺)。     

IC反应器在造纸行业的应用

制浆造纸工业产生大量高浓有机废水需要生物净化,好氧工艺在污水处理工艺中被广泛应用。 　　20世纪 70年代中,荷兰瓦格宁根 (Wageningen)大学拉丁格 (Lettinga)教授发明了 UASB(上流式厌氧污泥床 )反应器以后,成熟的厌氧工艺才大量应用于制浆造纸行业,并广受欢迎,至今在制浆造纸行业厌氧处理工艺已占到 75％以上的市场份额。 　　1983年,荷兰帕克公司 (PAQUES.B.V.)首先将 UASB应用于荷兰 Roermond造纸厂,人们很快发现以颗粒污泥为特征的高负荷、高效厌氧工艺能给造纸工业的污水处理带来以下巨大的利益： 　　*运行成本低 …     

厌氧内循环反应器处理P-RC APMP高浓制浆废水颗粒污泥特性分析

以果汁废水处理系统中UASB反应器的厌氧颗粒污泥作为的接种污泥,以P-RC APMP高浓制浆废水为进水启动厌氧内循环反应器,讨论了厌氧内循环反应器启动前后颗粒污泥的性质变化,包括物理性质、化学性质、产甲烷活性、胞外多聚物以及生物相的变化.结果表明,厌氧内循环反应器内污泥具有较强的活性.     

厌氧内循环反应器处理P-RC APMP高浓制浆废水颗粒污泥特性分析

以果汁废水处理系统中UASB反应器的厌氧颗粒污泥作为的接种污泥,以P-RC APMP高浓制浆废水为进水启动厌氧内循环反应器,讨论了厌氧内循环反应器启动前后颗粒污泥的性质变化,包括物理性质、化学性质、产甲烷活性、胞外多聚物以及生物相的变化.结果表明,厌氧内循环反应器内污泥具有较强的活性.     

EGSB与UASB反应器快速启动及调试对比

研究了膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)的快速启动及其特性,并与上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)进行了比较。研究结果表明:UASB反应器的启动完成需要45 d,COD最大容积负荷为5 kg/(m3.d),CODCr去除率为80%,EGSB反应器的启动可在25 d内完成,COD容积负荷可达8 kg/(m3.d),CODCr去除率大于90%。在EGSB的启动过程中,颗粒污泥性质变化明显,其平均直径由0.88 mm增加到1.25mm,比产甲烷活性是接种前的4倍。     

草浆中段废水厌氧污泥的培养

分析了UASB反应器中颗粒污泥的性质,通过UASB反应器处理经过浓硫酸沉淀过的草浆中段废水培养颗粒污泥的试验,进一步说明了颗粒污泥的形成过程,并讨论了形成的影响因素.     

酸化程度对高VFA毛皮废水厌氧生物处理的影响

以毛皮加工废水为研究对象,研究了废水酸化程度对内循环厌氧反应器(IC)处理性能的影响。研究结果表明,酸化程度对IC内循环厌氧反应器系统的CODCr去除率、出水中挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量、系统运行稳定性、颗粒污泥微生物相对值(MLVSS/MLSS)均有明显的影响。废水酸化程度在45%左右时,厌氧系统的CODCr去除率大于70%,此时出水VFA虽然较高但并未出现任何酸化抑制情况,出水ALK/VFA维持在1.3左右,系统运行稳定且良好,颗粒污泥微生物量维持在80%左右,且污泥活性良好。考虑到经济因素,建议在实际工程中控制毛皮废水酸化程度在45%左右,此时在保证一定的污泥微生物量的同时,还可维持较高的CODCr去除率。     

Anaerobic granular reactors for the treatment of dairy wastewater: A review

Considerable research has been conducted on the treatment of dairy wastewater by anaerobic granular reactors. Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors, anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBR) and static granular bed reactors (SGBR) are the conventional granular reactor types most commonly applied in dairy wastewater treatment. Hybrid systems have also been developed to increase treatment efficiency and overcome the operational problems associated with the treatment of this substrate. Effects of parameters including temperature, organic loading and operating protocols on the performance of granular reactors are summarised. Individual and hybrid granular reactors are evaluated based on organic matter removal and methane production capacity.     

Lighted upflow anaerobic sludge blanket

The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) method has been developed as an efficient anaerobic wastewater treatment process; however, the performance of this process in the removal nitrogenous compounds and phosphate is not high. Here, we present the water treatment performance of a lighted upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (LUASB) reactor and propose a novel LUASB concept. A population of phototrophic bacteria was induced from UASB granules under light conditions (100 microE x m(-2) x s(-1)). The ammonium and phosphate ion removal efficiencies of the LUASB reactor were higher than those of a UASB reactor. The difference in the results from runs under light and dark conditions suggests that the efficiencies of ammonium and phosphate ion removal were improved by an increase in the phototrophic bacteria in the LUASB reactor. The UASB granule can decompose a variety of organic substances; therefore, the LUASB method could also be effective for producing phototrophic bacterial biomass and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from various wastewaters.     

A new process for efficiently producing methane from waste activated sludge: alkaline pretreatment of sludge followed by treatment of fermentation liquid in an EGSB reactor

In the literature the production of methane from waste activated sludge (WAS) was usually conducted in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) after sludge was pretreated. It was reported in our previous publication that compared with other pretreatment methods the methane production in CSTR could be significantly enhanced when sludge was pretreated by NaOH at pH 10 for 8 days. In order to further improve methane production, this study reported a new process for efficiently producing methane from sludge, that is, sludge was fermented at pH 10 for 8 days, which was adjusted by Ca(OH)(2), and then the fermentation liquid was treated in an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) for methane generation. First, for comparing the methane production observed in this study with that reported in the literature, the conventional operational model was applied to produce methane from the pH 10 pretreated sludge, that is, directly using the pH 10 pretreated sludge to produce methane in a CSTR. It was observed that the maximal methane production was only 0.61 m(3)CH(4)/m(3)-reactor/day. Then, the use of fermentation liquid of pH 10 pretreated sludge to produce methane in the reactors of up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB), anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) and EGSB was compared. The maximal methane production in UASB, ASBR, and EGSB reached 1.41, 3.01, and 12.43 m(3)CH(4)/m(3)-reactor/day, respectively. Finally, the mechanisms for EGSB exhibiting remarkably higher methane production were investigated by enzyme, adenosine-triphosphate (ATP), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses. It was found that the granular sludge in EGSB had the highest conversion efficiency of acetic acid to methane, and the greatest activity of hydrolysis and acidification enzymes and general physiology with much more Methanosarcinaceae.     

好氧颗粒污泥的形成及其性质

综述了好氧颗粒污泥的研究进展 ,包括好氧颗粒污泥的基本特征和微生物相、好氧颗粒污泥形成的主要条件及其颗粒化过程、好氧颗粒污泥反应器等 .好氧颗粒污泥是近几年发现的在好氧条件下自发形成的细胞自身固定化颗粒 ,具有良好的沉淀性能、较高的生物量和在高容积负荷条件下降解高浓度有机废水的良好生物活性 .颗粒化过程是一个多阶段的过程 ,取决于废水组成、操作条件和适当的选择压等因素 .SBR反应器 (SequencingBatchReactor)有利于好氧颗粒污泥的形成     

废纸造纸废水厌氧处理中降低反应器颗粒污泥钙化的研究

江苏省某纸业公司是以废纸为原料的大型造纸企业,废水处理采用初沉、厌氧(IC和EGSB反应器)、好氧、化学混凝等常规工艺。该公司造纸机白水封闭循环水平高,吨纸水耗低于10t,显著低于国内同类型企业的平均水平;由于废纸原料来源复杂,钙质添加剂较多,废水中钙离子浓度高,因此废水厌氧系统颗粒污泥钙化问题十分突出。为解决高钙废水颗粒污泥钙化突出的问题,本试验采用适度加药的方法抑制颗粒污泥钙化的趋势,降低企业运行成本,保持厌氧系统稳定运行。     

Wastewater treatment and poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate production using lighted upflow anaerobic sludge blanket method

We investigated the performance of a lighted upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (LUASB) reactor for wastewater treatment and poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) production. Phototrophic bacteria were induced from UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) granules under light conditions (100 microE.m(-2).s(-1)). The ammonium and phosphate ion removal efficiencies of the LUASB reactor were higher than those of the UASB reactor. The difference in the results from runs under light and dark conditions suggested that the ammonium and phosphate ion removal efficiencies were improved by increasing the amount of phototrophic bacteria in the LUASB reactor. The average production rate of PHB from the biomass in the effluent from the LUASB reactor was 6.6-14.0 mg.l(-1)-reactor.d(-1) using acetate-based media and the average PHB content based on the dry bacterial biomass was 15.1-25.3%. The PHB concentration increased by reincubation of the effluent from the LUASB reactor with sodium acetate under light conditions. The UASB granular sludge can decompose a variety of organic substances and in addition the LUASB method can remove ammonium and phosphate ions. The LUASB method thus appears to be appropriate for wastewater treatment and production of phototrophic bacteria and PHB from various wastewaters.     

不同类型污泥接种源培养的好氧颗粒污泥脱氮性能比较

分别以活性污泥和厌氧颗粒污泥培养的好氧颗粒污泥为对象，对成熟污泥颗粒的脱氮性能进行了比较研究。结果表明，颗粒污泥驯化成熟之后，对氨氮的去除效果维持在95％左右，与其污泥接种源没有明显的相关关系；对一个降解周期内氮的形态分析表明，在颗粒污泥存在的反应器内发生了同步硝化反硝化。     

EGSB反应器中SRB污泥颗粒化的工艺条件

采用小试规模的EGSB反应器,接种厌氧絮状污泥,培养出SRB颗粒污泥并研究了SRB颗粒污泥形成的工艺条件与影响因素。研究表明,进水SO4^2-负荷、碳氮磷源、COD与SO4^2-质量浓度比、反应器的启动方式、水力负荷、微量元素、H2S、pH、温度等是影响SRB污泥颗粒化的主要工艺条件。