鄂尔多斯盆地ZS地区长6-长9油层组流体包裹体特征及油气成藏史研究

通过对研究区9口井23块储层样品进行包裹体分析,依据不同类型烃类包裹体产状、丰度、气液比大小、地球化学组分和与烃类包裹体伴生的盐水包裹体均一温度等参数对比分析,并结合盆地热演化史和埋藏史恢复数据,分析了研究区油藏的成藏史。结果显示:研究区流体包裹体存在盐水包裹体、含液态烃包裹体、液态烃包裹体三类;石英愈合微裂隙和石英加大边两类宿主矿物产状;有机质的成熟度属于中等;油气成藏为相对漫长的连续过程,充注没有明显的间断,为一期成藏,主成藏期为早白垩世。     

含油气盆地油气成藏过程综述

在含油气盆地勘探工作中,成藏过程的研究往往可以进一步确定油气生—运—聚集关系、油气分布规律等,并对勘探区预测等工作有着至关重要的作用。就近年来前人在鄂尔多斯盆地、柴达木盆地、四川盆地、准噶尔盆地、塔里木盆地中展开的部分油气成藏过程研究进行总结。结果发现,目前在油气成藏过程研究中常常使用盆地构造演化分析、油源对比分析、碳同位素分析、流体包裹体分析等方法恢复研究区的油气成藏过程,进行定性的分析以及定量的研究。进一步确定烃源岩与圈闭的关系,成藏期次以及油藏分布特征等。     

滨海断鼻沙三段油气成藏特征研究

根据油气包裹体特征及地层埋藏史的恢复,对歧口凹陷滨海断鼻沙三段油气成藏期次和成藏时间进行了研究,认为该区沙三段油气以晚期成藏为主。结合构造活动特征和生排烃演化史、油气运聚史对油气成藏史进行了分析,明确了油气藏的分布序列与成藏因素,认为滨海断鼻沙三段油气藏分布主要受生烃演化阶段与构造发育配置关系的控制,形成了高油低气的油气藏分布序列。     

油气包裹体研究进展及其在油气成藏中的应用

油气包裹体是矿物形成过程中捕获的成矿溶液的代表,近年来已成为石油地质研究的重要手段,对于研究油源对比、油气运移、油气成藏和原油成熟度等具有十分重要的意义,油气包裹体理论以及油气包裹体测试方法的改进直接影响着油藏地球化学、成藏动力学的研究.系统论述了近年来油气包裹体理论及测试技术的进展,在此基础上讨论了油气包裹体在油气成藏中的主要应用,最后指出了油气包裹体应用时应注意的几个关键问题.     

东营凹陷断块油气藏类型及形成因素分析

断块油气藏在我国断块油气藏在我国东部断陷盆地中广泛分布,不同类型的断块模式特征不同,油气藏的富集规律不同,通过对研究区对各类型砂体与构造地质相匹配关系的研究,结果将其归纳为构造、岩性、构造-岩性复合型三大类油气藏,通过油藏剖面图和油藏平面图分析,结果将其油气藏类型可以分为5种类型:断层油气藏、断层-岩性油气藏、断层-岩性上倾尖灭油气藏、砂岩透镜体油气藏、岩性油气藏,通过对油气藏的形成条件和形成要素进行分析,确定了研究区油气藏的形成实际上是成藏静态要素与动态成藏过程的有机结合,对油气富集规律进行特点进行总结,对今后的滚动开发及挖潜方向奠定良好的基础。     

歧口凹陷滨海斜坡区沙一段油气成藏分析

根据歧口凹陷滨海斜坡沙一段油气包裹体特征及地层埋藏史分析,确定了研究区沙一段油气成藏期次和成藏时间,认为研究区沙一段以晚期成藏为主.结合构造活动特征和生排烃演化史、油气运聚史对油气成藏史进行了分析,明确了油气分布特征、油气藏成因及天然气成因类型,认为滨海斜坡沙一段油气藏分布主要受油源、生烃演化阶段和构造发育配置关系的控制,形成7构造高部位为凝析油气藏、中部位为常规油藏、低部位为凝析气藏的分布特征.     

流体包裹体研究现状

流体包裹体作为研究石油地质的重要工具,对于研究油气的运移、成藏和成熟度具有十分重要的意义,流体包裹体理论研究、包裹体分析技术和方法的改进直接影响着油藏地球化学、成藏动力学的研究,综合分析研究油包裹体的均一温度、盐度和荧光特性等对于更加科学地利用油包裹体测试所提供的各种信息进行油气勘探具有重要地理论和实践意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系超低透砂岩成藏机理研究

鄂尔多斯盆地是我国第二大沉积盆地,油气资源丰富。其中三叠系延长组长6-长8为超低渗透砂岩油藏,根据包裹体。划分油藏成藏期次,在包裹体均一温度分析和成岩序列分析的基础上,明确了石英加大边中的包裹体代表了生排烃高峰期的一次油气的充注。埋藏分析表明,它们均形成于晚侏罗世一早白垩世,为一期成藏,多个充注阶段。     

利津北部东营凹陷成藏特征及成藏规律

本文以层序地层学原理为指导,研究含油气系统的成藏动力系统,有利于对大中型岩性油气藏成藏机理、成藏模式及成藏规律的认识,并将有力地指导该类油藏的勘探。     

浅析成藏年代学的若干定量分析方法

油气藏成藏期的确定对于油气勘探有着重要的指导意义。传统意义上的成藏期分暂方法仅能定性分析油气藏的成藏时间。讨论了油气成藏期的若干定量分析方法,包括油藏地球化学、流俸包裹体测年法、钾——氩测年法、裂变径迹法,以及这些方法在应用过程中存在的问题。     

Collision-Based Ionization: Bridging the Gap between Chemical Ionization and Aerosol Particle Diffusion Charging

In diffusion charging theory, it is assumed that each ion–particle collision leads to the transfer of charge from ion to particle, and that charge transfer will not occur upon collision between a vapor molecule and a charged particle. However, in chemical ionization, charge transfer can occur in two directions—from charge-donating ion to vapor molecule and back from charged vapor molecule to the original charge-donating species. Both aerosol diffusion charging and chemical ionization are collision-based charge transfer processes, and for particles only slightly larger than vapor molecules (aerosol clusters), the line between diffusion charging and chemical ionization becomes blurred. We examined the charge transfer from aerosol clusters (positively charged amino acid clusters) in the ～1.0 nm size range to neutral vapor molecules (trimethylamine) at atmospheric pressure by using a combined experimental and theoretical approach. It was found that for singly charged amino acid cluster ions composed of 1, 2, and 3 amino acid molecules, the rate of charge transfer to trimethylamine vapor molecules was clearly observable, particularly for clusters composed of 1 and 2 molecules. The charge transfer rate for singly charged clusters with 4 or more amino acid molecules was consistently close to 0, indicating that the rate of charge transfer from clusters to vapor molecules is size dependent. The charge transfer rates also varied with cluster's chemical composition. Overall, this study demonstrates that small aerosol clusters (～0.5 nm) can lose charge through collisions with vapor molecules, which is typically not considered in diffusion charging theories.     

油气成藏期研究现状

油气藏成藏期的确定对于油气勘探有着重要的指导意义。本文综述了油气成藏期的定性和定量分析方法,认为综合分析法是今后油气成藏期研究发展的重要方向。     

Development of Rigorous Fatty Acid Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Quantitation Methods in Support of Soybean Oil Improvement

The mature seeds of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) are a valuable source of high‐quality edible lipids and protein. Despite dramatic breeding gains over the past 80 years, soybean oil continues to be oxidatively unstable, due to a high proportion of polyunsaturated triacylglycerols. Until recently, the majority of soybean oil underwent partial chemical hydrogenation. Mounting health concerns over trans fats, however, has increased breeding efforts to introgress mutant and biotechnological genetic alterations of soybean oil composition into high‐yielding lines. As a result, there is an ongoing need to characterize fatty acid composition in a rapid, inexpensive and accurate manner. Gas chromatography is the most commonly used method, but near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) can be calibrated to non‐destructively phenotype various seed compositions accurately and at a high throughput. Here we detail development of NIRS calibrations using intact seeds for every major soybean fatty acid breeding goal over an unprecedented range of oil composition. The NIRS calibrations were shown to be equivalent to destructive chemical analysis, and incorporation into a soybean phenotyping operation has the potential to dramatically reduce cost and accelerate phenotypic analysis.     

浅谈天然气气藏无机成因

油气有机成因说的发展日趋成熟,无机成因说则几经挫折。随着地质勘探的不断深入和资料的不断积累,认为虽然有机成因油气资源占据着主导地位,但也不能排除存在着无机成因的油气资源。通过研究烷烃气和二氧化碳的死亡温度,说明在高温的地球深处有无机成因气存在。对无机成因气形成的构造地质条件、物理化学条件和成藏条件进行了分析,侧重讨论不同于有机成因气的常规控制条件的特殊方面,并对无机成因气和有机成因气的成藏条件作了比较分析。     

R32与新型PVE油的互溶性及其对空调性能的影响

首先自主设计搭建溶油性测试系统,测试获得新型PVE油与R32的两相分离温度曲线,分析其互溶性,接着将R32与POE,R32与PVE两种组合使用至某型号热泵分体式空调,对比研究了R32与新型PVE油配合使用对空调性能的影响。结果表明,在测试含油率范围内,R32与R410A专用POE油的互溶性不理想,分离温度高于R410A与POE组合,而PVE油与R32的互溶性有较大改善,最低分离温度可比R410A与POE低8.4℃;空调性能影响方面,R32配合PVE的使用可降低配合POE使用时排气温度约2.6℃,在制冷量和COP方面也具优势。     

Quantitative determination of phases in the alkali activation of fly ash. Part I. Potential ash reactivity

The various (vitreous and crystalline) components of two type F fly ashes are quantified in this paper using three techniques: chemical analysis with selective solutions, X-ray powder diffraction combined with the Rietveld method and nuclear magnetic resonance. The findings confirm the suitability of the techniques to pursue the objectives while providing further insight into the chemical composition of the vitreous phase of the ash as well as an understanding of the thermal history of these materials. Finally, the paper corroborates the grounds established in prior research for regarding the glassy constituents of an ash to be instrumental in the control of its alkali reactivity during the manufacture of ‘alkaline cements’.     

沙棘油中有效成分和药用成分的研究

利用现代仪器分析法和化学分析方法对沙棘油的主要成分进行了分离和鉴定。通过使用薄层层析、荧光显色和高压液相色谱 (HPLC)等测试手段对分离出的物质进行定性分析 ,结果表明 ,该沙棘油中含有脂肪酸、烃类、萜类、维生素E、甾类、黄酮类等有效组分和药用成分 ;采用紫外分光光度法和化学分析等方法对类胡萝卜素和脂肪酸进行了定量分析 ,测定了类胡萝卜素的含量及籽油中脂肪酸的酸值和皂化值。     

煤基粗油轻质组分定性定量分析现状与展望

煤基粗油是指原煤经各种热化学反应、化工过程加工处理后得到的初级液体产物,包括煤焦油、煤直接液化油和煤间接液化油等。以生产过程全流程物料衡算为约束条件,对煤基粗油全组分组成的准确定性定量分析,不仅可以全面掌握煤基粗油的组成组分性质,而且可实现对煤基粗油的进一步精准加工、提质生产。但由于煤基粗油组分组成的复杂性,不仅难以实现进样组分及分析结果之间的物料衡算,而且也不能最大程度地实现对所有组分的组成及含量的准确分析,至今尚未见到对此内容相关文献资料报道,也没有相应分析方法的国家或行业标准。因此,以物料衡算为约束,建立全面、系统的分析方法,对煤基粗油进行精准定性定量分析是目前亟需解决的问题。本文指出利用气相色谱与红外光谱联用、液相色谱分离后与紫外光谱、同步荧光光谱联用等光谱分析法可快速获得煤基粗油族组分含量的测定,或是对煤基粗油性质做定性的描述;核磁共振波谱法可实现酚类化合物准确的定性、定量;化学分析法仅适合于煤基粗油具体成分的定性定量分析;红外光谱、核磁共振波谱、凝胶渗透色谱和元素分析结合可系统分析与表征煤基粗油及其组分,得到一些重要的物质结构参数信息;色谱分析法可通过色谱的分离功能使复杂混合物分离,并利用各种检测器工作原理的不同来实现定性和定量。其中定性主要采用质谱仪、光谱仪、核磁共振波谱仪等;定量的方法有归一化法、内标法、外标法、响应因子预测法。针对煤基粗油轻质组分（沸点＜350℃）组成的定性定量,气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）技术为此分析过程提供了可能,本文提出并推导了火焰离子化检测仪（FID）响应因子预测公式,将该公式与面积归一化法联用建立FID定量方法体系,加标回收实验（回收率为99.07%,质量分数）表明该方法体系准确、有效,可以被广泛应用于复杂有机混合物的定量分析中,并指出煤基粗油轻质组分定性定量分析过程中的关键在于对复杂混合物中各组分响应因子的准确获得。     

Relating Complex Fluid Composition and Thermophysical Properties with the Advanced Distillation Curve Approach

Complex fluids have long posed a significant challenge in our ability to characterize and model fluid properties. Here, we consider complex fluids to be mixtures with many components that can differ significantly in polarity and polarizability. The penultimate complex fluid is crude oil, although many other fluids such as finished fuels are also highly complex. We have recently introduced a measurement strategy that can simplify these efforts and provides the added potential of linking chemical composition (i.e. analytical) information with physical property information. In addition to chemical characterization, the approach provides the ability to calculate thermodynamic and transport properties for such complex heterogeneous streams. The technique is based on the advanced distillation curve (ADC) metrology, which separates a complex fluid by distillation into fractions that are sampled, and for which thermodynamically consistent temperatures are measured at atmospheric pressure. The collected sample fractions can be analyzed by any method that is appropriate. Analytical methods we have applied include gas chromatography (with flame ionization, mass spectrometric and sulfur chemiluminescence detection), thin‐layer chromatography, FTIR, Karl Fischer coulombic titrimetry, refractometry, corrosivity analysis, neutron activation analysis and cold neutron prompt gamma activation analysis. We have applied this method on product streams such as finished fuels (gasoline, diesel fuels, aviation fuels, rocket propellants), crude oils (including a crude oil made from swine manure) and waste oil streams (used automotive and transformer oils). In this review, we describe the essential features of the ADC metrology with illustrative examples.     

油气集输过程中含油污泥减量化

集输过程中的含油污泥具有成分复杂、含液率高、乳化胶结稳定等特性，占油田危险废物新增量的约60%，是污染防治的重点。近年来，学者们开展了大量“调质-固液分离”减量化技术降低其环境风险和处置成本，但仍存在需要针对含油污泥不同来源优选相匹配的减量化调质方法和装置的难题。为此，本文回顾了氧化、破乳、絮凝、干化/半干、超声波、微波等化学与物理调质方法，离心机、叠螺机、压滤机3种固液分离装置研究进展，通过分别对各种调质方法及装置的对比分析，重点阐述了其作用机理、优缺点、适用对象。其中化学调质方法中破乳氧化、加酸更适用于高含聚油泥；表面活性剂破乳需加热，可与超声波相结合；有机和无机絮凝剂配合可提高罐底泥中油回收效果；干化/半干化法受经济效益制约。在文献基础上，认为未来应加强生物表面活性剂、生物电化学系统、椭圆叠螺机、基于固液分离装置数值模型基础上的设计与优化软件、多学科相结合的减量化耦合技术研究。