藕片水焯工艺优化

以新鲜莲藕为试验材料,对水、乙酸溶液、食盐溶液和碳酸氢钠溶液等4种水焯介质进行探讨;通过单因素试验和Box-Behnken设计及响应面分析法,对藕片水焯的最佳工艺条件进行研究。结果表明：乙酸可作为藕片的水焯介质;藕片水焯的最佳工艺条件为乙酸体积分数0.35%、温度68.4℃、时间2.4min,在该条件下藕片中VC含量为30.185mg/100g,干物质溶出率为5.384%,藕片食用品质可达到较高水平。响应面方差分析结果显示,乙酸体积分数、温度和水焯时间对水焯藕片VC含量有显著影响(P＜0.01),乙酸体积分数和温度、温度和时间的交互作用对水焯藕片VC含量影响显著(P＜0.05)。     

酸性食品模拟物对金属罐甲醛迁移的适用性研究

建立食品模拟物中甲醛的迁移量和真实食品中甲醛含量的HPLC测定方法，调查了60℃、10 d迁移条件下4%(体积分数)乙酸对涂层金属罐的腐蚀情况。以环氧涂层中典型的挥发性物质甲醛为研究对象，研究了6种食品模拟物模拟21种金属罐装酸性食品的适用性。结果表明，在模拟食品长期贮存条件(60℃,10 d)下，19%的金属罐灌装乙酸溶液后发生了腐蚀；对于发生乙酸腐蚀的空罐样品，建议采用5 g/L柠檬酸作为此类产品用空罐中甲醛迁移量的食品模拟物。对于未发生乙酸溶液腐蚀的空罐样品，采用3 g/L与5 g/L柠檬酸及10%(体积分数)乙醇作为食品模拟物会导致超过80%的酸性罐装食品中甲醛含量的低估，此时推荐4%(体积分数)乙酸作为此类产品用空罐的甲醛迁移量测试的食品模拟物。     

荧光法测定桑叶中槲皮素含量的优化

为了探究桑叶中槲皮素含量的测定方法,应用荧光分光光度法进行了实验研究,分析了相应的实验操作参数。以槲皮素标准品为对照,分别研究了乙醇体积分数、静置时间、静置温度、质量浓度5%硝酸铝溶液的加入量和pH值对槲皮素荧光强度的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,利用三因素三水平响应面实验设计对各影响因素的显著性及其交互作用进行了优化分析。研究表明,最佳测定条件为：乙醇体积分数为100%、静置时间为60 min、静置温度为13 ℃。在此条件下测得桑叶中槲皮素的含量为（41.92±0.11）mg/g,相对标准偏差为0.34%。建立槲皮素标准曲线的回归方程为 y=240.14x+7.0952,相关系数R2为0.9950,线性范围在0~1.5×10-2 mg/mL之间良好,适合桑叶中槲皮素含量的测定。     

乙酸脱除天然竹纤维木质素的研究

以慈竹为研究对象,对常压下乙酸脱除天然竹纤维中的木质素进行了探讨。以反应温度、乙酸体积分数、催化剂硫酸体积分数和反应时间为单因子,考察这些因素对天然竹纤维木质素脱除率的影响。结果表明:影响因素从大到小依次为反应温度、催化剂硫酸体积分数、乙酸体积分数和反应时间。正交试验结果表明,乙酸在脱除天然竹纤维木质素的过程中也脱除了部分半纤维素和纤维素。结合木质素脱除率、半纤维脱除率和纤维素脱除率,得到了最佳工艺条件,即90℃,乙酸体积分数88%,硫酸体积分数0.3%,反应时间3 h,在该条件下木质素的脱除率达到55.84%。     

高效液相色谱法测定食品中的叶酸

在食品样品中加入体积分数 60 %高氯酸溶液去蛋白 ,过滤后进样检测叶酸。流动相选用pH 3 .5 ,体积分数 12 %的乙腈 ,浓度 5 0mmol/L的KH2 PO4溶液。流速为 1mL/min ,经ODSC 18柱分离 (柱温为 40℃ ) ,用质量分数 0 .5 %的过二硫酸钾溶液作柱后衍生剂 ,流速为 0 .3mL/min ,柱后反应温度为 60℃ ,经荧光检测器 (Ex :3 65nm ,Em :45 0nm)检测定量。实验结果表明 ,在 0 0 1～3 2 μg/mL的浓度范围内 ,线性良好 ,相关系数为 0 .9999;最低检出浓度为 0 .0 1μg/mL ;方法回收率为 98.1% ;变异系数为 2 3 %。     

不同PE和PA保鲜膜对白灵菇冷藏效果的影响

研究不同保鲜膜对白灵菇(Pleurotus nebrodensis)贮藏品质的影响,以微孔和不同厚度的聚乙烯(PE)保鲜膜以及打孔聚酰胺(PA)保鲜膜对白灵菇进行单菇包装后,在0℃冷藏60d。每隔15d进行感官评价、测定各包装袋内O2和CO2体积分数、果肉营养物质(VC、可溶性蛋白)含量、PPO活性及总酚含量。结果表明：白灵菇贮藏在0℃、RH 60%～70%、20% CO2体积分数和4% O2体积分数条件下贮藏60d后,具有较好的感官品质和较高的营养物质的含量(VC含量为2.7mg/g;可溶性蛋白含量为0.87mg/g)。     

聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯饮料瓶食品级循环再生料中锑的迁移行为

该研究探究聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene terephthalate, PET)饮料瓶和再生食品级再生聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(regenerated polyethylene terephthalate, rPET)切片中锑迁移情况,及食品模拟液、温度对PET饮料瓶和rPET切片中锑迁移行为的影响。将PET饮料瓶和rPET切片样品在4%(体积分数)乙酸、10%(体积分数)和20%(体积分数)乙醇食品模拟液中完全浸泡,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)对PET饮料瓶和rPET切片中的锑进行定量分析。通过实验迁移量与迁移模型预测曲线拟合,分析不同食品模拟液和温度对迁移扩散系数的影响。结果表明,在60℃且达到迁移平衡时,rPET切片较PET饮料瓶中锑向不同食品模拟液中的迁移量均增加;对比3种食品模拟液,PET饮料瓶和rPET切片中锑向4%乙酸食品模拟液中扩散系数更高;在不同温度下,PET饮料瓶中锑向4%乙酸中迁移的实验测定值与迁移模型预测曲线拟合效果良好(拟合度达0.9以上),温...     

气调包装对大菱鲆的冷藏保鲜效果

以大菱鲆为研究对象,通过不同气调包装（60% CO2＋5% O2＋35% N2、60% CO2＋30% O2＋10% N2、40% CO2＋30% O2＋30% N2）进行处理,测定其感官、菌落总数、pH值、挥发性盐基氮（TVB-N）值、硫代巴比妥酸（TBA）值、汁液流失率等指标变化,综合评价气调包装对冷藏大菱鲆的保鲜效果。结果表明：空气包装组大菱鲆冷藏货架期为4 d,60% CO2＋5% O2＋35% N2气调包装组的保鲜效果最佳,货架期约为8 d;气调包装中高体积分数的CO2抑菌效果较为明显,能有效延缓pH值、菌落总数与TVB-N值的升高,但较高含量的CO2会导致鱼肉汁液流失较为严重;在鱼肉脂肪氧化方面,O2较CO2作用更大,高含量的O2对脂肪氧化具有一定促进作用;60% CO2＋5% O2＋35% N2气调包装组冷藏贮存8 d,大菱鲆的菌落总数为6.69（lg（CFU/g））,TVB-N值为11.99 mg/100 g,TBA值为2.34 mg/100 g。总体结果表明,气调包装能显著延长冷藏大菱鲆货架期,具有良好的保鲜抑菌作用。     

聚碳酸酯中双酚A向乙醇溶液中迁移规律和扩散系数研究

选取聚碳酸酯塑料为研究对象,分析双酚A单体在不同体积分数乙醇溶液中溶出情况,考察其在75、60、40、20 ℃下的迁移行为,在此基础上,计算相应的扩散系数,并对材料基体特征参数Ap值进行估算。结果表明：在相同的加热时间和温度下,乙醇体积分数越高双酚A的迁移率越大;相同体积分数乙醇溶液中,双酚A迁移率随着接触时间的延长、接触温度的升高而增加;双酚A向溶液中的扩散系数（DP）大小依次为95%乙醇＞65%乙醇＞15%乙醇＞蒸馏水,根据DP从而估算聚碳酸酯的基体特征参数Ap值范围为－1.02～7.54。     

葵花籽粕中绿原酸分离及含量分析

本文通过研究以聚酰胺薄膜为固定相、体积分数为36％的乙酸溶液为流动相,确定薄层色谱分离测定葵花籽粕中绿原酸的方法。该方法容易操作,准确度和灵敏度高,为葵花籽粕中绿原酸的测定提供了理论依据。     

TBARs distillation method: Revision to minimize the interference from yellow pigments in meat products

The aim was to study the effect of the incubation method and TBA reagent (concentration/solvent) on yellow pigment interference in meat products. Distillates from red sausage, sucrose, malondialdehyde and a mixture of sucrose–malondialdehyde were reacted with four different TBA solutions at five different temperature/time relations. Two TBA solutions were prepared at 20 mM using 90% glacial acetic acid or 3.86% perchloric acid. In addition, an 80 mM TBA solution was prepared using distilled water adjusted to pH 4 and another using 0.8% TBA in distilled water. The temperature/time relations were: (1) 35 min in a boiling water bath; (2) 70 °C/30 min; (3) 40 °C/90 min; (4) room temperature (r.t.) (24 °C) in dark conditions for 20 h; and (5) 60 min in a boiling water bath. The results showed that aqueous or diluted acid solutions of TBA reagent and the application of 100 °C for less than 1 h provided the best conditions to minimize the presence of yellow pigments and maximize pink pigment formation in meat products.     

豆角总皂苷提取工艺的研究

豆角中含有一种重要成分——皂苷,它是引起食物中毒的重要因素之一,因此研究皂苷的含量对于食品安全具有一定的意义。文中以豆角总皂苷含量为考察指标,采用水浴振荡法进行提取。研究了提取溶剂浓度、提取温度、固液比、提取时间、提取次数等因素对总皂苷含量的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,通过正交实验,确定了豆角总皂苷提取的最佳工艺条件为提取温度60℃,固液比(g∶mL)1∶12,乙醇体积分数70%,,提取时间3h。采用libermann-burchard反应和泡沫试验进行定性。选取香草醛-高氯酸作为显色剂,冰醋酸为溶剂。其显色反应最佳条件为:质量分数5%的香草醛-冰乙酸溶液,高氯酸用量0.8mL,加热温度60℃,反应时间为25min。     

TBA test by an extractive method applied to 'paté'

The aim of this work was to study the influence of different conditions on the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test, determined by the extractive method, as a measure of lipid oxidation in 'paté'. Different extracting agents (trichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid in 2 M phosphoric acid), different concentrations of these acids (10, 15 and 20%), different reaction times and temperatures (35 min at 100 °C and 900 min at room temperature) and the effect of sulfanilamide additions were evaluated. All the samples were measured by HP 8451A Diode ARRAY spectrophotometer at 532 nm. Significant differences between 35 and 900 min of MA-TBA reaction time were found. Highest TBA numbers were found in samples with a reaction time of 35 min in a thermostatically controlled waterbath at 100 °C, rather than 900 min at room temperature. Lowest TBA numbers were found in samples with the addition of sulfanilamide rather than without it. The 10% TCA solution gave the best recovery percentages for 'paté', making it the preferred extractant.     

Factors Affecting the Palatability and Shelf Life of Precooked, Microwave-Reheated Beef Roasts

Beef infraspinatus roasts were used to determine the effects of phosphate injection and acetic acid treatment on precooked microwave-reheated beef roasts. Treatments consisted of roasts pumped 10% of their weight with water, water containing 4.75% tripolyphosphate, water containing 4.75% tripolyphosphate and 10% NaCl, and roasts with no added water. After cooking, roasts were halved, and one half of each roast was dipped in 3% acetic acid before vacuum-packaged, refrigerated storage. Results showed roasts that contained both salt and phosphate had the lowest cooking losses, TBA numbers, Warner-Bratzler Shear values, and were rated by sensory panelists as the most palatable. Treatment with acetic acid significantly (P<0.05) lowered bacterial counts without adversely affecting sensory qualities of the precooked microwave-reheated beef roasts.     

SBA-15负载三氯化铝催化合成乙酸环己酯

以SBA-15负载三氯化铝为催化剂,乙酸和环己醇为原料合成乙酸环己酯,考察了三氯化铝用量、酸醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间、带水剂用量诸多因素对反应的影响以及催化剂的重复使用性能。同时建立了该反应的动力学模型,获得了相关动力学参数。实验结果表明:SBA-15负载三氯化铝有较好的催化选择性和催化活性,催化剂经重复使用五次后,酯化率仍保持在90%以上,能重复使用;以乙酸0.2mol为基准,其适宜的反应条件为:三氯化铝用量10%,乙酸与环己醇的摩尔比1.6:1,催化剂用量0.6g,带水剂环己烷10mL,在回流温度下反应90min,酯化率可达95.8%;反应表观活化能为60.27kJ/mol,相应的动力学方程表示为-dCA/dt=7.39×106exp(-7249.3/T)CACB。     

Antioxidative Activity of Maillard Reaction Products in Cooked Ground Beef, Sensory and TBA Values

Maillard reaction products (MRPs) obtained by autoclaving egg albumin acid hydrolysate and glucose for 1 hr were added to ground beef which was cooked and stored at 4°C for 8 days. The antioxidative activity of MRPs was investigated by a trained sensory panel and the TBA test. The panel evaluated samples for loss of desirable cooked beef notes and generation of off-flavors, such as cardboard and painty. With added 1% MRPs, painty aroma and flavor scores were low and did not (p > 0.05) change over time. The coefficients of determination were high (r²= 0.92 to 0.77, p < 0.0001) between aroma and flavor scores for any two similar attributes. The TBA values decreased by 17% with the addition of 0.5% MRP and by 39% with 1% MRP over time.     

苎麻纤维的乙酸水解工艺研究

首先对苎麻纤维进行2种不同的预处理,然后用乙酸对预处理后的苎麻纤维水解,通过单因子实验和正交试验设计获得水解优化工艺.结果表明,苎麻纤维采用剪碎的预处理方式可提高水解率,水解时浴比的影响最大,其次为乙酸浓度、处理时间及温度,最佳工艺条件为:乙酸浓度30％、温度30℃、时间1h、浴比1∶60,此时水解率可达到25.55％.     

Chemical quality and sensory attributes of marinated Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) during vacuum-packaged storage at 4 °C

This study was carried out to evaluate the chemical changes and sensory attributes of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira), brined (12% NaCl brine solution) or marinated (12% NaCl + 2% acetic acid; or 12% NaCl + 3% acetic acid solutions) followed by vacuum-packaging and storage at 4 °C for 90 days. The chemical analysis revealed a significant reduction in the pH value, total volatile bases nitrogen (TVBN), and trimethylamine (TMA) contents in marinated versus brined fillets. Lipid oxidation, as indicated by the 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values, was significantly delayed in marinated fillets in comparison with the brined fillets. The growth rate of psychrotrophic bacteria was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in marinated versus brined fillets. No significant differences were detected for the sensory attributes between the two marinating conditions although the overall acceptability was significantly higher in marinated versus brined fish. Both conditions of the marinating process resulted in an extension of the shelf life of the product to more than 90 days versus only 60 days for the control brined fillets. The study concluded that marination of Pacific saury can delay the undesirable chemical changes, retard lipid oxidation, improve the sensory attributes and extend the shelf life of the product during refrigerated storage.     

糖化过程降低啤酒反-2-壬烯醛的工艺优化研究

为了研究啤酒生产中麦芽脂肪氧化酶活力、大米脂肪酸含量和麦汁回旋沉淀时间对啤酒老化程度的影响,采用固相微萃取-气质联用法(SPME-GC-MS),对不同麦芽脂肪氧化酶活力和大米脂肪酸含量的麦汁中反-2-壬烯醛前体物质（T2N-P）及硫代巴比妥酸（TBA）值进行了比较分析,并将二者与回旋沉淀时间进行了正交试验。结果表明：三个品种麦芽的脂肪氧化酶活力与麦汁T2N-P和TBA值呈显著正相关（P＜0.01）,相关系数R2≥0.995,随着大米脂肪酸含量的增加,T2N-P和TBA值也都有不同程度的增加,正交试验结果显示,麦芽脂肪氧化酶活力是影响T2N-P最重要的因素,回旋沉淀时间次之,大米脂肪酸含量影响最小。优化后的啤酒T2N-P和TBA值分别降低了23.25%和29.32%,酯香、协调感、综合评分和各批次产品的质量稳定性均较优化前大幅增加。