改性剂对废弃玻璃钢/聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响

实验采用熔融共混-模压法制备了废弃玻璃钢(WGFRP)/聚丙烯(PP)复合材料。研究了硅烷偶联剂KH550表面改性WGFRP、改性聚丙烯(MAPP)添加量以及乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)的使用对WGFRP/PP复合材料性能的影响。实验结果表明,KH-550表面改性WGFRP能使复合材料性能小幅度提高,MAPP可使复合材料的拉伸和弯曲强度分别提高28.63%、20.13%,添加POE后,复合材料的断裂伸长率和冲击强度增幅分别达到152.36%、45.43%。扫描电镜图片显示,多种改性剂的加入有效改善了WGFRP和PP的界面粘合程度,宏观表现为复合材料性能提高。     

聚丙烯／木粉复合材料的加工成型及其力学性能研究

采用混炼工艺制备了聚丙烯／木粉复合材料（WPC）。研究了木粉、界面增溶剂-马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（MAPP）的用量对WPC力学性能的影响。采用红外光谱仪对PP、MAPP、木粉及WPC的结构进行了表征和分析。结果表明，聚丙烯中加入木粉后，复合材料的拉伸强度及弯曲强度均比纯PP的要低，拉伸模量和弯曲模量逐渐升高，但复合材料的拉伸断裂伸长率随木粉用量的增加而逐渐下降。随着MAPP用量的增加，木粉用量较低（10％、20％）的WPC的拉伸强度和弯曲强度均先增加，然后逐渐减少，而木粉用量较高的WPC的强度值却在不断增高。当MAPP的质量分数为2％-4％时，复合材料的冲击强度值一般达到最高。红外谱图研究表明，偶联剂的加入可以把木纤维中的羟基酯化，改善木塑界面之间的相容性。     

PP/核桃壳粉复合材料的制备与性能研究

以核桃壳粉(WSP)为填料,采用熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/WSP复合材料。研究了聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)界面相容剂、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)弹性体等对PP/WSP复合材料力学性能和热稳定性的影响。结果表明:PP-g-MAH界面相容剂能够改善WSP与PP的界面相容性,增强界面黏结强度,提高复合材料的力学性能,添加7%的PP-g-MAH可以使WSP用量为50%的PP/WSP复合材料的拉伸强度提高49.5%,弯曲强度提高52.9%;而添加EPDM弹性体的PP/WSP复合材料的韧性显著改善。WSP对聚合物基体的热稳定性有一定促进作用。     

聚丙烯/秸秆粉木塑复合材料的辐射改性及其结构与性能研究

在聚丙烯/秸秆粉(PP/CSF)复合材料加工过程中,以多官能团单体三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TMPTMA)为辐射敏化剂,研究电子束敏化辐射对PP/CSF复合材料力学性能、吸水性能、热性能和断面微结构的影响,并对电子束敏化辐射改性PP/CSF复合材料的机理进行了初步探索。结果表明:电子束敏化辐射能够改善PP/CSF复合材料的力学性能、吸水性能、热稳定性能和界面相容性。当TMPTMA用量为8%、辐射剂量为100 kGy时,PP/CSF复合材料界面相容性良好,热稳定性提高,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度分别提高了79%、93%和15%,吸水率降低了45%。电子束敏化辐射诱导PP/CSF复合材料发生的接枝支化和交联反应成功解决了亲水性CSF与疏水性PP之间不相容的问题,制备出综合性能优异的PP/CSF复合材料,具有广阔的应用前景。     

废旧聚丙烯/废弃印刷线路板非金属粉复合材料的制备及性能

采用挤出注塑法以废旧聚丙烯（WPP）为基体、废弃线路板非金属粉（WPCBN）为填料制备了复合材料。考察了WPCBN对材料阻燃性能及力学性能的影响。通过红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜分析研究了WPCBN改性前后官能团结构及复合材料冲击断面形貌的差异,以探讨硅烷偶联剂（KH550）、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（MAPP）对WPP/WPCBN界面相容性改善及复合材料力学性能提高的作用机理。结果表明,WPCBN超过10 phr后复合材料具有自熄性;经1.5 phr KH550改性后,WPCBN与WPP间的界面黏结力增强,复合材料拉伸、弯曲及冲击强度分别提高6.5%、6.25%和17.9%;m（WPP）：m（WPCBN）：m（MAPP）为100：30：9时,复合材料的拉伸、弯曲强度增幅最大,分别为37.5%和48.8%;WPP/WPCBN与新聚丙烯（NPP）/WPCBN复合材料相比,拉伸、弯曲强度仅降低16.8%、20.4%。     

聚丙烯/碳酸钙复合材料改性研究

进行了碳酸钙对聚丙烯(PP)的填充改性研究,结果表明:随1%(质量分数)钛酸酯偶联剂表面处理的碳酸钙用量增加,PP/碳酸钙复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量等逐渐增加,碳酸钙质量分数为20%时,得到了综合性能较好的PP/碳酸钙复合材料;随聚烯烃弹性体(POE)用量增加,PP/碳酸钙/POE复合材料的冲击强度逐渐增加,而拉伸强度、弯曲模量均逐渐降低,5份POE使复合材料达到较好的刚性和韧性的平衡;1份表面光亮剂能使PP/碳酸钙复合材料达到较好的表面光亮度.     

PP/POE共混体系及PP/POE/Nano-CaCO_3复合体系力学性能的研究

应用双螺杆挤出机制备了聚丙烯(PP)/聚烯烃弹性体(POE)共混体系和PP/POE/纳米碳酸钙(nano-CaCO3)复合体系,研究了POE用量及nano-CaCO3对PP冲击性能、拉伸性能及弯曲性能的影响。结果表明,随着POE用量的增加,PP/POE共混体系及PP/POE/nano-CaCO3复合体系的冲击强度明显增加;拉伸强度及拉伸模量、弯曲强度及弯曲模量均减小;断裂伸长率及断裂强度亦减小。此外,与PP/POE共混体系相比,PP/POE/nano-CaCO3复合体系的冲击强度、拉伸强度及拉伸模量、弯曲强度及弯曲模量均优于PP/POE共混体系。     

PP-g-MAH增容改性木粉/PP复合材料的性能研究

以马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯 (PP-g-MAH) 为相容剂,聚丙烯 (PP) 为基体,通过熔融共混法制备了木粉/PP复合材料。研究了 PP-g-MAH 用量对复合材料力学性能及吸水性能的影响; 采用扫描电镜 (SEM) 观察了复合体系的冲击断面形貌。结果表明: 当 PP-g-MAH 的质量分数为 4%时,可以提高添加 35 份木粉复合材料体系的拉伸强度及弯曲强度,比未添加相容剂的分别提高了 49.4%和 16%,而缺口冲击强度仅下降了 9%。SEM 观察证实: PP-g-MAH 的加入有利于提高木粉与 PP 基体的界面相互作用。从吸水率来看,木粉/PP 复合材料的吸水率保持在 0.22% 以下,远低于纯木材。     

三元乙丙橡胶硫化胶粉改性聚丙烯的研究

采用三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）与EPDM硫化胶粉复合作为聚丙烯（PP）抗冲改性剂,研究了EPDM硫化胶粉和交联剂DCP用量对PP复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,PP复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度随着硫化胶粉含量的增加而提高,冲击强度明显改善;而DCP用量增加对PP复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度产生不利影响,少量DCP有助于提高PP复合材料的冲击强度;由DSC分析可知,硫化胶粉使PP熔体的结晶温度明显提高。     

回收聚丙烯/废书刊纸纤维复合材料结构与力学性能的研究

以废书刊纸纤维(OMGF)和回收聚丙烯(PP)为原料,马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(MAPP)为相容剂,采用热压成型法制备了PP/OMGF木塑复合材料。研究了OMGF含量对复合材料拉伸性能及弯曲性能的影响,并采用红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜分析了OMGF的结构及复合材料的拉伸断面形貌。结果表明,OMGF对PP基体具有一定的增强作用,当OMGF含量为30%时,复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别达到最大值29.53MPa和33.67MPa,比回收PP分别提高了51.6%和31.7%;随着OMGF含量的增加,复合材料的断裂伸长率逐渐下降,弯曲模量逐渐上升。扫描电子显微镜分析显示,当OMGF含量较低时,其与PP基体之间具有良好的界面相容性;当OMGF含量增加到50%时,界面相容性明显下降。     

Silica‐filled polypropylene composites: The effect of ethylene diamine dilaurate and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene on mechanical properties,water absorption,morphology, and thermal properties

The effect of two compatibilizers, i.e. ethylene diamine dilaurate (EDD) and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) on the mechanical properties, water absorption, morphology, and thermal properties of silica‐filled polypropylene (PP/Sil) composites were studied. The results show that the tensile, impact and flexural strengths (up to 2 php), Young's modulus, and elongation at break (Eb) increased with increasing EDD content. However, increasing MAPP content increases the tensile strength, Young's modulus, impact and flexural strengths, and water absorption resistance. At a similar compatibilizer content, EDD exhibits higher Eb, impact and flexural strengths but lowers tensile strength, Young's modulus, and water absorption resistance compared with MAPP. Scanning electron microscopy study of tensile fractured surfaces exhibits the evidence of better silica‐PP adhesion with MAPP and EDD compared with the similar composites but without compatibilizer. Fourier transform infra red spectra provide an evidence of interaction between EDD or MAPP with PP/Sil composites. Termogravimetry analysis results indicate that the addition of EDD or MAPP slightly increases the thermal stability of PP/Sil composites. Differential scanning calorimetry also indicates that PP/Sil composites with EDD or MAPP have higher heat fusion (ΔH_f(com)) and crystallinity (X_com) than similar composites but without compatibilizer. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Morphological,mechanical, and physical properties of composites made with wood flour‐reinforced polypropylene/recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends

Wood flour (WF)‐filled composites based on a polypropylene (PP)/recycled polyethylene terephthalate (r‐PET) matrix were prepared using two‐step extrusion. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was added to improve the compatibility between polymer matrices and WF. The effects of filler and MAPP compatibilization on the water absorption, mechanical properties, and morphological features of PP/r‐PET/WF composites were investigated. The addition of MAPP significantly improved mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, tensile modulus, and flexural modulus compared with uncompatibilized composites, but decreased elongation at break. Scanning electron microscopic images of fracture surface specimens revealed better interfacial interaction between WF and polymer matrix for MAPP‐compatibilized PP/r‐PET/WF composites. MAPP‐compatibilized PP/r‐PET/WF composites also showed reduced water absorption due to improved interfacial bonding, which limited the amount of absorbable water molecules. These results indicated that MAPP acts as an effective compatibilizer in PP/r‐PET/WF composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:1749–1755, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Effect of hybridization and compatibilization on the mechanical properties of recycled polypropylene‐hemp composites

Hemp fibers and particles, with different sizes and contents, were used to make hybrid composites based on recycled polypropylene (PP). In particular, the effect of maleated polypropylene (MAPP) addition on the morphology and mechanical properties is reported. The results show that better adhesion is obtained with MAPP addition. In general, fiber content and size had a substantial effect on the tensile, flexural, torsion, and impact properties of the resulting composites. Although, adding MAPP to the samples improved the impact strength of the composites, the values were always lower than neat PP. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Effect of stacking sequence on mechanical properties of hybrid flax/jute fibers reinforced thermoplastic composites

In this study, the hybrid composites were prepared by stacking jute/PP nonwoven and flax/MAPP woven fabrics in defined sequences. Polypropylene (PP) and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) were used as matrix materials. Jute and flax fibers were treated with alkali solution in order to improve the interface properties of the resultant composites. The mechanical properties of these hybrid composites were analyzed by means of tensile, flexural, and drop‐weight impact tests. The effect of fabric stacking sequence on the mechanical properties of the composites was investigated. The stacking of nonwovens at the top and in alternate layers has resulted in maximum flexural strength, flexural stiffness, and impact force. It was also shown that hybrid composites have improved tensile, flexural, and impact properties in comparison to neat PP matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:2167–2173, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

聚磷酸铵与次磷酸铝的共微胶囊制备及其在阻燃聚丙烯中的应用

以三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂（MF）为囊材、聚磷酸铵（APP）和次磷酸铝（AHP）为芯材，制备出共微胶囊化阻燃剂M（A-A）。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜及溶解度测试等方法来表征MF的包覆效果；采用垂直燃烧测定仪、极限氧指数仪和锥形量热仪等设备考察M（A-A）对聚丙烯（PP）的阻燃效果；通过冲击和拉伸实验对复合材料的力学性能进行表征。结果表明，MF树脂成功包覆并有效提高了A-A的耐水性能；添加相同质量的M（A-A）和A-A，前者明显降低热释放速率（R_HRR）和总热释放量（H_THR），对PP的阻燃效果更好。添加阻燃剂后，复合材料的冲击强度先提高后降低，经过微胶囊化处理的阻燃剂对材料的拉伸性能损伤更小。     

软木纤维增强PP复合材料的研究

采用软木纤维作为增强材料提高聚丙烯性能。为了改善软木纤维和聚丙烯母体之间的相容性,用马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(MAPP)对软木纤维进行接枝处理,用MAPP或用三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)对软木纤维进行改性处理。结果表明,与未经处理木纤维的复合材料相比,三种处理方法都使复合材料的热性能、加工性能和力学性能有了较大的提高。用MAPP接枝和用MAPP表面处理木纤维的方法比用EPDM表面处理木纤维的方法在提高复合材料热性能、加工流动性和拉伸强度方面更为显著。用EPDM表面处理木纤维在改善复合材料的冲击强度、断裂伸长率上更明显。此外,木纤维在复合材料中的浓度对复合材料其它性能的影响,以及MAPP接枝木纤维和MAPP处理木纤维的不同实验结果也进行了评价。     

PP/PCL/石墨/碳纳米管复合材料的制备及电性能分析

采用熔融共混法制备了石墨（G）、碳纳米管（CNTs）与聚丙烯（PP）、聚己内酯（PCL）导电复合材料，通过改变G的添加量制备了系列导电复合材料。主要测试了熔体流动速率、力学性能、导电性能、电热性能，并进行了电子显微镜观察结构、差示扫描量热法分析、热失重分析。结果表明，PCL与PP混合后，PP的拉伸强度提升了4.375 MPa，在加入G/CNTs之后，力学性能受影响较大下降了约73.5 %；G/CNTs的加入还能有效降低PP的电阻率，使其从绝缘体变为半导体材料电阻率为7.83×10⁶ Ω·m；PP与PCL共混后复合材料的热稳定性得到了显著提高，初始分解温度从368.88 ℃升高至398.95 ℃，在加入G/CNTs管后又进一步提高至408.78 ℃。     

纳米Si3N4／PP复合材料的力学性能研究

研究了纳米氮化硅（Si3N4）粒子对其填充的聚丙烯（PP）力学性能的影响,结果发现纳米Si3N4/PP复合材料的力学性能表现出了许多与常规纳米粒子改性PP的不同之处。复合材料的拉伸强度随纳米Si3N4粒子含量增加而基本呈直线上升趋势,而冲击强度变化不大,纳米Si3N。粒子对PP并无明显增韧效果;少量（5％）纳米Si3N4粒子便能显著提高复合材料弯曲强度。     

Impact modification of polypropylene‐based composites using surface‐coated waste rubber crumbs

Blends of maleated polypropylene (MAPP) with high contents of waste rubber powder, namely ground tire rubber and waste ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) powder, were used as impact modifiers for polypropylene (PP) based composites with different reinforcements (hemp, talc, and milled glass fiber). Adding reinforcements led to increase in modulus (tensile, flexural, and torsion moduli) of PP, while its impact strength decreased noticeably. Impact modification of PP‐based composites was successfully performed via inclusion of MAPP/waste rubber compounds, especially compounds containing waste EPDM powder. Inclusion of such impact modifiers increased impact strength of composites over 80%. The effects of impact modification were more significant for hemp‐ and glass‐filled composites compared to composites containing talc. However, slight decrease in tensile, flexural, and torsion moduli (up to 30%) of the composites was also observed after inclusion of impact modifiers. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:2280–2289, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers