O_3/H_2O_2工艺去除饮用水中2-MIB的效能与机制

以2-甲基异莰醇(MIB)为嗅味物质的代表物,采用过氧化氢/臭氧氧化(O3/H2O2)工艺去除水中嗅味物质,考察了O3/H2O2工艺对水中2-MIB的去除效能与主导作用机制。研究表明,投加H2O2显著提高了单独O3氧化对2-MIB的去除效能,H2O2与O3最佳物质的量比为0.3∶1,且2-MIB去除效果随pH值的升高而升高。叔丁醇对2-MIB的去除表现出显著的抑制作用,在O3氧化2-MIB过程中,除O3分子氧化2-MIB外,O3在水中自分解产生的强氧化性的羟基自由基(HO.)也具有协同氧化作用。不同浓度的天然有机物(NOM)对2-MIB去除效果的影响不同,较低浓度的NOM促进了2-MIB的去除,但随着其浓度的升高,2-MIB去除率明显降低。O3/H2O2工艺对水中2-MIB表现出良好的去除效果,是强化去除水中2-MIB等致臭微量有机物的重要工艺。     

臭氧氧化去除水中致嗅物质的研究

以典型的致嗅物质二甲基异茨醇(2-MIB)为代表,考察了臭氧氧化工艺去除水体嗅味的效能.试验结果表明:臭氧投量为1.5 mg/L时,蒸馏水和自来水中2-MIB的氧化降解率分别为57.3%和54.2%.水中臭氧浓度和pH值的升高可以明显提高工艺对2-MIB的去除率,臭氧投量从1.0 mg/L提高至2.0 mg/L后,2-MIB的去除率由43.9%上升至72.8%;当溶液分别由弱酸性(pH=4.0)升高至中性偏酸(pH=6.5)以及由中性偏碱(pH=7.5)升高至弱碱性(pH=9.0)时,2-MIB的去除率分别提高了24.9和21.8个百分点.水中腐殖酸的浓度不同时对反应体系的影响不同,促进与抑制作用并存.     

氧化法去除水中土臭素和2-MIB的研究进展

土臭素和2-MIB是饮用水源中最为常见的典型嗅味物质,氧化法是去除两者的重要途径。总结了氧化法去除水中土臭素和2-MIB的研究进展,并对氧化法用于控制水中嗅味的技术发展方向进行了展望。     

O3/H2O2对水中微量2,4-D的降解效果

研究了O3／H2O2工艺对水中微量农药2，4-D的氧化效果，探讨了H2O2投量和溶液pH值对2，4-D氧化效率的影响规律，利用LC-MS和GC-MS等手段对降解产物进行了定性分析，并在此基础上提出了2，4-D的氧化降解途径。     

粉末炭去除饮用水中土霉味物质的影响因素研究

采用粉末活性炭（PAC）去除饮用水中2-甲基异莰醇（MIB）、2,4,6-三氯茴萫醚（TCA）、2-异丙基-3-甲氧基吡嗪（IPMP）和2-异丁基-3-甲氧基吡嗪（IBMP）等4种常见的土霉味物质,研究了PAC种类、PAC投加量、嗅味物质的初始浓度、余氯、水质等因素对PAC去除土霉味物质的影响。结果表明,PAC吸附对嗅味物质的去除主要发生在前1 h内;煤质PAC对MIB有更高的去除率;在一定的吸附时间和活性炭投加量下,PAC对痕量嗅味物质的去除率与其初始浓度无关;余氯和有机物的存在降低了PAC对嗅味物质的吸附容量,水质对去除嗅味物质也有很大的影响。     

去除D江异嗅的饮用水处理工艺选择研究

为去除C市D江饮用水中的异嗅,研究了强化混凝/KMnO4预氧化、强化混凝/粉末活性炭吸附和臭氧/活性炭工艺对水中异嗅和CODMn的去除特性.结果表明,臭氧氧化是去除异嗅的关键工艺.强化混凝/高锰酸钾预氧化及强化混凝/活性炭吸附工艺对异嗅和CODMn均有一定的去除作用,需要根据水中致嗅物质的组成和有机物特性进行选择.但当硫醇硫醚类致嗅物质与土嗅素和2-MIB并存时,强化混凝组合工艺无法完全去除水中的嗅味.当进水嗅阈值<35、CODMn<8 mg/L时,臭氧/活性炭深度处理工艺可以完全去除D江水中的嗅味,并且对CODMn也有很好的去除效果,但在水质再恶化时需联合使用强化预处理等工艺方能达标.     

等离子体高级氧化技术去除饮用水中土霉味物质

嗅味已成为我国饮用水的主要水质问题之一,其中2-甲基异莰醇(2-MIB)、土臭素(GSM)等导致的土霉味是最常发生的嗅味问题,且往往难于有效去除。以5种典型土霉味物质2-异丙基-3-甲氧基吡嗪(IPMP)、2-异丁基-3-甲氧基吡嗪(IBMP)、2-MIB、三氯茴香醚(TCA)和GSM为目标,考察了等离子体高级氧化技术同时去除5种物质的效果、影响因素和氧化机理。结果表明:在初始浓度为500 ng/L、p H值为7. 5、脉冲放电电压为25 k V、频率为500 Hz条件下,氧化处理10～15 min即可将5种物质浓度降低到嗅阈值以下,氧化效果为TCA 2-MIB IPMP IBMP GSM;放电频率和溶液初始pH值是影响去除效果的重要因素,放电频率升高,对土霉味物质的去除效果改善,但能量利用率降低; pH值为6. 05时,对IPMP和IBMP的去除效果最好,2-MIB、TCA和GSM则在p H值为9. 04时被更快去除; H_2O_2和臭氧是放电过程中产生的主要活性物质,二者进一步反应生成的·OH在氧化过程中发挥重要作用。实际水源水质下5种土霉味物质仍能得到很好的去除,氧化处理10～15 min,5种物质浓度均能降低到嗅阈值以下。     

O3/H2O2氧化页岩气产出水有机物动力学及机理研究

对O3/H2O2氧化页岩气产出水降解有机物动力学、特征污染物苯胺降解动力学及机理进行实验分析,研究结果表明：页岩气产出水有机物、苯胺降解符合一级反应动力学;臭氧分子的分解符合零级反应动力学。通过液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）分析O3/H2O2氧化苯胺降解过程中间产物,发现O3/H2O2氧化法不能完全 将页岩气产出水矿化为二氧化碳和水,只是将复杂有机物分子转化为结构简单的直链烷烃或者羧酸类物质,需与其他氧化方式相结合才可将有机物完全去除,并提出了降解返排液中苯胺的两条可能途径,为O3/H2O2氧化工艺实际应用提供理论依据。     

UV-H2O2工艺降解饮用水中阿特拉津的试验研究

采用紫外—过氧化氢（UV—H2O2）的光激发氧化工艺去除饮用水中的内分泌干扰物——阿特拉津，考察了影响降解效果的因素。试验结果表明：紫外—过氧化氢工艺对阿特拉津有较好的去除效果，阿特拉津的降解过程符合一级反应动力学模型。通过提高照射光强，可以提高对阿特拉津的去除速率。过氧化氯浓度对阿特拉津的降解具有促进和抑制的双重作用：当H2O2浓度〈60mg／L时，降解阿特拉津的一级反应速率常数随H2O2浓度的增加而线性增加；当H2O2浓度〉80mg／L时，该反应速率常数的增加速率变得缓慢；当H2O2浓度〉120mg／L时，阿特拉津的降解受到明显抑制。阿特拉津初始浓度对降解过程没有影响。自来水中羟基自由基捕获剂及有机物的存在，会降低阿特拉津的降解速率，而较低的pH值则有利于降解反应的进行。     

净水工艺对臭味物质的去除效果分析

膜富营养化水体中致臭物质主要是由蓝藻纲、绿藻纲、硅藻纲等一些系或种产生的。水处理工艺中,一般考虑采取一定的预处理措施去除嗅味物质(主要为2-甲基-异莰醇、土臭素)。本文针对MY水库原水藻类致臭的问题,考察了水厂处理工艺对嗅味物质的去除效率。结果表明,机械加速澄清工艺通过去除藻体和絮凝体来去除致臭物质,去除效率为41%;煤砂滤池和炭出水2-MIB浓度均低于2ng/L;回流水直接回流明显加重后续工艺除2-MIB的负荷。     

Adsorptive ozonation of 2-methylisoborneol in natural water with preventing bromate formation

This paper presents an application of our newly developed adsorptive ozonation process using a high silica zeolite adsorbent (USY) for drinking water treatment. First, the adsorption of 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) on USY in a river water/pure water mixture was clarified by a batch-type adsorption experiment. The results showed that 2-MIB was adsorbed on USY; however, almost all of the adsorbed 2-MIB was desorbed over time. The desorption rate was increased with the ratio of river water to pure water, indicating that compounds dissolved in the river water, such as natural organic matter (NOM), prevent the adsorption of 2-MIB on USY. Second, the ability of the river water to consume ozone was confirmed in an experiment using a USY-packed column reactor. The ozone consumption was obviously increased by the presence of USY, indicating that USY-adsorbing compounds dissolved in the river water (probably small size NOM) consumed the ozone. However, the rapid ozone consumption was occurred by 6-8 s in the retention times when 3.14-4.38 mgL(-1) of water dissolved ozone was fed, this rapid ozone consumption lasted no more than these times. This result revealed that the rapid consumption of ozone by the adsorptive compounds in our process could be avoided within a certain retention time (6-8 s; especially for the river water used in this study) when enough concentration of ozone (3.14 mgL(-1) or more; same above) was supplied. We therefore performed a trial in which 2-MIB dissolved in river water was continuously decomposed using a USY-packed column with various ozone concentrations. In the process, the adsorptive compound dissolved in the river water adsorbed and reacted with ozone in the parts of the apparatus upstream of the column, while the adsorption and decomposition of 2-MIB took place in the parts of the apparatus downstream of the column. This resulted in a sufficient 2-MIB decomposition with minimizing bromate ion formation.     

Characteristics of competitive adsorption between 2-methylisoborneol and natural organic matter on superfine and conventionally sized powdered activated carbons

When treating water with activated carbon, natural organic matter (NOM) is not only a target for adsorptive removal but also an inhibitory substance that reduces the removal efficiency of trace compounds, such as 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), through adsorption competition. Recently, superfine (submicron-sized) activated carbon (SPAC) was developed by wet-milling commercially available powdered activated carbon (PAC) to a smaller particle size. It was reported that SPAC has a larger NOM adsorption capacity than PAC because NOM mainly adsorbs close to the external adsorbent particle surface (shell adsorption mechanism). Thus, SPAC with its larger specific external surface area can adsorb more NOM than PAC. The effect of higher NOM uptake on the adsorptive removal of MIB has, however, not been investigated. Results of this study show that adsorption competition between NOM and MIB did not increase when NOM uptake increased due to carbon size reduction; i.e., the increased NOM uptake by SPAC did not result in a decrease in MIB adsorption capacity beyond that obtained as a result of NOM adsorption by PAC. A simple estimation method for determining the adsorbed amount of competing NOM (NOM that reduces MIB adsorption) is presented based on the simplified equivalent background compound (EBC) method. Furthermore, the mechanism of adsorption competition is discussed based on results obtained with the simplified EBC method and the shell adsorption mechanism. Competing NOM, which likely comprises a small portion of NOM, adsorbs in internal pores of activated carbon particles as MIB does, thereby reducing the MIB adsorption capacity to a similar extent regardless of adsorbent particle size. SPAC application can be advantageous because enhanced NOM removal does not translate into less effective removal of MIB. Molecular size distribution data of NOM suggest that the competing NOM has a molecular weight similar to that of the target compound.     

UV/H2O2/微曝气处理微污染水中苯胺的试验研究

采用UV/H2O2/微曝气、UV/H2O2、UV/微曝气、H2O2/微曝气四种工艺处理受苯胺污染的水源水.试验结果表明,采用UV/H2O2/微曝气工艺,H2O2投加量分别为1,2,5,10和20 mL,对苯胺均有理想的去除效果.随着投加量的增加,苯胺的去除率并没有明显的提高,反应30 min后去除率分别达到94.3%,96.4%,96.5%,97.3%和96.8%.原水苯胺为0.90 mg/L时,投加1 mL H2O2反应30 min后,出水苯胺为0.06 mg/L,满足标准要求.UV/H2O2/微曝气、UV/H2O2、UV/微曝气、H2O2/微曝气四种工艺对苯胺的去除率均随着时间的增长而提高,40 min后趋于平稳,最高去除率分别为97.9%,94.5%,64.27%和13.84%,UV/H2O2/微曝气、UV/H2O2出水苯胺均低于规定限值.     

Advanced oxidation of a reactive dyebath effluent: comparison of O3, H2O2/UV-C and TiO2/UV-A processes

In the present study the treatment efficiency of different AOPs (O3/OH- H2O2/UV-C and TiO2/UV-A) were compared for the oxidation of simulated reactive dyebath effluent containing a mixture of monochlorotriazine type reactive dyes and various dye auxiliary chemicals at typical concentrations encountered in exhausted reactive dyebath liquors. A525 (color), UV280 (aromaticity) and TOC removal rates were assessed to screen the most appropriate oxidative process in terms of reactive dyebath effluent treatment. Special emphasis was laid on the effect of reaction pH and applied oxidant (O3, H2O2) dose on the observed reaction kinetics. It was established that the investigated AOPs were negatively affected by the Na2CO3 content (= 867 mg/L) which is always present at high concentrations in dychouse effluents since it is applied as a pH buffer and dye fixation agent during the reactive dyeing process. The ozonation reaction exhibited almost instantaneous decolorization kinetics and a reasonable TOC reduction rate. It appeared to be stable under the investigated advanced oxidation conditions and outranked the other studied AOPs based on the above mentioned criteria. Besides, the electrical energy requirements based on the EE/O parameter (the electrical energy required per order of pollutant removal in 1 m3 wastewater) was calculated for the homogenous AOPs in terms of decolorization kinetics. In view of the electrical energy efficiency, ozonation and H2O2/UV-C oxidation at the selected treatment conditions appear to be promising candidates for full-scale dyehouse effluent decolorization.     

O3/H2O2 treatment of methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in contaminated waters

The kinetics and efficiency of oxidation of methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in contaminated water employing O3/H2O2 advanced oxidation process is presented in this paper. Kinetic simulation is based on the model mechanism published in literature (Staehelin and Hoigne, Environ. Sci. Technol. 16 (1982) 676; Glaze and Kang, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 26 (1989) 1573) indicates that the oxidation of MTBE is primarily induced by the hydroxyl radical. The degradation of MTBE can be described by a pseudo-first-order kinetics in two phases. The first-phase covers MTBE concentrations greater than 10 mg L(-1) and the second-phase covers MTBE concentrations below 10 mg L(-1). The rate of oxidation of MTBE (at least in the first-phase) is limited by ozone mass transfer and increases with increasing ozone gas flow rate. The pseudo-first-order reaction rate constant varies from 2.0 x 10(-3) to 5.4 x 10(-3) s(-1) over the range of ozone gas flow rate employed in this investigation. An efficiency index is defined and its value for the oxidation of MTBE in different water is provided. The data provided show that remediation of MTBE-contaminated groundwater by O3/H2O2 process is more efficient and less costly than by the UV/H2O2 process.     

低温A2/O工艺投加耐冷菌剂试验研究

本试验针对北方地区冬季污水厂生物处理效果差的问题,以 A<'2>/O 为研究工艺,考察耐冷菌剂对低温条件下 A<'2>/O 工艺处理效果的影响,将常温(约 23℃)、低温(约 12℃)及低温投加耐冷菌剂后三种条件下的处理效果进行对比分析.得到三种条件下 COD 的平均出水浓度分别为 25.04,45.36 及 28.6...     

废轮胎媒介-A2/O工艺的脱氮性能研究

将废轮胎切碎后与乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)及沸石按一定比例混合制成一种辅助媒介,并添加至A2/O工艺的好氧段,考察了对脱氮效果的影响.试验结果表明,投加该媒介后可在好氧段内产生大量的微缺氧区,当维持污泥浓度为3～4 g/L、DO为1.6～2.4 mg/L以及进水C/N值为9～11、pH值为7.7～8.1的条件下,取得了较好的同步硝化反硝化效果,使脱氮能力提高了约13%.     

O3/H2O2联合氧化法预处理制药废水的初步探讨

针对制药废水的特点和目前制药废水预处理技术现状,介绍了O3/H2O2在制药废水处理中的应用,阐述了O3/H2O2氧化工艺机理,分析了O3/H2O2联合氧化法在工程实际中的应用情况,并通过与其他方法对比,得出该工艺是最好的制药废水预处理工艺。     

Effect of NOM, turbidity and floc size on the PAC adsorption of MIB during alum coagulation

The effect of natural organic material (NOM) and turbidity on the powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption of the odour compound 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) was evaluated during alum coagulation. The character of the flocs, in terms of their size and fractal dimensions (Df), was used to interpret the observed adsorption behaviour of MIB during the coagulation process. As the alum dose was increased, the adsorption of MIB decreased. This was determined to be due to the size of the flocs, with larger flocs incorporating PAC into their structure, reducing the efficiency of mixing, and the bulk diffusion kinetics for the MIB molecule. The presence of turbidity also reduced MIB adsorption due to the formation of larger flocs. The character of NOM was found to have a greater influence on the adsorption of MIB than the floc structure.