渐变刚度板簧式轻卡悬架阻尼参数仿真设计

为了有效提高渐变刚度钢板弹簧式轻型卡车的乘坐舒适性,根据弹簧受力与刚度和变形之间的关系,利用等频原理,建立了渐变刚度钢板弹簧力学特性解析计算模型,并利用钢板弹簧加载-卸载试验对所建立的模型的正确性进行了验证。基于1/2车辆行驶振动模型,利用MATLAB的Simulink工具箱,建立了考虑渐变刚度钢板弹簧力学特性的轻卡行驶振动仿真分析模型。最后,以人体振动舒适性最佳为目标,利用多岛遗传算法,建立了轻卡悬架系统阻尼参数仿真设计方法,并利用实车试验对所建立的轻卡悬架系统阻尼参数仿真设计方法的正确性进行了验证。上述研究为渐变刚度钢板弹簧式轻卡悬架系统参数的设计提供了有效参考。     

基于活塞形状改变的空气弹簧特性仿真研究

研究汽车装用空气弹簧刚度优化问题,活塞形状对膜式空气弹簧刚度特性的影响较大。为了提高整车的平顺性能,建立空气弹簧简化模型,得到圆台和倒圆台活塞形状下空气弹簧的有效承载半径影响因素。利用ABAQUS软件建立安装圆柱、圆台和倒圆台活塞的空气弹簧有限元模型进行,研究了不同圆台角下圆台活塞空气弹簧的刚度特性。仿真结果表明,在一定范围内,圆台角度越大,空气弹簧刚度也越大,证明与理论分析吻合,并对空气弹簧的设计和匹配具有一定的指导意义。     

一种基于电磁—空气弹簧的非线性隔振器理论与实验研究

本文提出一种主要由空气弹簧和永磁体所组成的具有准零刚度特性的非线性隔振器.首先,通过分析空气弹簧和磁体的受力特性,建立隔振器力-位移关系和刚度-位移关系,揭示隔振器静态力学特性,并分析隔振器参数对系统刚度的影响规律.然后,采用谐波平衡法计算隔振器力传递率特性.结果表明,通过在适当范围内调节系统阻尼比或激励幅值,所提出的非线性隔振器在隔振频率范围内优于普通空气弹簧隔振器.最后,通过实验验证隔振器的隔振性能.该研究可为小振幅甚至微振动系统的振动隔离提供新的参考.     

汽车钢板弹簧非线性有限元分析

为在汽车动力学特性设计中准确计算汽车悬架的作用力,用HyperMesh建立钢板弹簧的有限元模型,并在钢板弹簧的接触面中添加接触单元模拟板间摩擦.利用Abaqus计算钢板弹簧刚度,考虑中心螺栓和U形螺栓的预紧力,分析不同摩擦因数对钢板弹簧迟滞特性的影响.计算结果表明该模型可用于分析考虑钢板之间摩擦作用时钢板弹簧的受力情况,探讨非线性有限元分析过程中钢板弹簧的刚度和迟滞特性.     

带支承圈的立体弹簧计算机辅助设计的数学分析

实际的弹簧是立体的,且有粗度,特别是上下两个端面都有支承圈。该文讨论了有粗度且带支承圈立体弹簧的计算机辅助设计的方法。     

仿猫类落地姿态的准零刚度隔振器

对设备加装隔振装置是保证其高效工作的重要方法之一.本文从仿生学的角度,根据猫科动物落地时优秀的抗冲击能力,通过观察其落地动作姿态,利用非线性补偿原理,以空气弹簧作为正刚度结构,设计出一种具有非对称刚度特性的高静低动刚度隔振器.以其为研究对象,建立了动力学模型,利用特定的方法对非对称刚度系统进行分析求解,并与数值结果和有限元仿真结果进行对比.结果表明,在较低阻尼以及较高激励幅值下,还会出现倍周期响应甚至混沌响应.同时,通过将本文设计的隔振结构和单一空气弹簧的隔振性能对比,可以得到隔振效果明显优于单一空气弹簧的结论,从而验证了所设计隔振结构的有效性和可行性.     

基于MSC Marc的空气弹簧垂向特性有限元分析

介绍不同类型的空气弹簧结构型式,利用有限元软件MSC Marc 建立空气弹簧的有限元模型,并对其进行垂向特性的分析和计算. 最后得出空气弹簧垂向刚度非线性特性的确切描述,并分析传统的弹簧与空气弹簧自振频率随载荷变化的特性.     

模糊免疫PID控制在矿用设备座椅减振系统中的应用

针对现有矿用设备座椅减振系统因弹簧无法控制而导致减振效果不佳的问题,介绍了一种矿用设备座椅减振系统的组成及工作原理,重点阐述了模糊免疫PID控制在该系统中的应用方案。该系统以PLC为主控制器,通过气缸组件工作状态的变化调整气体弹簧的刚度,从而实现座椅减振;针对系统非线性、时变性、滞后性等特点,采用模糊免疫PID控制策略进行减振控制。仿真和应用结果表明,采用模糊免疫PID控制的矿用设备座椅减振系统鲁棒性高,驾驶员乘坐舒适性好,满足实际使用要求。     

基于Marc的空气弹簧横向特性分析

为实现空气弹簧的横向特性和强度分析,基于有限元非线性接触技术,用Marc对空气弹簧的非线性横向刚度特性进行数值模拟,分析最大横向力作用下空气弹簧各部分的应力分布,横向刚度计算结果与试验结果基本一致,表明空气弹簧的建模与仿真方法的合理性,为空气弹簧优化设计和特性分析提供参考.     

基于AMESim的安溢活门系统动力学仿真

在对安溢活门工作原理和动态特征方程研究的基础上,建立安溢活门及其试验系统的AMESim模型,对试验过程中安溢活门的动态特性进行数值仿真,从系统角度研究该安溢活门系统整体性能.仿真结果与试验测试结果吻合较好,并着重研究主副弹簧刚度、主副膜片刚度、主副膜片有效面积、主活阀摩擦阻尼、背压腔容积和泄压间隙等参数对安溢活门动态特性的影响,进而为系统整体性能优化提供分析设计支持.     

受轴向激励弹性支承梁的稳定性分析

对于广泛存在的弹性支撑梁,首次呈现支承弹簧刚度对轴向激励下梁横向振动稳定性的影响.应用Hamilton原理,建立了两端由线性弹簧支撑的受轴向激励梁的动力学控制方程.通过解析方法计算了受轴向压力梁的固有频率,得到了支撑弹簧刚度与系统固有频率和临界轴力的关系.Galerkin截断后,通过多尺度法和Runge-Kutta法,计算得到了梁参激振动稳态响应的半解析与数值解.讨论了激励幅值、支撑弹簧刚度、平均轴力对系统非线性响应幅值及软硬特性的影响.利用Routh-Hurwitz稳定性判据,求得系统的参激稳定边界,着重讨论了支撑弹簧刚度、阻尼系数的影响.研究发现,边界支撑弹簧的刚度可以显著改变受轴向激励梁的参激稳定边界.因此,研究结果将为广泛存在受到轴向激励结构的设计提供指导.     

Experimental study and simulation of a hydraulic engine mount with fully coupled fluid-structure interaction finite element analysis model

Non-linear properties of a generic hydraulic engine mount (HEM) are identified and characterized by experiment and simulation approaches. The experimental methods for obtaining static and dynamic performances of the HEM are presented. The characteristics of two configurations of the take-apart HEMs (one is with an inertia track and a free decoupler and the other one is only with an inertia track) and their rubber springs are studied. The relations between static stiffness of an HEM and its rubber springs in three orthogonal directions are investigated. The influences of preload, excitation amplitudes and frequencies on the dynamic stiffness of an HEM are verified. The effects of the free decoupler on dynamic characteristics of the HEM are studied by comparisons of the test results of the two HEMs. The dynamic fluid pressure and the temperature in the upper chamber of an HEM are measured under different excitation conditions. A fully coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) and finite element analysis (FEA) model for simulation of HEMs is developed in this paper, which can be used to simulate the static and dynamic performances of the HEMs with only stress versus strain relations of the rubber materials, the fluid physical parameters and the HEMs sizes. The simulated results of one HEM with the proposed model are given, and the results match well with the measured data, or in coincidence with the working mechanisms of HEMs.     

悬浮隧道基于弹性边界的力学模型与移动荷载响应分析

悬浮隧道是一种创新型的水中交通结构,这种悬浮于水中的结构在考虑复杂边界条件下的力学建模及交通荷载引起的结构响应值得深入研究.本文将跨度范围内由多段锚索支撑的悬浮隧道视为弹性支撑梁,同时将两端的复杂边界条件考虑为具有不同约束刚度的竖向和转动弹性支撑,流体荷载由Morison方程考虑,建立了悬浮隧道在任意荷载作用下的动力学模型及考虑自振特性的特征方程.研究了跨内支撑刚度与边界约束参数多种组合条件下的频率、模态分布特征,得到了相应的敏感区间.同时,以某型号高铁列车为背景并将其考虑为一列移动集中力,研究了悬浮隧道结构关键位置的荷载响应与弹性支撑刚度之间的关系,结果表明跨内支撑刚度、边界约束刚度均对竖向位移存在显著影响,整体上约束刚度越大,相应的位移越小.     

Maximization of structural natural frequency with optimal support layout

The optimal layout of supports is one of the key factors that dominates static and dynamic performances of the structure. In this work, supports are considered as elastic springs. The purpose is to carry out layout optimization of supports by means of topology optimization method. The technique of pseudo-density variables that transforms a discrete-variable problem into a continuous one is used in order that the problem is easily formulated and solved numerically. In this formulation, a power law of the so-called solid isotropic material with penalty model is employed to approximate the relation between the element stiffness matrix and density variable. Such a relation makes it easy to establish the computing scheme and sensitivity analysis of natural frequency. Support layout design that corresponds to optimization of boundary conditions is studied to maximize the natural frequency of structures. Numerical results show that reasonable distributions of supports can be generated effectively.     

混合体系多塔斜拉桥竖弯刚度评估动力学理论

基于斜拉桥的受力特点和形状特征,提出了用于混合体系多塔斜拉桥面内竖弯刚度评估的多梁离散弹簧动力学模型.首先,在课题组相关成果的基础之上,介绍了采用传递矩阵法对不同体系斜拉桥的处理方式.然后,通过使用连续性条件和边界条件,建立了混合体系多塔斜拉桥竖弯刚度评估的基本理论.最后,以赤石大桥为例,建立了相应的有限元模型,并将本文方法算出的频率与有限元和实测得到的频率进行对比,表明本文方法的正确性,可用于混合体系多塔斜拉桥面内竖弯刚度的评估.     

The construction of free–free flexibility matrices for multilevel structural analysis

This article considers a generalization of the classical structural flexibility matrix. It expands on previous papers by taking a deeper look at computational considerations at the substructure level. Direct or indirect computation of flexibilities as “influence coefficients” has traditionally required pre-removal of rigid body modes by imposing appropriate support conditions, mimicking experimental arrangements. With the method presented here the flexibility of an individual element or substructure is directly obtained as a particular generalized inverse of the free–free stiffness matrix. This generalized inverse preserves the stiffness spectrum. The definition is element independent and only involves access to the stiffness generated by a standard finite element program and the separate construction of an orthonormal rigid-body mode basis. The free–free flexibility has proven useful in special application areas of finite element structural analysis, notably massively parallel processing, model reduction and damage localization. It can be computed by solving sets of linear equations and does not require processing an eigenproblem or performing a singular value decomposition. If substructures contain thousands of d.o.f., exploitation of the stiffness sparseness is important. For that case this paper presents a computation procedure based on an exact penalty method, and a projected rank-regularized inverse stiffness with diagonal entries inserted by the sparse factorization process. These entries can be physically interpreted as penalty springs. This procedure takes advantage of the stiffness sparseness while forming the full free–free flexibility, or a boundary subset, and is backed by an in-depth null space analysis for robustness.     

Use of penalty formulations in dynamic simulation and analysis of redundantly constrained multibody systems

The determination of particular reaction forces in the analysis of redundantly constrained multibody systems requires the consideration of the stiffness distribution in the system. This can be achieved by modeling the components of the mechanical system as flexible bodies. An alternative to this, which we will discuss in this paper, is the use of penalty factors already present in augmented Lagrangian formulations as a way of introducing the structural properties of the physical system into the model. Natural coordinates and the kinematic constraints required to ensure rigid body behavior are particularly convenient for this. In this paper, scaled penalty factors in an index-3 augmented Lagrangian formulation are employed, together with modeling in natural coordinates, to represent the structural properties of redundantly constrained multibody systems. Forward dynamic simulations for two examples are used to illustrate the material. Results showed that scaled penalty factors can be used as a simple and efficient way to accurately determine the constraint forces in the presence of redundant constraints.