工业副产石膏制硫酸联产水泥技术的实践与创新

介绍鲁北化工现有200 kt/a磷石膏制硫酸联产300 kt/a水泥装置的工艺流程及主要设备、原料要求、控制指标和操作要点。提出拟建300 kt/a磷石膏制硫酸联产400 kt/a水泥装置的技术方案,重点介绍所引入的技术创新。对磷石膏制硫酸联产水泥的成本和效益进行了分析,认为大力推广石膏制硫酸联产水泥对防止环境污染和实现资源循环意义重大。     

大型钛石膏制硫酸联产水泥的应用实践

介绍了山东鲁北化工股份有限公司石膏制硫酸联产水泥技术应用情况。重点介绍了技术经济指标、主要设备和装置的工艺流程、稳定操作要点、成本及效益情况。在现有150 kt/a磷铵、副产磷石膏制200 kt/a硫酸联产300 kt/a水泥装置进行钛石膏制硫酸联产水泥的试烧验证,处理钛石膏500 kt/a,可减少工业副产石膏堆存占地约0.11 km~2,节约石膏倒运、渣场管理费近3 000万元/a。与传统硫酸、水泥工艺相比可节约硫铁矿300 kt/a、石灰石400 kt/a,减排二氧化碳70 kt/a。     

磷石膏制酸应适度发展

磷石膏制硫酸技术起源于波兰、德国,但由于制酸成本高、"三废"不能全部治理而大部分停产。随着我国高浓度磷复肥的发展,排出磷石膏量增加,磷石膏作为一种资源也得到了一定发展。磷石膏制硫酸技术首先在山东鲁北化工总厂试验成功,且在年产4万t的基础上,不断改进工艺技术,使原装置能力达到9万t/a以上。在此基础上,国家又安排了扩大试点项目,鲁西、青岛、遵化、银山已达到和超过设计能力。鲁北新建成15万t/a磷铵、20万t/a磷石膏制酸联产30万t／a水泥装置已投产,且在技术上又有所突破,同时还解决了磷石膏堆存占地问题。鲁北企业集团又将在河北沙河再建8万t/a硫酸联产12万t/a水泥装置。 大型装置建设成功是利用磷石膏的重要途径,但由于该技术投资大、能耗高,在解决固体废渣的同时,又很容易造成"废气"和"废液"更为严重的二次污染,因此,今后我国对磷石膏制酸技术的发展,须持非常谨慎的态度。     

磷石膏制硫酸联产水泥仍是其综合利用的有效途径

结合某硬石膏制150kt/a硫酸联产200kt/a水泥装置建设的实例,分析了我国硫酸工业的生产和需求,开辟用磷石膏为原料生产硫酸联产水泥的生产路线。指出磷石膏制硫酸联产水泥仍是我国拓宽硫资源综合利用的一项重要举措,是解决制约磷复肥发展的磷石膏问题的有效途径,是资源综合利用、发展循环经济的典范工程。     

“九五”重点化工新技术推广项目传告

综合利用湿法磷酸生产中副产的磷石膏制硫酸联产水泥技术是“九五”期间国家重点化工新技术推广项目。继鲁北、什邡、银山“三四六工程”投产,最近又传出捷报,山东鲁西化工总厂利用磷石膏制40kt/a硫酸项目已干1996年11月2日点火投     

瓮福集团区域磷石膏产业发展概况及规划

介绍了瓮福集团区域内磷石膏产业发展概况。通过引进合作和自主创新,瓮福集团区城内正在建设400 kt/a磷石膏制水泥缓凝剂、3.0×10~7 m~2/a磷石行制纸面石膏板、1.0×10~8块/a磷石膏制砖、250 kt/a磷石膏化学转化制硫酸铵联产150 kt/a高纯度氧化钙等项目;今后还将建设磷石膏制硫酸联产氧化钙等项...     

工业废渣堆积咋办? 国际领先技术首破石膏制酸瓶颈

<正>山东鲁北企业集团总公司自1977年一直从事石膏制硫酸联产水泥技术的研究和开发,先后取得利用盐石膏、磷石膏、天然石膏、脱硫石膏、钛石膏化学分解制硫酸与水泥攻关试验的成功。1999年建成"年产150kt磷铵、副产磷石膏制200 kt硫酸联产300 kt水泥"装置。该公司近10余年在年产200 kt磷石膏制硫酸联产300 kt水泥装置上创新技改,生产能力翻一番,总能耗降低50%,建设投资为原技术1/3,在国际上首次实     

磷石膏制硫酸联产水泥装置考核情况

用30kt/a磷铵副产的磷石膏制40kt/a硫酸联产60kt/a水泥的装置工艺成熟、技术可靠、设备选型合理、产品质量合格;生产能力达到并超过了设计指标(磷铵为139.6％、硫酸为115.4％、水泥为104.8％),且能连续安全运行(磷铵、硫酸、水泥装置的运转率分别为99％、100％、100％);企业的经济效益(预计全年可实现利税1342万元)、社会效益和环境效益显著;可作为相应规模磷铵装置的配套工程。     

天然石膏制取硫酸联产水泥获得成功

我国第一套以天然石膏为原料,年产20kt硫酸、30kt水泥的工业性试验装置,在山东峄城磷肥厂一次顺利开车成功。并制得了合格的硫酸和水泥产品。     

脱硫石膏联产水泥与硫酸技术

结合鲁北集团60kt／a水泥-40kt／a硫酸中试装置数据,介绍用电厂烟气脱硫石膏联产水泥与硫酸的原料性质、工艺流程、控制指标及成本构成。指出用脱硫石膏联产水泥与硫酸具有技术和经济可行性,既可减少环境污染,又可实现废物的资源化利用。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.