纳米NiAl2O4/Al2O3复合粉末的制备新工艺

本研究采用高温氧化的方法制备出纳米NiAl2O4／Al2O3粉体。在纳米Al2O3粉体表面包覆一层金属Ni，在1350℃高温下焙烧Ni／Al2O3复合粉体得到纳米NiAl204／Al2O3粉体。利用TEM对Ni／Al2O3复合粉体进行观察，发现Ni／Al2O3复合粉体颗粒成球形，大小为50～60nm；通过对Ni／Al2O3复合粉体的DTA析，显示Ni／Al2O3复合粉体在900℃和1300℃下有新相生成，经XRD检测，新相分别为NiO和NiAl2O4。     

纳米TiO2-Al2O3复合粉体的电化学合成

用电化学合成方法制备了TiO2-Al2O3的复合粉体材料,借助化学热力学数据库软件系统对体系进行了热力学分析。所得到的TiO2/Al2O3的复合粉体中,氧化铝主要沉积在二氧化钛颗粒的表面,且二氧化钛的成分任意可调。对TiO2-Al2O3复合凝胶进一步高温处理,可获得纳米Al2TiO5。     

多孔TiB2+Al2O3/NiAl基复合材料的研究

采用自蔓延高温合成技术制备NiAl/Al2O3 TiB2多孔复合材料,Ni-Al体系的反应产物的相组成主要为NiAl;Ni、Al、B2O3和TiO2组成的反应体系在进行燃烧合成反应之后,生成物主要是NiAl、Al2O3和TiB2,表明燃烧过程中很短的时间内反应能完全充分地进行;加入10Al 3TiO2 3B2O3→5Al2O3 3TiB2颗粒增强体系后,反应合成的多孔产物的孔径减小,孔洞间的连通性增强,孔隙度升高。     

Ni、Cu-Al2O3纳米金属陶瓷粉末的热压

将化学电镀法制备的纳米Ni、Cu包覆Al2O3粉末进行热压。研究了金属Ni、Cu及其含量对Al2O3粉末的烧结致密化、显微组织和性能的影响。在纳米Al2O3粉末表面镀覆适当的金属Ni、Cu可以较有效地提高致密化，降低烧结温度。金属相作为第二相可以大大细化Al2O3晶粒组织。但Ni、Cu的加入伴随着Al2O3硬度和强度下降。硬度变化可以由金属Ni、Cu是软相较好地解释。强度下降则主要归因于包覆粉末中Ni、Cu对Al2O3粉末的润湿性不好所致。     

Al_2O_3预包覆尖晶石LiMn_2O_4的电化学性能

将Li2CO3和电解二氧化锰混合球磨,得到尖晶石(LiMn2O4,简称为LMO)的前驱体,采用化学沉积法在前驱体的预烧产物表面包覆Al(OH)3,然后在750℃/6h条件下煅烧,得到Al2O3/LiMn2O4复合粉末(称为Al2O3预包覆,包覆粉末记为P-LMO);同时采用传统方法,在前驱体的煅烧产物(LiMn2O4粉末)表面包覆Al(OH)3,然后在300℃/3h条件下热处理,得到Al2O3/LiMn2O4复合粉末(称为煅烧包覆,复合粉末记为C-LMO),对这2种包覆法制备的Al2O3/LiMn2O4复合粉末的物相结构、形貌、包覆层的厚度与粒度分布等进行对比分析,并对包覆粉末进行电化学性能测试。结果表明,Al2O3均匀地包覆在LiMn2O4的表面,包覆层厚度约为10nm;Al2O3/LiMn2O4复合粉末的晶格常数随Al2O3包覆量增加而增加;预包覆粉末颗粒呈类球形,平均粒径(0.3μm)明显小于煅烧包覆的平均粒径(0.5μm);预包覆粉末的Al2O3包覆层能有效减少循环过程中电荷转移阻抗的增加,并减少Mn的溶解,其循环性能优于煅烧包覆粉末。在3.2~4.5V的充放电区间内,Al2O3包覆量(摩尔分数)为2%的预包覆LiMn2O4材料显示出优良的电化学性能,55℃下0.1C的首次放电容量为114.0(mA·h)/g,0.5C倍率下50次循环后容量保持率为87.3%。     

冷冻干燥法制备纳米Al_2O_3包覆W复合粉体

用冷冻干燥法合成了包覆型粉体,与传统方法相比,无需以纳米或微米级核颗粒为前提,过程简单,成本低。以偏钨酸铵和硫酸铝为原料,经喷雾预冻、真空冷冻干燥获得W/Al混合盐冻干前驱体,分段还原得到纳米Al2O3包覆W的复合粉体。采用XRD、IR、SEM等测试技术分析了样品的物相组成、结构、形貌,探讨了包覆结构的形成机理。结果表明:合成的包覆粉体是由40nm左右Al2O3颗粒均匀的包覆在1μm左右W颗粒表面。包覆结构的形成过程分为三个阶段:W晶粒的形核生长,非晶铝氧化合物包覆层的形成,Al2O3的非均匀形核生长。     

Al2O3/SiO2纳米复合陶瓷型芯

在不同粒度的Al2O3微粉基体中加入SiO2纳米粉,通过特殊的粉体分散及热压铸方法制备出Al2O3/SiO2纳米复合陶瓷型芯.研究了物料组成对Al2O3/SiO2纳米复合陶瓷型芯烧制特性的影响.结果表明加入SiO2纳米粉后,改善了材料的流动性,并使陶瓷型芯的抗弯强度提高,烧结温度降低;在不同物料组成的纳米复合陶瓷型芯中,粗细物料搭配的基体其抗弯强度较高,并得到了最佳的物料组成及烧结制度.     

共沉淀法制备稀土石榴石Ln3Al5O12(Ln=Y, Ce, Yb)

以Y2O3、Yb2O3、Al(NO3)3.9H2O和Ce(NO3)3.6H2O为原料,NH4HCO3、NH3.H2O做复合沉淀剂,用共沉淀法制备纳米稀土石榴石Ln3Al5O12(LnAG,Ln=Y,Ce,Yb)粉体。用TG/DTA、XRD、SEM、TEM等手段对LnAG前驱体及煅烧后的粉体进行表征。结果表明,用上述方法在1 000℃煅烧3h可得到分散性好、形状规则且粒径为50nm左右的Y3Al5O12、Yb3Al5O12、Y2.9Ce0.1Al5O12石榴石粉体,但不能得到Ce3Al5O12石榴石,合成石榴石粉体的最佳煅烧温度为1 050℃以上。     

机械合金化制备Al2O3/Mo5Si3粉末研究

以MoO3粉、Mo粉、Si粉和Al粉为原料,利用机械合金化制备了具有纳米晶组成的Al2O3/Mo5Si3复合粉体,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、激光粒度分析仪(LPS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对Al2O3/Mo5Si3复合粉体的形成以及在球磨过程中的粉体演变进行分析和表征.结果表明:球磨10h后,原料粉末发生反应生成了A...     

化学镀Al2O3/Cu复合粉烧结体的组织研究

采用化学镀法制备了Al2O3/Cu复合粉体,将复合粉体在160MPa的压力下保压5nin压制,在1 000℃保温1h、N2保护烧结,得到体积分数为50％的Al2O3p/Cu复合材料.通过SEM对复合粉体的形貌和复合材料的断口进行观察,通过光学显微镜对复合材料组织进行观察,通过能谱仪对复合材料中颗粒和基体的界面进行成分分析,并对其密度和热膨胀系数进行测定,结果表明:复合材料中Al2O3颗粒分布均匀,与Cu基体结合良好;复合材料相对密度为88.6％,100 ～ 300°C的热膨胀系数在(8.7～14.3) ×10-6/K之间.     

Stability of Fluorine-Free CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-Na2O Mold Fluxes

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - B2O3 and Na2O are key components of fluorine-free mold fluxes for continuous casting, but both are highly volatile, which affects the flux stability....     

Solid-phase reactions of Ta2O5 with Ga2O3 and In2O3

Conclusions Using the techniques of DTA and x-ray phase analysis, a study was made of the reactions between Ta₂O₅ and M₂O₃ (M = Ga or In), and the phase compositions of the relevant binary systems were determined. The existence was confirmed of stable compounds of composition MTaO₄ and eutectoidally decomposing phases containing 7.5–12.5 mole % M₂O₃. MTaO₄ are dielectrics, whose room-temperature _v is of the order of 10¹⁰ -cm. The temperature dependence of _v of MTaO₄ was investigated in the range 293–873°K and their energies of activation for conductivity were calculated. The melting points, pyknometric densities, dielectric losses, and relative dielectric permeabilities of MTaO₄ were determined.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 2 (110), pp. 69–73, February, 1972.     

Vitrification and Crystallization Behavior of CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-Fe2O3-Cr2O3 System

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - The effect of basicity and Cr2O3 content on vitrification of the CaO-MgO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3-Cr2O3 system during a melt-quenched process and the...     

CaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3转光玻璃的合成及荧光性质

X射线衍射研究表明CaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3体系的玻璃化温度在1025℃附近。荧光光谱和ESR谱研究表明,在CaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3玻璃体系中存在着Eu2 和Eu3 两种价态离子。316,360,379,394,413,462和532nm锐线激发峰和592,616和650红区发射峰分别对应Eu3 的f-f激发跃迁和5D0-7FJ(J=1,2,3)跃迁发射;351nm和427nm宽带激发峰和蓝区发射分别对应Eu2 的5d-4f激发跃迁和发射。     

Influences of Al2O3/CaO and Na2O/CaO Ratios on Viscosities of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-Na2O Melts

The influences of Al₂O₃/CaO and Na₂O/CaO ratios on viscosities of CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Na₂O melts are investigated by the rotating cylinder method in this study. It is indicated from the experimental results that viscosity first increases and then decreases as gradually increasing Na₂O/CaO ratio. As increasing Na₂O/CaO ratio while keeping the contents of Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ constant, the transformation of bridging oxygen (from being bonded with Al³⁺ ion charge compensated by Ca²⁺ ion to that compensated by Na⁺ ion, for the higher priority of Na⁺ ion relative to Ca²⁺ ion) increases the viscosity, whereas the transformation of non-bridging oxygen decreases the viscosity. These two factors lead to the appearance of viscosity maximum. The viscosity model proposed in our previous papers could well describe the viscosity variation tendency.     

Wettability of silicon carbide ceramic by Al2O3/Dy2O3 and Al2O3/Yb2O3 systems

Wettability is an important phenomenon in the liquid phase sintering of silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics. This work involved a study of the wetting of SiC ceramics by two oxide systems, Al₂O₃ /Dy₂O₃ and Al₂O₃ /Yb₂O₃, which have so far not been studied for application in the sintering of SiC ceramics. Five mixtures of each system were prepared, with different compositions close to their respective eutectic ones. Samples of the mixtures were pressed into cylindrical specimens, which were placed on a SiC plate and subjected to temperatures above their melting points using a graphite resistance furnace. The behavior of the melted mixtures on the SiC plate was observed by means of an imaging system using a CCD camera and the sessile drop method was employed to determine the contact angle, the parameter that measures the degree of wettability. The results of variation in the contact angle as a function of temperature were plotted in graphic form which showed that the curves displayed a fast decline and good spreading. All the samples of the two systems presented final contact angles of 40° to 10° indicating their good wetting on SiC in the argon atmosphere. The melted/solidified area and interface between SiC and melted/solidified phase were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and their crystalline phases were identified by X-ray diffraction (DRX). The DRX analysis showed that Al₂O₃ and RE₂O₃ reacted and formed the Dy₃Al₅O₁₂ (DyAg) and Yb₃Al₅O₁₂ (YbAg) phases. The results indicated that the two systems had a promising potential as additives for the sintering of SiC ceramics.     

Research on Glass Forming Ability of Er2O3 -Al2O3 -B2O3 -SiO2 System

The glass forming range of Er2O3-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 system was explored, and the effect of the content of Al2 O3 and Er2 O3 on glass-forming region was experimentally examined. It is shown that the region of glass formation range expends when the content of Al2O3 is changed from 15% to 20%, while it shrinks when the content of Er2O3 is changed from 20% to 30%. At the same time, the glass forming ability of Er2O3-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 system was also discussed using a value of β, which is an indication of crystallization tendency of glasses, calculated from thermo-analysis data. It is found that the glass forming ability of Er2O3-Al2O3-B2O3- SiO2 glasses is poor, while the glasses network may be enhanced when Al2O3 is added to the system, the glass forming ability being heightened. In addition, the crystallization temperatures of the rare earth glasses were determined using differential thermal analysis technique. The Er2O3-Al2O;-B2O3-SiO2 glass samples were heat treated at 1000,1100 and 1260℃ respectively. The results show that it is the Er2O3 phase that separates out from the glasses after crystaline heat treatment, and it is tiered up in glasses, as detected through XRD and SEM. This indicates that the phase separation occurs when the glasses are heated, Er3 being mainly distributed in the boron rich phase, then separated out from glasses, while the silicate rich phase remaining glassy state.     

Viscosity of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-B2O3 slags

The viscosity of CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃ slags with 8% MgO and 4% B₂O₃ is investigated over a broad range of composition, by means of a simplex-lattice experiment design. For slag of basicity 6–8 in the upper left region of the local simplex, with 15–25% Al₂O₃, 8% MgO, and 4% B₂O₃, the viscosity is high: 9.4–26.4 P over the range 1500–1530°C. Displacement of the slags of basicity 5–8 to the lower region of the local simplex ensures high fluidity in the given range of Al₂O₃ concentration: the viscosity is 1.5–6.1 P over the range 1500–1530°C.     

Li2O对CaO-SiO2-MgO-Fe2O3-MnO2-P2O5精炼渣系脱磷的影响

在Li2 O替代CaO SiO2 MgO Fe2 O3 MnO2 P2 O5精炼渣系中部分CaO的条件下 ,研究了Li2 O含量、碱度及氧化性对钢液磷含量的影响。结果表明 ,在Li2 O =15 % ,碱度 (CaO +Li2 O) /SiO2 为 2 .0～ 2 .5 ,(Fe2 O3 +MnO2 )为 7%的条件下 ,该渣系对钢液的脱磷率在 70 %以上 ,控制钢液磷含量在 0 .0 0 9%以下。     

二元碱度和Al_2O_3对CaO-SiO_2-FeO-Fe_2O_3-P_2O_5-Al_2O_3-MgO-MnO钢渣中磷酸盐富集的影响

以八元CaO-SiO_2-FeO-Fe_2O_3-P_2O_5-Al_2O_3-MgO-MnO钢渣体系为研究对象,结合热力学计算和实验检测,分析了二元碱度B和Al_2O_3含量对八元钢渣系中磷酸盐富集行为的影响。结果表明:钢渣二元碱度和Al_2O_3含量直接影响钢渣中f-C2S的生成量,进而影响磷酸盐富集相nC_2S-C_3P内P_2O_5的含量。随着二元碱度从1.3提高至2.5,磷酸盐富集率增大,磷酸盐富集相nC2S-C3P中的P_2O_5含量呈现先迅速增大(B从1.3至1.7),然后逐渐减小(B从1.8至2.5)的趋势。当二元碱度和Al_2O_3质量分数分别控制在1.7和12%时,即当满足四元碱度R为1.23时,此八元钢渣体系有较好的磷酸盐富集效果,磷酸盐富集相nC_2S-C_3P内的P_2O_5的质量分数可以达到24.23%。