V型锚固件的螺柱焊焊接

在窑炉内,无论是浇注料或者是喷涂料,在施工前均应在壳体内壁上焊接锚固件。以达到使耐火材料与简体牢固连接的目的。因此,锚固件焊接质量也是衡量内衬施工质量的一个重要指标。下面就以Φ6mm的锚固件为例将在我厂窑炉内衬施工中大量使用的V型锚固件的螺柱焊焊接作个介绍。     

预热器C5旋风筒耐火材料脱落的原因分析

在生产运营阶段,预热器旋风筒顶部耐火材料有块状脱落,造成下料管堵塞。现场观察,部分锚固件与耐火材料结合位置有严重腐蚀。针对这一现象,对锚固件失效、耐火材料施工中的质量控制、工艺设计和生产操作等影响因素进行了分析研究。结果显示,使用环境中含量较高的氯元素对锚固件产生了严重的高温腐蚀,良好的施工质量有助于隔断氯元素与锚固件表面的接触。     

锚固件在不定形耐火材料中的应用

与定形耐火制品相比,不定形耐火材料具有施工方便、工效高、强度高、抗热震性好、整体性好和寿命长等优点,特别是近年来轻质不定形耐火材料的开发、应用及推广,使其在很多领域(如节能保温窑炉)逐渐替代了定形制品,取得了很好的保温效果。伴随着不定形耐火材料的发展,其锚固问题成为关注对象,因为锚固件在不定形耐火材料中起到增强牢固性的作用,所以其使用性能的好坏直接影响着不定形耐火材料的使用效果。为了适应窑炉工业的高速发展,锚固件也在迅速更新换代。根据笔者多年的研究和应用经验,对几种锚固件作了性能比较,以研究更好的锚固件,增…     

整体炉衬镍铁回转窑锚固件的设计与应用

锚固件在不定形耐火材料中起到增强牢固性的作用,所以其使用性能的好坏直接影响着不定形耐火材料的使用效果. 整体炉衬镍铁回转窑使用的锚固件为U型、Y型、V型、双R型或锚固砖. 使用合适的锚固件后炉衬的整体性好,窑体寿命长,产能高,成本低.     

浅析水泥窑炉耐火材料锚固件制造质量的控制

在水泥窑炉耐火材料工程中,一旦锚固件失效,将会造成耐火材料的剥落,甚至是坍塌的重大事故,对锚固件执行严格的、规范化的质量控制是确保工程质量的有效手段。按照合同、图纸、标准要求进行锚固件质量的全面检查工作,是整个工程质量控制中的重要环节,同时我们也不能忽略对锚固件的设计材质选型、制造加工过程、工程施工过程中的质量核查和监控工作。     

冷却机顶部吊挂式整体浇注结构的应用

一种整体浇注的锚固砖吊挂浇注结构在水泥窑冷却机顶部得到应用,该装置将耐火材料吊挂在陶瓷锚固件上,并利用吊钩吊挂在金属横梁t。该种整体浇注结构采用陶瓷锚同件代替金属锚固件,避免了锚同件的氧化,通过采用隔热耐火材料代替部分重质耐火材料,减轻了顶部整体重量,又增强了隔热效果。从而,有利于获得提高寿命、降低能耗、减少窑炉砌筑费用和方便施工的效果。     

流化床气化炉内衬耐火材料研究进展

流化床气化炉因采用的原料多样化、炉内气氛复杂,对内衬耐火材料层存在侵蚀和破坏,内衬耐火材料衬里的使用寿命对气化炉长周期稳定运行影响巨大。气化炉内衬耐火材料的选取和烘制是关系到煤气化工艺成败的关键技术。本文对耐火材料的种类、性能要求及失效机理进行了介绍,并对流化床及耐碱腐蚀常用耐火材料的研究现状进行了综述,针对流化床煤气化工艺特点,提出了气化炉内衬耐火材料选取及内衬施工等的建议,为流化床工业炉内衬耐火材料的筛选及制作提供指导。     

有限元分析在陶瓷锚固体热机性能方面的应用

由于锚固件从加热炉顶脱落，耐火材料厂商，钢铁厂和大学联合起来对这些产品进行分析，有限元分析是尽可能地接近操作条件来预测产品性能的有效方法，它标出事故可能发生部位，耐火材料厂商利用工艺过程和材料性能的改变，通过有限元技术完成了计算机仿真，所得出的结果证实了预先的研究，并且能指示裂缝的位置，完成了一种新型热机性能的较低的锚固体。     

混铁炉内衬整体浇注技术的应用

混铁炉是转炉炼钢生产中铁水贮存、保温、均匀成分的主要热工设备。混铁炉内衬采用传统的砖砌工艺 ,砖型多 ,砌筑难度大 ,整体性差 ,内衬使用寿命较低。随着施工方法的机械化、自动化和喷补修补方法的研究改进 ,不定形耐火材料取代烧成耐火砖已成为当今耐火材料发展的一大趋势。2 0 0 1年 8月至 2 0 0 2年 4月 ,莱钢股份有限公司的混铁炉内衬应用整体浇注技术 ,取得了良好效果。1　混铁炉内衬浇注料1.1　混铁炉工作衬浇注料混铁炉整体浇注内衬由保温层和工作层组成。根据内衬各部位的工作条件和损毁机理 ,工作层采用不同性能的耐火浇注料 ,…     

Mayerton公司生产的电弧炉用耐火材料

陈述了Mayerton公司推荐的现代电弧炉内衬用耐火材料。列举了由德国Φykc公司制造的125t竖式电弧炉内衬中耐火材料的试验状况。得出结论认为所推荐的耐火材料能够满足现代电弧炉炼钢生产的要求。     

An analysis of the efficiency gained with replacement of the traditional lining of bell and chamber metallurgical furnaces by lining made of refractory ceramic fiber

In theory, there exist two methods of replacement of traditional lining made of fireclay insulation articles by lining made of OKB Cerablanket refractory ceramic fiber. The first method consists in production of lining made of OKB Cerablanket rolled material with the material being formed in undulating fashion into sections with height of a wave equal to the thickness of the lining. In the second method, the lining is fabricated from ready-made modular Z-blok sections with integrated anchors made of stainless steel. Sections fabricated from OKB Cerablanket rolled material is arranged in a linear or checkerboard arrangement. The operating life of lining fabricated from refractory fiber is practically unlimited. Anumber of conditions that guarantee long and effective service of the materials must be fulfilled, for example, the furnace temperature must not exceed 1170°C, rate of gas flow must not be greater than 20 – 30 m/sec, and the lining must not be subjected to mechanical loads.     

Thermal Stresses Generated in the Lining of a Steel Ladle

Conditions for the thermal regime of 25-ton steel ladles lined with periclase-carbon refractories are analyzed. The input data for numerical analysis are the temperatures at the inner surface of the lining measured experimentally. Temperature profiles over the cross-section of the hot layer of the lining are calculated and then used to determine thermal stresses in the refractory material. A conclusion is drawn that sharp temperature gradients during the heating-up should be avoided. The currently employed heating regimes generate thermal stresses that exceed the strength tolerance limits for refractory materials. __________ Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 10, pp. 84 – 87, August, 2005.     

Wear of the periclase-lime lining of steel teeming ladles in ladle desulfurization of steel

Conclusions Wear of a periclase-lime steel teeming ladle refractory lining is a complex physicochemical process in which it is practically impossible to distinguish a predominant elementary direction of action of the molten slag and metal.Replacement of liquid synthetic slags with solid slag-forming mixtures in ladle desulfurization of steel does not have a significant influence on wear of the lining working layer.An increase in the amplitude and number of thermal cycles significantly increases formation of cracks in the refractory lining and, consequently, accelerates its wear. An increase in temperature gradient within the refractory layer significantly increases crack formation.The presence of high-temperature contact of the periclase-lime lining working layer with strong deoxidizers accelerates its wear.Reduction of the magnesium and calcium of the refractories by the carbon of the binder under ladle service conditions may occur only with escape of gaseous CO through the reinforcing layer and the joints of the refractory lining in special gas escape holes in the ladle shell.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 3, pp. 33–36, March, 1993.     

New Formulations of Fused Periclase-Based Refractory Materials for the Lining of Steel Ladles

New formulations of fused periclase-based carbon-containing refractory materials for differentiated use in the lining of steel ladles (bottom, slag zone, and walls) are proposed. The use of new refractory materials made it possible to improve the lining durability from 80 to 100 heats.     

焚硫炉设计的改进

总结焚硫炉使用中出现的问题，对焚硫炉结构的设计和选材进行了改进和完善。针对保温材料选用不合格致使焚硫炉壳体温度过高，调整炉墙 厚度，保温层同耐火层一样设为114mm和230mm两层。随着硫磺制酸不断大，粘土质耐火砖的高温机械性能达到极限，建议焚硫炉内层迎火面、挡墙选用高铝砖砌筑，次内层仍用粘土砖，以保证焚硫炉稳定操作。以砂改用槽钢代替角钢加强，并缩短槽钢间距，增加预留膨胀缝量，解决封头的变形。     

Alumina-spinel castable for steel ladles: An overview

Alumina-spinel castable has excellent refractory properties, including high volume and thermal stability, good hot strength, and excellent resistance against corrosion, erosion, and thermal spalling. Excellent refractory properties have made it a preferred lining for steel ladles, reducing the erosion and corrosion of molten metal and slag and improving the ladle life and efficiency for decades. These castables are also significant for the replacement of chrome-bearing refractories that cause several health hazards. The current review paper covers preformed and in situ spinel containing alumina castables. It focuses on the importance of these castables in the sidewall and bottom portion of the steel ladle in detail, the effect of spinel and MgO content, and the factors affecting castable properties. The review also covers the final properties of castable and the application areas of alumina-spinel castable in steel ladle, purging plugs, and RH-degasser.     

水煤浆气化炉耐火材料的损毁原因及改进

分析了水煤浆气化炉用耐火材料的损毁原因,认为熔渣侵蚀、剥落和机械磨损是导致炉衬耐火材料损毁的主要因素,其中以剥落为主;引起剥落的原因是多方面的,包括熔渣渗透引起的结构应力、温度变化引起的热应力、体积膨胀引起的机械应力及组分价态变化引起的体积效应等。以减少熔渣渗透为目的,通过添加适合金属外加剂,研制的新产品具有更高的体积密度和更小的气孔直径,预计可提高炉衬使用寿命10%以上。     

Competitiveness of products: A key to success in an incipient market economy

The Borovichi Refractory Plant has organized the production of new advanced refractories, including graphite-containing articles for continuous casting of steel, a variety of mullite-corundum articles, mortars, and refractories for lining blast furnaces. The prospects for refractory production are considered. Properties of the new refractories and data on their use in the metallurgical industry are presented.Translated from Ogneupory i Tekhnicheskaya Keramika, No. 8, pp. 23–26, August, 1996.     

Quality and economy of refractories

Conclusions The development of new forms of refractories must be based on the use of all forms of raw material, including the lowest grades. Beneficiation of raw material must be done for a purpose and be based on technical necessity, cost effectiveness, and ecological desirability.It is necessary to develop at accelerated rates the production of unformed and unfired refractories and to locate it preferentially in plants producing fireclays and having avilable various forms of inexpensive raw material.Newly created methods must answer the requirements of production of high quality parts, full mechanization, provision of atmospheric cleanliness, and cost effectiveness in the production and use of them.Investigators and production personnel must concentrate their attention on the solution of problems of a sharp decrease or the elimination of formation of dust in firing raw materials in rotating kilns and effective utilization of the dust caught in refractory production.Scientific-research institutes together with production plants and design organizations must develop and use modern instruments and on the basis of them develop new accelerated and automated methods of quality inspection of semifinished products and finished refractory production (chemical and phase composition, nondestructive methods for determining the physicomechanical, thermophysical, and other properties).Extending the service life of lining under the action of slag, metal, a gaseous medium, and thermal impacts must be done by guniting, cooling of the lining and refractory parts with air, water, and steam, and the introduction of new lining designs.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 7, pp. 4–9, July, 1982.     

不定型耐火材料衬里在灰融聚粉煤气化炉的应用

不定型耐火材料是一种新型筑炉材料。介绍了灰融聚粉煤气化炉的衬里结构;提出了不定型耐火材料用于灰融聚粉煤气化炉衬里的注意事项。通过与传统耐火材料衬里的对比,表明不定型耐火材料衬里具有降低气化炉成本、减少气化炉过热点、施工方便以及使用寿命长等特点。