Compressive sensing‐based adaptive sparse predistorter design for power amplifier linearization

Greedy algorithms in the compressive sensing theory have been formed the essential method for pruning power amplifier (PA) behavioral models and digital predistorters (DPDs). However, the inherent batch mode of these algorithms limits their application in adaptive digital predistortion framework. In this paper, a powerful subspace pursuit greedy scheme combined with stochastic gradient descent adaptive algorithm is proposed to design a class of adaptive sparse DPDs. According to the given sparsity level, the proposed approach can obtain the sparse terms of DPDs and extract the corresponding coefficients adaptively. Performance improvement of the proposed method is validated by simulation results on the adaptive DPD excited by 15‐MHz 3‐carrier Long‐Term Evolution signals and 50‐MHz 16 amplitude/phase‐shift keying signals. Meanwhile, measurement results on a Doherty PA excited by 30‐MHz 3‐carrier Long‐Term Evolution signals are also performed to verify the advantage of the proposed approach. Simulation and experimental results show that proposed algorithm can efficiently construct the adaptive sparse DPD models with only a small number of parameters; both nonlinear distortions and memory effects in the PA can be almost completely removed. A comparison with the nonsparsity aware DPD techniques and batch mode compressive sensing pruning techniques has been demonstrated that the proposed method exhibit faster convergence, improving tracking capabilities and reduced computational complexity.     

气体绝缘开关设备中特快速瞬态过电压研究的新进展

气体绝缘开关设备（gas insulated switchgear,GIS）中的隔离开关操作空载短母线会产生陡波前、高幅值的特快速瞬态过电压（very fast transient overvoltage,VFTO）、瞬态壳体电位和电磁干扰,对GIS及其连接的具有绕组的设备、与壳体连接的二次设备绝缘产生危害,干扰二次设备工作,严重影响设备的安全运行。对2009年前国内外在VFTO测量方法、特性试验、数字仿真和对绝缘影响以及外部VFTO方面的研究状况进行了综述。概要总结了国家电网公司在特高压GIS中VFTO实测及仿真研究方面取得的新进展,提出了特高压GIS中VFTO需要深化研究的内容,即重点关注VFTO的传播特性与仿真建模,VFTO下的绝缘特性和机制研究,以期全面掌握特高压GIS中VFTO特性,对特高压输变电设备的研制、工程设计和运行提供依据和有益的参考。     

基于Smallworld的配电AM/FM/GIS分布式系统

随着我国城网改造的逐步升温,配电管理系统（DMS）成为提高配电网运行和管理水平必不可少的手段,而AM／FM／GIS系统是配电系统整体管理水平提高的集中表现之一。本文围绕电力AM／FM／GIS系统的设计、功能规划,接口方案、一体化设计思想等问题进行了深入的探讨。     

TDC-3000分散控制系统的实际应用

广州恒运企业集团有限公司210MW机组采用了Honeywell公司的TDC-3000分散控制系统，该系统完全具有数据采集(DAS)、协调控制(CCS)、顺序控制(SCS)和炉膛安全监测系统(FSSS)功能，这种应用在国内电厂中尚属首次。为此，详细介绍了该系统网络结构的特点，系统主要硬件、软件的组成，分析该系统在机组运行中出现的问题并提出行之有效的解决办法，强调今后在设备选型时应特别注意的问题。     

分布式电源的配电网重构和电容器优化投切

综合考虑最优潮流、配电网重构和电容器优化投切,建立了计及分布式电源的配电网经济运行模型。鉴于模型的复杂性,采用结合最优潮流和改进蚁群算法的混合优化方法进行求解。该方法将最优潮流嵌入改进蚁群算法中,利用最优潮流求解考虑网络安全约束的分布式电源优化调度问题,利用改进蚁群算法优化配电网结构和电容器档位。为了提高蚁群算法的优化效率,建立含有局部搜索蚂蚁的混合蚁群,平衡蚁群算法的全局和局部搜索能力。通过对16节点和33节点的测试系统仿真,表明提出的模型和算法正确有效。     

An Application of the Recombination and Generation Theory by Shockley, Read and Hall to Biological Ion Channels

We have applied the Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) model for the generation and recombination of charged carriers to biological ion channels. We show how to include this important effect in the traditional PNP model. The idea is to use the software of computational electronics that has been developed to solve Shockley’s equations. In particular we have used the simulator PROPHET to simulate biological ion channels and to include particle like properties and dynamics such as the capture and release of ions. The considerable reduction of effective diffusion coefficients can be well simulated. The saturation effect observed in current-concentration curves, which is not predicted by the conventional PNP model, has been successfully reproduced in our simulation. We also show that PROPHET can be used to perform both steady state and time dependent simulations for ion channels. The timescale can be microseconds, far beyond the range of molecular dynamics simulations. Our results demonstrate the useful role of PROPHET simulations in a multi-scale simulation approach.     

10kV架空线配电自动化系统的初步实施

分析 10kV馈线保护的二次重合闸与柱上真空开关 (PVS)的配合 ,实现 10kV架空线配电自动化系统的初级阶段———电压型馈线自动化 ,即当发生故障时 ,及时准确地确定故障点 ,方便维修人员处理 ,自动隔离故障点 ,恢复非故障区间供电 ,减小客户停电时间和停电范围。同时介绍了广州电力局电压型馈线自动化的应用实例。     

开关磁阻电机的自抗扰控制策略研究

开关磁阻电机由于其具有结构简单、可靠性高、调速范围宽等优点,在多种场合如新能源汽车以及家用电器等领域内得到应用和发展。本文以直驱型宽转速调速的多功能食品料理机为研究对象,结合开关磁阻电机特性及机械运动方程,建立系统仿真模型,利用自抗扰控制设计了开关磁阻电机宽转速稳定的调速系统,验证自抗扰系统能更好地抑制外部负载变化引起的扰动影响,并且具有更好的动态响应及稳态性能。最后对一台四相8/6开关磁阻电机进行实验,结果表明自抗扰控制可以有效控制电机的转速和转矩,在宽转速范围变工况条件具有优良控制性能。     

A novel auto-reference ultra-wideband receiver scheme

A new auto-reference (AR) transmit-receive scheme and a corresponding group decision algorithm on the generalized likelihood ratio testing (GLRT) principle is proposed in this paper to overcome the drawbacks of the power inefficiency and the high noise vulnerability in transmitted-reference (TR) ultra-wideband (UWB) systems. A partly overlapped detection window structure is introduced in which the decided data frames are regarded as the reference signal so that energy and time resources in the reference frame are saved and full-rate data transmission is achieved. Differential coding was utilized to solve the error propagation problem introduced by the overlapped detection windows. The group decision algorithm on the GLRT principle was utilized to estimate the correlation template through all data frames in detection windows and could offer better noise suppression. Simulation results reveal that the AR scheme with its decision algorithm outperforms the conventional and other modified TR schemes in generalized signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Translated from Journal Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2006, 40(8): 932–935 [译自: 西安交通大学学报]     

基于最优潮流方法的传输容量计算研究

可用传输容量计算已成为电力市场研究的一个重要部分，而总传输容量又是可用传输容量计算的基础，该文在介绍可用传输容量计算的基本概念，计算原则的基础上，建立了基于最优潮流（OPF）的总传输容量计算模型，提出了6种区域间传输容量计算目标函数，并通过定量证明了在一定条件下这六种目标函数计算的等价性，文中通过对IEEE－30节点系统进行的仿真计算，验证了基于OFP计算总传输容量的可行性，同时也通过实例算例验证了所提出定理的正确性。     

一种新的混合优化算法求解配电网重构

传统粒子群算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO)容易早熟的问题,限制了其在配电网的应用和发展,故把二进制粒子群遗传算法(genetic binary particle swarm optimization,GBPSO)应用到配电网重构中.该算法利用遗传算法(genetic algorithm,GA)的变异能力改善粒子群算法的早熟情况.同时考虑到配电网的特殊性,采用了十进制编码规则,优化了编码方式.算例证明了该方法用于配电网重构的可行性和优越性.     

基于SoC系统的模块化多电平换流器全电磁暂态实时仿真

随着基于模块化多电平换流器(MMC)拓扑的柔性直流工程技术广泛使用,相应的电磁暂态(EMT)实时仿真技术变得尤为关键.为了实现基于MMC的柔性直流输电系统的实时仿真,提出一种适用于现场可编程逻辑门阵列(field programmable gate arrays,FPGA)的MMC实时片上系统(SoC)仿真模型及其计算...     

一种开放的工业以太网EtherNet/IP

介绍了工业以太网出现的背景,并分析了EtherNet/IP(EIP)这种开放的工业以太网标准的特点和协议原理。最后介绍了开发这类产品的一些知识。     

GIS局部放电外置超高频检测系统

研制了宽带和窄带两种超高频外置天线传感器,两种传感器增益均大于1,驻波比在其有效带宽范围内均小于2,均能用于GIS局部放电超高频检测。设计了高性能放大器和半分布参数超高频滤波器,工作频带为300～1000MHz,完全覆盖了两种传感器的工作频带。性能测试表明,传感器和滤波放大器性能优良,频率匹配,能满足超高频信号检测预处理的要求。通过对绝缘子表面金属污染缺陷产生的局部放电信号进行检测研究表明,超高频检测系统能够检测到超高频段微弱的局部放电信号,并能抑制低频段干扰,为后续模式识别的研究打下了基础。     

基于电磁感应和超宽带雷达的新型探测系统

超宽带探地雷达是近年来迅速发展起来的一种高新无损检测技术,可对地下目标进行高分辨率成像,但很难直接判断目标是金属或非金属的,而且无法得到准确的探测深度。针对地下目标材质识别和获取准确探测深度的需求,研制了一种将电磁感应与超宽带雷达相结合的新的探测系统。该系统可以直接分辨金属和非金属目标,并能反演出介质的介电常数,从而得到目标的准确深度。将该探测系统在测试模型上进行了实验,取得了很好的效果。     

An Approach to Speech Emotion Classification Using k-NN and SVMs

The interaction between humans and machines has become an issue of concern in recent years. Besides facial ex-pressions or gestures, speech has been evidenced as one of the foremost promising modalities for automatic emotion recognition. Effective computing means to support HCI (Human-Computer Interaction) at a psychological level, al-lowing PCs to adjust their reactions as per human requirements. Therefore, the recognition of emotion is pivotal in High-level interactions. Each Emotion has distinctive properties that form us to recognize them. The acoustic signal produced for identical expression or sentence changes is essentially a direct result of biophysical changes, (for example, the stress instigated narrowing of the larynx) set off by emotions. This connection between acoustic cues and emotions made Speech Emotion Recognition one of the moving subjects of the emotive computing area. The most motivation behind a Speech Emotion Recognition algorithm is to observe the emotional condition of a speaker from recorded Speech signals. The results from the application of k-NN and OVA-SVM for MFCC features without and with a feature selection approach are presented in this research. The MFCC features from the audio signal were initially extracted to characterize the properties of emotional speech. Secondly, nine basic statistical measures were calculated from MFCC and 117-dimensional features were consequently obtained to train the classifiers for seven different classes (Anger, Happiness, Disgust, Fear, Sadness, Disgust, Boredom and Neutral) of emotions. Next, Classification was done in four steps. First, all the 117-features are classified using both classifiers. Second, the best classifier was found and then features were scaled to [-1, 1] and classified. In the third step, the with or without feature scaling which gives better performance was derived from the results of the second step and the classification was done for each of the basic sta-tistical measures separately. Finally, in the fourth step, the combination of statistical measures which gives better per-formance was derived using the forward feature selection method Experiments were carried out using k-NN with different k values and a linear OVA-based SVM classifier with different optimal values. Berlin emotional speech da-tabase for the German language was utilized for testing the planned methodology and recognition rates as high as 60% accomplished for the recognition of emotion from voice signal for the set of statistical measures (median, maximum, mean, Inter-quartile range, skewness). OVA-SVM performs better than k-NN and the use of the feature selection technique gives a high rate.     

考虑“风-光-荷-储”联合运行的配电网双层规划方法

分布式电源与储能系统在配电网中的应用是当前研究的热点。提出了一种风机、光伏电源、储能系统在配电网中的双层规划模型。上层模型以投资、运维费用为优化目标,同时考虑区域的购电费用及网损费用,完成风机和光伏电源的容量配置;下层模型提出了一种储能系统削峰填谷的运行策略,基于该策略完成储能系统的选址定容工作。针对以上模型,提出以下求解方法:基于遗传算法求解上层模型,并通过K均值聚类方法对比研究输入数据序列长度对规划结果的影响,通过帕累托分析研究了投资运维费用与购电费用及网损费用的关系;使用YALMIP工具箱完成储能系统运行策略的求解,进而完成储能系统的选址定容工作。最后,通过IEEE-33节点标准配电系统仿真验证了所提模型在风机和光伏电源以及储能系统规划方面的有效性,结果显示所提储能运行策略具有良好的削峰填谷效果。     

Robust fuzzy logic power system stabilizer based on evolution and learning

A robust fuzzy logic power system stabilizer (FLPSS) based on evolution and learning is proposed in this paper. A hybrid algorithm that combines learning and evolution is developed whereby each one complements other’s strength. Parameters of FLPSS are encoded in chromosome (individual) of genetic algorithm (GA) population. Population of FLPSS in GA learns to stabilize electromechanical oscillations in power system at an operating point, as the best fitness becomes large steady value during successive generations. Operating region of FLPSS is enlarged by learning more operating points over the operating domain. Best FLPSS drawn from last generation is saved as designed FLPSS. Effectiveness of the proposed method is validated on a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) power system. Promising optimal stabilizing performance with designed FLPSS for considered power system is obtained at wide range of operating points.     

Single‐layer perceptron and dynamic neuron implementing linearly non‐separable Boolean functions

This paper presents a single‐layer perceptron (SLP) scheme with an impulse activation function (IAF) and a dynamic neuron (DN) with a trapezoidal activation function (TAF). Combining with some interesting properties of the offset levels, it is shown that many linearly non‐separable Boolean functions can be realized by using only one SLPwIAF or one DNwTAF. In the present work, a few appropriate IAF and TAF are adopted, and the inverse offset level method is used for the design of the SLPwIAF synaptic weights and the DNwTAF templates. The XOR and NXOR Boolean operations with two inputs and all 152 non‐separable Boolean functions with three inputs can be easily implemented by one SLPwIAF or one DNwTAF. Finally, the entire set of 152 DNwTAF templates associated with 152 non‐separable Boolean functions of three inputs is completely listed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

永磁同步发电机电磁暂态等效建模方法及稳定性分析

嵌套同时快速求解(nested fast and simultaneous solution, NFSS)算法通过消去电路节点可以显著提高仿真速度。然而,商业仿真软件提供的永磁同步发电机(permanent magnet synchronous generator, PMSG)模型无法获取等效电路,限制了该算法在海上风电中的应用。针对上述问题,提出了PMSG电磁暂态(electro-magnetic transient, EMT)等效建模方法,并分析了建模方法的稳定性。首先,将PMSG数学模型离散化,得到用三相受控电流源表示的等效电路及接口方法,给出PMSG的控制模式和等效模型求解流程。并结合实际PMSG参数取值,分析了等效建模方法的稳定性。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建了PMSG详细模型和等效模型进行仿真精度对比及稳定性验证,结果表明,所提模型及稳定性分析具有较好的正确性,为NFSS算法在海上风电中的应用提供了模型基础,也为发电机参数的选取提供了约束条件。