一种支持属性撤销的外包属性加密方案

针对传统基于密文策略的属性加密方案在密钥生成、密文解密和属性撤销阶段计算开销大的问题,提出一种具有属性撤销功能的外包属性加密方案。在加密过程中使用线性秘密共享机制作为访问结构,将密钥生成和密文解密的部分计算外包,通过为每个用户的私钥设置版本号实现用户属性的撤销,同时证明方案在可重复的选择密文攻击下是安全的。实验结果表明,该方案的计算开销较低,并且能较好地实现密文策略的属性撤销功能。     

可撤销的多关键字公钥可搜索加密方案

在云计算应用中,为保证隐私数据安全,用户需要将数据在本地加密后再上传至云服务器。可搜索加密技术允许用户直接检索服务器上的加密数据,获得检索权限的用户往往可以无限制地检索密文。在现实应用中,用户密钥的丢失及恶意攻击容易对隐私数据产生安全威胁,用户不应该持续保持对数据的检索能力。为此,提出了一个支持用户检索权限撤销的公钥可搜索加密方案。将系统的整个生命周期划分为不同时段,下个时段的密文由上个时段的密文进化而来,通过密文进化及时间密钥的分发控制实现用户权限的撤销。方案在支持多关键字检索的同时降低方案的计算开销,并且撤销用户对此前时刻所有密文的检索能力,保证密文的前向安全性。     

基于RCE的云存储动态所有权管理数据去重方案

数据去重技术在云存储中应用广泛,通过存储数据的一个副本节省存储空间、降低通信开销。为了实现安全的数据去重复,收敛加密以及其很多变体相应被提出,然而,很多方案没有考虑所有权改变和所有权证明（PoW）问题。提出一种安全高效的动态所有权管理去重方案,通过更新组密钥对密钥密文进行重加密实现云用户所有权撤销后的管理问题,阻止撤销所有权的用户正确解密密文,构造了基于布隆过滤器的所有权证明,提出延迟更新策略进一步降低计算开销。分析和实验表明,该方案具有较小的开销,在动态所有权管理中是有效的。     

支持高效撤销的属性加密方案

属性加密(Attribute-BasedEncryption,ABE)将密钥和密文与一系列属性相关联,被广泛应用于云计算的访问控制中。针对现有撤销方案效率低下的问题,提出一种更高效、细粒度的访问控制方案。方案中采用的访问结构可以表达任意涉及布尔运算符的访问策略;在加密过程中,构建一种属性用户组随机密钥分发方法,并结合ABE实现双重加密,将所有撤销操作转化成属性级别细粒度的撤销;新方案的数据始终以密文形式存在于服务器上,降低了对服务器的安全限制,可以将大部分密文重加密任务转移给云服务器执行,有效利用云服务器的计算能力,提升系统的运行效率,减少通信开销。     

不可信更新的前向安全公钥加密方案：安全性模型和构造

已提出的不可信更新的前向安全公钥加密方案没有安全性证明,因此对方案的安全性存在质疑。对前向安全公钥加密方案进行扩展,给出首个具有可证明安全的不可信更新前向安全公钥加密方案。首先给出了不可信更新的前向安全公钥加密的方案定义和形式化安全性模型;根据方案定义,运用双线性映射技术以及高效的对称加密机制,提出一个不可信更新的前向安全公钥加密方案,并在随机预言机模型下证明了该方案的安全性。通过分析,该方案具有定长密文,定长私钥,固定加/解密开销,固定密钥更新开销的特点,具有一定的实用性。     

基于密文策略属性加密体制的匿名云存储隐私保护方案

针对云存储中数据机密性问题,为解决密钥泄漏与属性撤销问题,从数据的机密性存储以及访问的不可区分性两个方面设计了基于密文策略属性加密体制(CP_ABE)的匿名云存储隐私保护方案。提出了关于密钥泄漏的前向安全的不可逆密钥更新算法;在层次化用户组以及改进的Subset-Difference算法基础上,利用云端数据重加密算法实现属性的细粒度撤销;基于同态加密算法实现k匿名l多样性数据请求,隐藏用户潜在兴趣,并在数据应答中插入数据的二次加密,满足关于密钥泄漏的后向安全。在标准安全模型下,基于l阶双线性Diffie-Hellman(判定性l-BDHE)假设给出所提出方案的选择性安全证明,并分别从计算开销、密钥长度以及安全性等方面验证了方案的性能优势。     

面向可变用户群体的可搜索属性基加密方案

为解决属性基加密方案中用户撤销繁琐、密文更新计算开销大的问题,提出一种面向可变用户群体的可搜索属性基加密方案.利用二叉树管理撤销列表,当需要撤销用户时,可信中心只要将其加入撤销列表,并通知云服务器更新部分密文,提高了用户撤销的效率.考虑到利用二叉树实现用户撤销会导致系统中用户数量存在上限,当某个二叉树叶结点所代表的用户被撤销后,只要更新二叉树中设置的随机值,其他用户就可以重复使用该结点.基于配对计算为用户提供密文搜索功能,并保证被撤销的用户无法搜索密文.安全性分析表明,该方案在随机谕言模型下满足选择明文不可区分安全性.性能分析和实验数据表明,该方案相比于同类方案,计算开销更小.     

改进的属性撤销权重属性基加密方案

在PHR（Personal Health Records,个人健康记录）系统中,用户会动态地加入或离开,及时撤销细粒度的属性更加适用于实际应用系统。为此,提出一种改进的基于仲裁者的密文策略的属性基加密方案,使其能够在具有外包解密的同时可以实现细粒度属性及时撤销。该方案通过构造KEK树及时更新密钥和密文以此来及时撤销细粒度属性。此外,针对现有的密文策略属性基加密方案较少考虑到属性重要性,将属性权重的概念引入该方案中,使其更加适合PHR系统。安全性分析和仿真实验表明,与已有方案相比,所提方案可以抵抗合谋攻击,保证数据机密性以及前向安全和后向安全。此外,该方案具有更低的计算复杂度。     

云计算环境下基于属性的撤销方案

针对云环境下密文策略属性基加密共享数据的访问权限撤销问题,提出了基于属性的撤销方案。方案中可信第三方从带有全局标识的用户属性集中查找满足密文访问结构的属性集,为该交集中的每个属性生成带有相同全局标识的密钥组件,通过组合密钥组件生成用户私钥。当发生撤销时,更新撤销用户属性的密钥组件并分发给拥有该属性的其他用户,同时生成对应的重加密密钥来对密文重加密。安全性分析和实验表明,本方案是选择明文攻击安全的,能有效实现属性的即时撤销,解决多授权结构密钥分发的同步问题。采用hash函数可使密文长度达到常数级,进一步减少资源开销,满足实际云环境中属性安全撤销的应用需求。     

改进属性加密结合代理重加密的云计算安全访问控制策略

基于属性的密文加密(Attribute-based Ciphertext Encryption,ABCE)策略是一种在数据外包环境中控制数据访问的最有效方案之一,但策略的更新会限制ABCE策略的执行效率,加大计算开销。针对云计算的数据外包过程,提出一种扩展数据访问能力并提升策略安全性的新方案。针对多权限云中的大数据,结合改进属性加密,提出灵活、安全的访问控制模型;设计基于改进代理重加密的新型策略更新流程,制定高效的策略更新方案,降低计算开销。将该方案与其他方案进行了实验对比,结果验证了该方案在计算效率和数据吞吐量上的优势。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。