高冰镍浸出渣冶金过程多金属走向行为探究

高冰镍浸出渣是镍湿法冶金过程的重要中间产物,含有铜、镍、钴和金、银、铂、钯等有价金属,具有重要的综合回收价值。探究高冰镍浸出渣冶金过程多金属的走向行为对于提高金属综合回收率、优化系统物料平衡和推动工艺技术升级具有重要意义。基于新疆阜康冶炼厂高冰镍浸出渣的典型冶金工艺,结合文献调研和工业生产实践,阐释高冰镍浸出渣中主要金属铜、镍、钴、铁和贵金属金、银、铂、钯的迁移走向,揭示各金属形态变化历程,分析各金属在渣相和液相的分配行为,为工艺设计和优化提供支撑。     

Organic acid leaching of base metals from copper granulated slag and evaluation of mechanism

A hydrometallurgical method is discussed to selectively extract base metals such as copper, cobalt, nickel and iron from the copper granulated slag (0.53% Cu) at atmospheric pressure. It involves first-stage leaching of slag with organic (citric acid) to selectively recover cobalt, nickel and iron. The residue containing high copper was subjected to second-stage leaching with inorganic (sulphuric) acid. Leaching parameters such as acid concentration, pulp density, temperature and time were optimised to extract metals from the granulated slag. A maximum recovery of 4.47% Cu, 88.3% Co, 95% Ni and 93.8% Fe were obtained in first-stage leaching with 2?N citric acid at room temperature using 10% pulp density (w/v) in 8–9?h. On subjecting the leach residue to the second-stage leaching with 2?M sulphuric acid, 66–72% Cu was recovered in 4?h. The kinetics of the metal leaching from the slag was established by the XRD and SEM–EDAX studies of the residues.     

Recovery of metal values from copper smelter flue dust

A hydrometallurgical process has been developed for the recovery of valuable metals from the flue dust of a copper smelter. The dust containing various metals, such as lead, zinc, copper, bismuth, indium, cadmium, iron, arsenic etc., was treated using this hydrometallurgical process to recover all these metals and also to solve environmental pollution problems. Leachings were carried out under atmospheric and elevated pressure utilizing sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid pressure leaching in the absence of oxygen provided the best separation of copper and arsenic. About 80% of arsenic went into solution during leaching, and more than 90% of copper remained in the residue as cupric sulfide. Zinc, cadmium and indium from the solution and bismuth, copper and lead from the residue were recovered by various well-known processes. Arsenic and iron were removed from the solution by oxidation and precipitation as ferric arsenate. Both laboratory and bench-scale experiments were carried out with satisfactory results.     

Pressure leaching of copper converter slag using dilute sulphuric acid for the extraction of cobalt, nickel and copper values

In our earlier studies [1–4], conditions were optimized for leaching converter slag with ferric chloride/dilute sulphuric acid for the recovery of cobalt, nickel and copper. By using both leachants most of the copper, nickel and cobalt values could be solubilized. Subsequent treatment of the leach liquors for separation and recovery of metals was difficult due to the presence of large quantities of iron in relation to other metal concentrations. In the present work, an attempt has been made to develop a process based on pressure leaching of the slag with dilute sulphuric acid in which iron contamination could be minimized by oxidation and hydrolysis. Various parameters including leaching time, pulp density, particle size, concentration of acid and oxygen partial pressure were studied to optimize the solubility of metal values. Under optimum conditions about 90% copper and more than 95% each of nickel and cobalt could be extracted with only 0.8% extraction of iron.     

A Process for the Recovery of Platinum from Analytical Residues

Abstract

This paper describes a process for the recovery of platinum from the analytical residue left after the determination of oxygen and hydrogen in refractory metals and alloys by vacuum fusion method. The residue, which consists of platinum alloyed with a host of other refractory metals and alloys like Ti, Zr, zircaloy etc. embedded in a graphite matrix, is calcined in air to eliminate graphite by oxidation. This is followed by (i) alloying the calcined material with a suitable metal and its subsequent removal to yield active platinum powder, (ii) acid leaching of the powder to solubilise platinum metal value, (iii) precipitation of ammonium chloroplatinate salt, (iv) thermal decomposition of the salt to platinum metal sponge, and (v) final purification and consolidation. In the entire flowsheet, the activation step is the most important part, as without it the scrap metal refuses to dissolve in any acidic media. The paper discusses the role of zinc and aluminum as alloying agent in the activation treatment. Dissolution of a noble metal like platinum could be effected only in a strongly oxidising acid mixture like aqua regia that liberates nascent chlorine to form chloroplatinic acid. The leaching step has been optimised with respect to amount of acid, temperature and time. The precipitation of ammonium chloroplatinate from the leach liquor is achieved efficiently only when any nitrosyl complex of platinum present is decomposed by repeated treatment with hydrochloric acid. The crude platinum sponge is subjected to purification to obtain 99.9%pure platinum with an overall recovery of 97.2 percent.     

从大洋多金属结核氨浸液中萃取分离铜,镍,钴

用ＬＩＸ８４的煤油溶液作萃取剂，从大洋多金属结核的催化还原氨浸溶液中选择性共萃铜和镍，而钴等留在萃余液中，然后选择反萃镍和铜，再生有机相循环使用，铜和镍溶液可用电积回收铜和镍。本工艺只需一种萃取剂便可有效地将铜、镍、钴三者彼此分离，操作简便，可用于处理大洋多金属结核或其它含铜、镍、钴的复杂矿     

铅试金-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定高镍锍中金铂钯

采用铅试金法富集高镍锍中金、铂和钯时,因高镍锍中镍、铜含量较高,严重影响着铅试金的熔炼富集和灰吹效果。实验采用盐酸溶解分离高镍锍中镍、铜等基体组分,得到的含贵金属残渣经包铅灰吹法进一步富集与分离,最终实现了铅试金-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)对高镍锍中金、铂和钯的准确测定。实验探讨了盐酸用量、铅箔用量、灰皿类型、灰吹损失、银加入量、分析谱线等因素对测定结果的影响。结果表明,对于5 g高镍锍样品,80 mL盐酸几乎可以将镍、铜等基体组分溶解完全;残渣经0.45 μm滤膜收集后,加入5 mg银并包于6.0 g铅箔中,在950 ℃的镁砂灰皿中灰吹,铅及少量贱金属硫化物被氧化分离而金、铂和钯几乎不损失,形成的银合粒经混合酸分解后,银以氯化银沉淀的形式分离不干扰测定;在王水(1+9)介质中,于分析线Au 267.595 nm、Pt 265.945 nm、Pd 340.458 nm处,采用ICP-AES测定金、铂和钯。各元素校准曲线的相关系数均在0.999以上;方法检出限为0.067 μg/g(Au)、0.085 μg/g(Pt)、0.107 μg/g(Pd)。方法用于测定高镍锍中金、铂和钯,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)为2.8%~5.9%。测定结果与行业标准方法(YS/T 252.8—2020)对照测定结果基本吻合。     

用湿法处理BK铅厂阳极泥的研究

研究了处理BK铅厂阳极泥的湿法冶金过程。试验过程包括三部分:氧化浸出阳极泥,对浸出渣进行了处理回收银和金,对浸出液进行处理回收铜、铋和锑。试验结果表明,银和金的回收率分别为96%和86%;银产品的纯度达99.6%;锑、铋和铜的回收率分别为93.2%、90.0%和86.3%。最后的含砷溶液加入石灰和铁盐加以处理,废水达到了排放标准。     

加压氰化全湿法处理低品位铂钯浮选精矿工艺研究

针对前期研究提出的浮选精矿先经湿法预处理而后再加压氰化浸出铂族金属的全湿法新工艺，变动预处理反应过程各种工艺参数，考察了预处理对铜、镍氧化浸出以及对后续铂、钯氰化浸出指标的影响。试验结果表明，浮选精矿经预处理后不仅可有效回收浮选精矿中的铜等有价值有色金属，而且有利于后续加压氰化提取铂钯等贵金属。新工艺实现了全湿法直接处理低品位铂钯硫化浮选精矿的创新。     

电解重量法和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法在测定氧化镍中镍钴铜锌铁锰中的应用

使用硝酸和高氯酸溶解氧化镍样品,溶液过滤后,采用恒电流电解重量法测定滤液中镍。加入10 mL 500 g/L柠檬酸铵,电解液酸度为pH 10,电解过程中所需的电解电流和电解时间为2 A/2 h。选择Ni 341.486 nm、Co 238.892 nm、Cu 324.752 nm、Zn 206.191 nm、Fe 259.940 nm、Mn 257.610 nm作为分析谱线,采用基体匹配法绘制校准曲线消除基体效应,使用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定沉积在铂阴极上的钴、铜、锌、铁、锰,并测定电解残余液和酸不溶残渣中的镍、锰、铁。镍、铁、锰含量分别为电解在铂阴极的镍、铁、锰,电解液中残余镍、铁、锰,残渣回收浸出液中镍、铁、锰共3个部分测定值的总和。实验方法各元素的检出限为0.002 4～0.020 μg/mL,校准曲线的线性相关系数均大于0.999。按照实验方法测定氧化镍样品中镍、钴、铜、锌、铁和锰含量,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)在0.11%～7.5%之间。实验方法用于氧化镍样品的测定,结果与国标方法以及原子吸收光谱法的测定结果相吻合。     

降雨条件下植物修复分层尾矿土壤重金属迁移的模拟分析

为探究分层土壤中重金属铜迁移对地下水的污染规律,通过土柱淋滤试验方法模拟表层植被、不同降雨强度、不同淋滤液pH条件下分层修复尾矿土壤中重金属铜的纵向迁移规律。结果表明,重金属铜会因为淋滤作用在分层土壤中纵向迁移,各土柱出水口淋出液的重金属铜浓度从上到下呈增加趋势,淋出液中重金属铜浓度随土壤中重金属铜浓度的增加而增加;当淋滤液pH<7时,各土柱出水口淋出液的pH值从上到下呈增加趋势;表层植被、降雨强度及淋滤液pH对淋出液中重金属铜的浓度有影响;在适宜降雨强度范围内,淋出液重金属铜的浓度随淋滤强度增大而增大;表层覆有植被的土柱降雨淋滤后各出水口（除溢流口外）的淋出液重金属浓度较大;当淋滤液pH<7时,各出水口淋出液的重金属浓度随淋滤液pH值的减小而增大,酸性淋滤液会在一定程度上促进淋出液重金属的析出。研究结果为控制实际尾矿库土壤污染和地下水污染提供理论基础。      

A hydrometallurgical process to treat carbon steel electric arc furnace dust

A process is described for the treatment of carbon steel electric arc furnace dust to remove zinc, lead, copper and cadmium as sulphides, potentially saleable to a zinc plant, followed by recycling of the iron oxide residue to the steel producing furnace. Clean gypsum, expected to be saleable, is a by-product. The process uses a strong acetic acid leach to dissolve most of the heavy metals and calcium. hydrogen sulphide to precipitate the heavy metal sulphides, and sulphuric acid to precipitate calcium as gypsum. The regenerated acetic acid is treated by ion exchange to remove impurities. The acetic acid is reconcentrated by distillation or other means for recycle to strong acid leaching.     

从碲化亚铜渣中回收碲

铜阳极泥酸浸预处理过程中,碲通常以碲化亚铜渣的形式开路,采用硫酸化焙烧—水浸—碱浸—氧化—酸溶—还原工艺处理碲化亚铜渣。结果表明,水浸脱铜率约为90%,碲总回收率为91%~93%,而金、银、铂和钯等在渣中被进一步富集。     

铜矿石和精矿氮类物催化加压浸出的应用与经济估算

目前评估生产铜的新处理方法兴趣日益浓厚。铜矿石和精矿湿法加压氧化是一种环境友好、经济上可行的方法。几种侯选工艺已经出现,目前正在以中间工厂或生产规模应用。其中,第一个已经工业生产验证的方法是氧压浸出中采用氯类物催化（NSC）,通过SX—EX生产铜。该法具有很多优点,是一种很有应用前景的方法。本文介绍了该工艺的最新进展,工艺开发史及在铜精矿和铜矿石中的应用,重点讨论了从黄铜矿精矿中有效回收贵金属的无氰化物方法。最后,介绍了两个最新工业应用研究及其现场经济估算．     

铟浸出工艺探讨

探索了不同原料铟的浸出工艺,得到的两种二次浸出工艺为:铟富集渣第一次浸出采用"低酸"浸出,第二次浸出采用"中酸"浸出;高品位铟渣第一次浸出采用先"浓酸"浸出后"稀酸"浸出,第二次浸出采用"中酸"浸出。生产扩试表明,不同铟原料采用不同的浸出方法可以使铟的二次浸出渣含铟<0 25%。     

Recovery of germanium and other valuable metals from zinc plant residues

The main purpose of this study was to characterize and to extract germanium from the copper cake of Çinkur Zinc Plant. The physical, chemical and mineralogical characterization of the ground copper cake sample obtained from Çinkur showed that it was 84% below 147 μm containing 700 ppm germanium. The copper cake also contained 15.33% Cu, 15.63% Zn, 1.66% Cd, 1.33% Ni, 0.64% Co, 0.35% Fe, 2.62% Pb, 12.6% As, 0.18% Sb and 3.42% SiO₂. The mineralogical analysis indicated the complex nature of the copper cake which was mainly composed of metallic and oxidized phases containing copper, arsenic, zinc, cadmium, etc. The sulfuric acid leaching experiments were performed under the laboratory conditions. The optimum collective extraction of germanium and other valuable metals was obtained at a temperature range 60 to 85 °C for a leaching duration of 1 h with sulfuric acid concentration of 150 gpl and using a solid–liquid ratio 1/8 g/cc. Under these conditions, the recovery of germanium was 92.7% while the other metals were leached almost completely. The optimum selective leaching conditions of germanium was determined as half an hour leach duration, 1/8 g/cc solid–liquid ratio, 100 gpl sulfuric acid concentration and a temperature range 40 to 60 °C. Under these conditions the leach recovery of germanium was 78%. The dissolution's of other metals like cobalt, nickel, iron, copper, cadmium and arsenic were almost low. So, germanium would be separated more selectively at the following precipitation by tannin stage.     

氧化铜矿氨浸渣的综合回收试验

氧化铜矿氨浸渣浮选法处理得到的铜精矿采用中温氧压盐酸浸出,铜的浸出率达98%以上,浸出过程中产生的三废可回收或无害化处理。     

氧化铜矿氨浸渣的综合回收试验

氧化铜矿氨浸渣浮选法处理得到的铜精矿采用中温氧压盐酸浸出,铜的浸出率达98%以上,浸出过程中产生的三废可回收或无害化处理。     

对我国电镍生产工艺的分析与改进研究

对我国电镍生产主要工艺存在的问题进行分析,并提出工艺改进方案。在现有不溶阳极电积精炼工艺基础上,采用常压浸出渣添加焙砂加压选择性浸出固定硫、浸铜后渣电炉还原熔炼、产出的铜镍锍用返液及镍和铜电积的阳极液分段浸出等措施解决现有工艺的内在矛盾和缺陷,提高对原料成分波动的适应性,分阶段集中和提高各有价金属的回收率。     

Advanced Review on Extraction of Nickel from Primary and Secondary Sources

In this review, resources of nickel and status of different processes/technologies in vogue or being developed for extraction of nickel and associated metals from both primary and secondary resources are summarized. Nickel extraction from primary resources such as ores/minerals (sulfides, arsenides, silicates, and oxides) including the unconventional one viz., the polymetallic sea nodules, and various secondary resources has been examined. Though sulfide ores after concentration are generally treated by the pyro-metallurgical route, most processes for lateritic ores deal with either the acid leaching at ambient temperature and pressure, or high pressure, and a few based on the microbial treatment and owing to the extensive research on laterites, a special emphasis is put forth in this review. Prominent sources that are covered in some detail include the solid wastes like spent batteries viz., end-of-life nickel-cadmium (NiCd) and nickel metal hydride (NiMH), spent catalysts, and spent/scrap superalloys, and liquid wastes such as copper bleed stream and electroplating effluents. In particular pre-treatment of the spent nickel-based batteries, leaching of metals from the electrode materials in different lixiviants, besides separation/solvent extraction of nickel/other metals from the leach liquors, are highlighted.